• Applied Microscopy
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.52-61
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• 1995

Ultrastructural characteristics were examined with leaves of three species, O. japonicus A. Berger, O. malacophyllus Fisch., and O. sikokianus Owhi that probably have CAM mode. The mesophyll cells of these Orostachys possessed vacuoles with precipitates, myelin-like figures, and plasmalemmasomes, along with typical chloroplasts, microbodies and darkly stained bodies in their thin peripheral cytoplasm. Separation of the plasmalemma from the cell wall, leaving a space between them, was a common phenomenon in these species. A complex array of small to large vacuoles which contain small, membrane-bounded vesicles or vacuole-like structures were frequently found. A well-developed thylakoid system was observed in the chloroplasts and this indicates that the photosynthetic capacity of these mesophyll cells is probably active. A peculiar configuration of cytoplasm, especially around the chloroplasts, was also encountered. The variety of cytoplasmic constituents and vacuoles suggest the water-storing mesophyll cells may be complex in function. Some cellular features detected in this study strongly suggest the possible occurrence of CAM mode in Orostachys species.

• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.61-66
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• 1999

Angiosarcomas are rare tumors, seen most commonly in the skin and soft tissue of head and neck legion. But it has been described in numerous body sites including thyroid, breast, liver, spleen, bone, etc.. Their biological behaviors depend on the microscopic grade, site of origin, and multifocality. We report the unique cytological features of an angiosarcoma in pleural fluid. A 61-year-old woman presented with a 6 month history of dyspnea on exertion and chest pain. Chest computerized tomography(CT) revealed multiple subpleural small nodules in the right lung and widespread all space consolidation and pleural effusion in the left lung. CT of liver revealed multiple small low attenuated lesion. The smears obtained from pleural fluid showed hypocellularity with a hemorrhagic background. The tumor cells were highly pleomorphic oval or spindle in shape and presented singly, in loose groups, in knitted syncytial aggregates, and in acinar pattern. Their nuclei had vesicular chromatin with delineated, thick nuclear membranes and occasionally a large eosinophilic, prominent nucleolus. The cytoplasm was plump, thin or protected in spindly fashion. Almost ail tumor cells showed variable sized intracytoplasmic vacuoles and their nuclei were sometimes crescentic by a huge vacuole. Occasional binucleated tumor cells and mitotic figures were present. Cellular debris and streaky materials were identified. Needle biopsy specimen from the pleura revealed anastomosing slit-like spaces lined by pleomorphic tumor cells. The tumor cells showed a strong reactivity for CD31 and vimentin and focal weak reactivity for factor VIII-related antigen.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.115-119
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• 1995

In order to clarify the relationship between the activity and age of vacular cambium in the rhizome of Botrychium ternatum, the cambia of the 6th and 10th internodes from its shoot apex were compared ultrastructurally and histochemically. The cambium in the 6th internode had two to four radially arranged cells in each row, and the cells are radially flattened and had thiner tangential walls than radial. The cambial cells were ultrastructurally characterlized by the presence of a large vacuole, few storage materials such as starch grains and lipid droplets, and various cell organelles such as mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulums and dictyosomes in cytoplasm. On the other hand, the cells of cambium in the 10th internode showed irregular arangement and somewhat enlargement in radial plane. The cells were filled with numerous storage materials and small vacuoles and had few cell organelles except for mitochondria. In addition, the activity of acid phosphatase appeared in the cambium of the 6th internode but of the 10th. From the above results, it is clear that the vascular cambium of the 6th internode was active and that of the 10th was dormant. Thus we reached a conclusion that the rhizome of '||'&'||'trychium ternatum has determinate cambium.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.85-94
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• 2002

Antibodies raised against the purified p-subunit of $\beta$-conglycinin were used in immunohistochemical studies to monitor the pattern of $\beta$-conglycinin mobilization in the cotyledons during soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seed germination. Western blot analysis revealed that the break down of the $\beta$-subunit of $\beta$-conglycinin commenced as early as 2 days after seed imbibition (DAI). Concurrent with the degradation of the $\beta$-subunit of $\beta$-conglycinin, accumulation of 48, 28, and 26 kD proteolytic intermediates was observed from 2 to 6 DAI. Western blot analysis also revealed that the acidic subunit of glycinin was mobilized earlier than the basic subunit. The basic glycinin subunit was subjected to proteolysis within 2 DAI resulting in the appearance of an intermediate product approximately 2 kD smaller than the native basic glycinin subunit. In contrast to the major seed storage proteins, lipoxygenase was subjected to limited proteolysis and was detected even after 8 DAI. The first sign of $\beta$-conglycinin breakdown was observed near the vascular strands and proceeded from the vascular strands towards the epidermis. Protein A-gold localization studies using thin sections of soybean cotyledons and antibodies raised against the $\beta$-subunit of $\beta$-conglycinin revealed intense labeling over protein bodies. A pronounced decrease in the protein A-gold labeling intensity over protein bodies was observed at later stages of seed germination. The protein bodies, which were converted into a large central vacuole by 8 DAI, contained very little 7S protein as evidenced by sparse protein A-gold labeling in the vacuoles.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.501-504
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• 2001

The effect of soil EC on tissue morphology of leaf and shoot tip in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L. cv. Euinchim-baekdadagi) seedlings was investigated. Number of trichomes on leaf upper epidermis increased with the increase in soil EC from 1.0 to $3.0dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$, but the shape and number of stomata on lower epidermis remained unchanged. Epidermal cells of cucumbers grown in EC $1.5dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ soil was occupied mostly by large vacuole whereas those grown in EC $3.0dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ soil were filled with a nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplast and other micro-organelles. Sponge parenchima cells were also larger and contained fewer chloroplasts at EC $1.5dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ than those grown at EC $3.0dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$. Leaf thickness decreased at high EC and the color of epidermal cells became significantly darker on the photograph of optical microscope. Normal tissue differentiation was greatly suppressed in plants grown in soils with $3.5dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ or higher EC.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.233-241
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• 2003

Patterns of tannin accumulation in leaves of C-4 Euphorbia maculata have been examined using electron microscopy. Tannins, which are secondary metabolite phenolic compounds, were found to be deposited conspicuously in vacuoles of certain tissues regardless of their stage in development. However, patterns of deposit accumulation were distinguishable by their cell type during leaf differentiation. The deposits appeared most concentrated in the concentric bundle sheath cells enclosing veins, while little or no density was detected mostly in the mesophyll cells close to the epidermis. An ultrastructural study revealed that the deposits were restricted to the vacuoles at an early stage of leaf development; during which the vacuoles were almost completely filled with the tanniferous substances. The deposits themselves took different forms ranging from granules to huge globules while expanding leaf blade. As the leaf matured, the deposits accumulated either centripetally adjacent to the inner tangential tonoplast or by penetration into the cytoplasm amongst various cellular organelles, resulting in an extremely dense cytoplasm. Electron micrographs frequently showed the delineation of each organelle by the presence of dense deposits within the cytoplasm. Some large depository vacuoles filled with tannins had a corrugated appearance on the sectioned surface. The pattern and potential role of the deposits have been discussed.

• Korean Journal Plant Pathology
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.199-206
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• 1986

Penetration level, female development and histological changes in infected root tissues were investigated following inoculation with different inoculum levels (110,440 and 1760 juveniles/plant) of Heterodera glycines (SCN) race 3 on susceptible 'Lee' and resistant 'Pickett' soybean cultivars. Penetration level was lower in Pickett at the higher inoculum levels but no differences were detected in Lee. However, the lower penetration level in the resistant soybean cultivar appeared not to be directly related to plant resistance (female maturation). The number of females recovered from Lee was lower at the highest inoculum level. The number of females maturing on Pickett was much less than that on Lee, showing that changes of SCN population is associated with the number of SCN maturing rather than nematode penetration. In Lee mono-infection sites (a single nematode per site) syncytia had dense cytoplasm and no central vacuoles. while multi-infected sites (many overlapping nematodes per site) had syncytia with a large central vacuole and many small vacuoles. Resistant responses in mono-and multi-infected root tissues of Pickett were delayed and rapid necrosis, respectively. The differences in tissue response are suggested as a mechanism that controls density-dependent population changes in resistant and/or susceptible soybean cultivars.

• Korean Journal Plant Pathology
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.291-298
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• 1987

Samples showing mosaic symptom of cowpea (Vigna sesquipedalis) with vein banding, chlorotic spot, vein yellow were collected from Chinju areas in Korea, Two viruses were distinguishable by stability in sap, host range, and relations with cells and tissues were examined under an electron microscope, Blackeye cowpea mosaic(BICMV) was sap-transmissible to 7 plant species in 2 families, Of the plants, only leguminous species were systemically infected. This virus was inactivated by heating at $50-65^{\circ}C$ for 10 min, by diluting at $10^{-4}-10^{-5}$, and aging at room temperature for 1-6 days. Preparations examined under the electron microscope by direct negative staining method(DN -method) always showed particles of flexuous filament bout 750nm in length and cytopasmic inclusions. Cytoplasmic inclusions and virus particles were also confirmed to present in the cytoplasm of a mesophyll cell by ultrathin sections of BICMV infected cowpea leaves. Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) was transmitted by sap- inoculation on inoculated leaves of Chenopodium amaranticolor, C. quinoa producing local lesions, but non-inoculated upper leaves of Nicotiana glutinosa, Cucurbita pepo and Vigna sesquipedalis producting systemic mosaic symptoms. Electron microscopic examination of virus preparation by direct negative staining showed spherical particles of about 30nm in diameter. In ultrathin sections of CMV infected tissues, virus particles of crystalline array were found in the vacuole and a large number of virus particles were found in the cytoplasm and the plasmodesmata of mesophyll cells.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.257-261
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• 2000

Integumentary system of the polychaete, Perinezeis aibuhitensis was consisted cuticular, epidermal and dermal layers. Excretory pores opened in cuticular layer, which is covered with epicuticular projections. The hemidesmosomes were observed between supporting cell and basal area of cuticular layer. The epidermal layer was consisted supporting cells and unicellular glands. Supporting cell was relatively larger than the other neighbouring cells, and the nucleus had one to two nucleolus. Cytoplasm of the supporting cell had well-developed intracellular organs such as tonofilaments, mitochondria, rough endoplasmic reticula, free ribosomes and pigment granules of electron dense. The gland cells were reacted with blue in AB-PAS, and classified into the three types such as ${\alpha},\;{\beta}\;and\;{\gamma}$ from the transmission electron microscopic observation. Type ${\alpha}$ gland cell was ovoid and the cytoplasm had well-developed tonofilaments and membrane bounded secretory granules of $0.8{\~}1.5 {\mu}m$ in diameter. Type ${\beta}$ gland cell had a large vacuole and secretory granules of $0.5{\~}0.8 {\mu}m$, which scattered evenly in the cytoplasm. Type ${\gamma}$ gland cell had well-developed endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi auparatus and secretory granules of $0.2{\~}0.3 {\mu}m$ in diameter. The electron density of this granules was the highest among the granules.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.185-198
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• 2007

Spermiogenesis in Japanese white-toothed shrew. Crocidura dsinezumi was investigated by transmission electron microscope. Spermiogenesis was divided into 12 phases 14 steps, based on the morphological features of the nucleus and change of organelles in cytoplasm. The nucleus of spermatids in Golgi (step $1{\sim}2$) phase were spherical; however, they were changed into oval in the cap (step $3{\sim}6$) phase. Flagellum appeared in the middle of acrosomal phase; on the other hand, slender and long spermatid head was formed in maturation phase. The head of spermatids faced the lumen in step 1 to step 6 (from Golgi to cap phase), but, in step 7 to step 14 (from acrosomal to spermiation phase), it turned its head to the basal lamina of the seminiferous epithelium. The nucleus and acrosome were elongated maximally in step 10. The condensation of chromatin started in late acrosomal (step 10) phase, and it was completely finished and homogenized in the middle of maturation (step 12) phase. Multivesicular body appeared near the acrosomal vacuole during the middle cap (step 5) phase, and a large number of them were observed near the Golgi apparatus in the late cap (step 6) phase. Considering all the results, the spermiogenesis might be useful information to analyse the differentiation of spermatogenic fells.