• 대한방사선치료학회지
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• 제33권
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• pp.109-116
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• 2021

목 적: 본 연구는 표면유도환자셋업(Surface-Guided Patient Setup, SGPS)을 활용한 Markerless환자(피부에 표시를 시행하지 않은 환자)와 레이저기반환자셋업(Laser-Based Patient Setup, LBPS)을 활용한 Marker환자(피부에 표시를 시행한 환자)를 영상유도방사선치료(Image Guided Radiotherapy, IGRT)로 시행했을 때 환자 위치 정확도를 비교하여 SGPS의 유용성을 평가하는데 목적이 있다. 대상 및 방법: 3개의 카메라를 이용한 광학 표면 스캐닝시스템을 사용하여 SGPS로 초기 셋업한 Markerless 환자와 환자 피부에 그려진 Marker와 레이저를 정렬하는 LBPS로 초기 셋업한 Marker환자의 IGRT시 위치 오차를 비교하였다. SGPS,LBPS 모두 각각 전립선암 환자 20명, 뇌정위적방사선수술(Stereotactic Radiation Surgery, SRS) 환자 10명을 대상으로 시행하였고 SGPS의 경우는 추가로 유방암 환자 60명을 대상으로 시행하였다. 모두 CBCT 또는 OBI를 사용하여 IGRT를 시행하였다. 자동위치교정시스템(Auto-Matching System)을 이용하여 6방향(6 Degree Of Freedom, 6 DoF)의 위치 오차를 획득하였고 치료계획시스템에서 Offline-Review를 이용하여 비교, 분석하였다. 결 과 : 전립선암환자의 SGPS와 LBPS의 RMS(Root Mean Square) 차이는 Vrt -0.02cm, Log -0.02cm, Lat -0.01cm, Pit -0.01°, Rol -0.01°, Rtn -0.01°이였고 SRS 환자는 Vrt 0.02cm, Log -0.05cm, Lat 0.00cm, Pit -0.30°, Rol -0.15°, Rtn -0.33°으로 두 부위 모두 큰 차이가 없었다. 유방암환자의 IGRT기준 RMS는 Vrt 0.26, Log 0.21, Lat 0.15, Pit 0.81, Rol 0.49, Rtn 0.59으로 나타났다. 결 론 : 본 연구의 결과 LBPS 대비 SGPS의 위치 오차 값은 전립선암 환자와 SRS 환자의 경우 큰 차이를 보이지 않았다. 추가로 실시한 SGPS의 유방암 환자의 경우에도 IGRT기준으로 위치 오차 값이 크지 않았다. 따라서 환자 피부 표시를 필요로 하지 않는 큰 장점을 가진 SGPS로 LBPS를 대체하기에 유용할 것으로 사료된다.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.29-36
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• 1983

The treatment of tumors along curved surfaces with stationary electron beams using cone collimation may lead to non-uniform dose distributions due to a varying air gap between the cone surface and patient. For large tumors, more than one port may have to be used in irradiation of the chest wall, often leading to regions of high or low dose at the junction of the adjacent ports. Electron-beam arc therapy may elimination many of these fixed port problems. When treating breast tumors with electrons, the energy of the internal mammary port is usually higher than that of the chest wall port. Bolus is used to increase the skin dose or limit the range of the electrons. We invertiaged the effect of various arc beam parameters in the isodose distributions, and combined into a single arc port for adjacent fixed ports of different electron beam eneries. The higher fixed port energy would be used as the arc beam energy while the beam penetration in the lower energy region would be controlled by a proper thickness of bolus. We obtained the results of following: 1. It is more uniform dose distribution of electron to use rotation than stationary irradiation. 2. Increasing isocenter depth on arc irradiation, increased depth of maximum dose, reduction in surface dose and an increasing penetration of the linear portion of the curve. 3. The deeper penetration of the depth dose curve and higher X-ray background for the smaller field sized. 4. If the isocenter depth increase, the field effect is small. 5. The decreasing arc beam penetration with decreasing isocenter depth and the isocenter depth effect appears at a greater depth as the energy increases. 6. The addition of bolus produces a shift in the penetration that is the same for all depths leaving the shape of the curves unchanged. 7. Lead strips 5 mm thick were placed at both ends of the arc to produce a rapid dose drop-off.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.205-210
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• 2016

Interleukin-10 (IL10) plays an important role in initiating and maintaining an appropriate immune response to non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Previous studies have revealed that the transcription of IL10 mRNA and its protein expression may be infl uenced by several single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the promoter and intron regions, including rs1800896, rs1800871, and rs1800872. However, the impact of polymorphisms of the IL10 gene on NHL prognosis has not been fully elucidated. Here, we investigated the association between IL10 polymorphisms and NHL prognosis. This study involved 112 NHL patients treated at the National Cancer Center, Korea. The median age was 57 years, and 70 patients (62.5%) were men. Clinical characteristics, including age, performance status, stage, and extra-nodal involvement, as well as cell lineage and International Prognostic Index (IPI), were evaluated. A total of four polymorphisms in IL10 with heterozygous alleles were analyzed for hazard ratios of overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) using Cox proportional hazards regression analysis. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma was the most common histologic type (n = 83), followed by T-cell lymphoma (n = 18), mantle cell lymphoma (n = 6), and others (n = 5). Cell lineage, IPI, and extra-nodal involvement were predictors of prognosis. In the additive genetic model results for each IL10 polymorphism, the rs1800871 and rs1800872 polymorphisms represented a marginal association with OS (p = 0.09 and p = 0.06) and PFS (p = 0.05 and p = 0.08) in B-cell lymphoma patients treated with rituximab plus cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (R-CHOP). These findings suggest that IL10 polymorphisms might be prognostic indicators for patients with B-cell NHL treated with R-CHOP.

• 재활간호학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.234-242
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• 1999

The meaning of the study is in the following points. The first is to find the linguistic development of children through IQ test. The second is to find the family fostering factor for the linguistic development. For these meaning this study will have the following aims. 1) To judge the similarly agreement between the children lexical ability with the teachers evaluation to the children. 2) To compare the gender differences of lexical abilities between the urban with the rural. 3) To find the family fostering factors for the children linguistic development. The collection data has been from April 13, 1999 to April 27. The subjects for this study were two grade of elementary school, which is located in "K" city and "O"rural a chosen students(273), teachers(5), parents(176). The instruments used for this study were IQ test by Korea Behavioral Science institute and family fostering environment 25 items. Teachers linguistic evaluation. The data analysis was done using Pearson's Correlation Coefficient, t-test, ANOVA using SPSS/pc program. This study found following results. 1) The similarly agreement degree between children lexical abilities with teachers comprehending evaluation maler r= .745, female r=0.809 The similarly agreement degree between children lexical abilities with teachers expressing evaluation, male r= .657, female r= .797(P<.01) 2) In comparing of the gender difference of urban, the femail is a little high than male(t= .5065), but the especial point is more large difference in male than in female. In comparing of the gender difference of rural, the female is especial high than the male(t=-4.411). (P<.01) 3) The higher factor of influencing the linguistic development is the breast-feeding(r=-.3279) in all the gender(P<.01), So that the brast-feeding better than cow's milk, mother better than the other family members in feeding, 6~8months better than one or two years in feeding term.

• 복식
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• 제50권5호
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• pp.117-130
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• 2000

The purpose of this thesis is to offer basic data for clothing design which is intended to apply appropriate shape and capacity to clothes. The following are the analyzed results of an investigation which was conducted to characterize the upper half of the female body of 193 women whose ages are 18 to 25, taking part in this investigation. According to the results of analyzing young women's bust, I came to find a large individual difference of the wide varying factor numbers at the items of the side feature, the body stance, and the dart quantity. For the analysis of the female's upper body, 11 factors are used. The are as follows: Factor 1. width of the bust Factor 2. height of the bust and length of the arm Factor 3. side thickness of the bust and the upside type Factor 4. length of the bust on the front Factor 5. length of the bust on the back Factor 6. salient ratio of the breast Factor 7. width of the neck. the armhole, and measurement of the droop Factor 8. length of the shoulder Factor 9. flat ratio of the bust Factor 10. inclination of the shoulder factor 11. form of the back The shape of young women's upper bodies can be divided into four groups. The character ization of each group are as follows : Group 1 . 28.5% of the women who take part in this investigation belong to Group 1 These women have the shortest body, with a longer length of the front than the back and more thickness on the front than the back. Group 2. 21.1% of the women who take part in this investigation belong to this group. They show a longer length of the back and more thickness of the back than the front. In addition, this group is bent forward. Group 3. This group is the mast common type, showing the shortest and thickest character. 37.8% of the women who take part in this investigation have this bust character Group 4. 12.4% of the women belong to Group 4. They possess the highest and fattest character, skewing smaller necks, armholes, and waists than the other groups. This group also shows the drooping shoulders.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.138-144
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• 2010

안면홍조는 폐경기 초기 많은 여성들에게 나타나는 증상이다. 정확한 원인은 밝혀지지 않았지만 혈중 에스트로겐 수치가 낮아졌을 때 안면홍조 증상이 나타나기 때문에 에스트로겐을 기본으로 한 호르몬 요법이 수년간 안면홍조 증상치료의 중심이었다. 그러나 호르몬 요법이 유방암, 뇌졸중 등의 발생 위험도를 증가시킨다는 연구 결과가 발표된 이후 많은 보건의료인들은 호르몬 요법 대신 사용 가능한 다른 치료제에 관심을 보이고 있다. 본 연구는 venlafaxine의 안면홍조 증상 치료효과에 대한 최신 지견을 얻고자, 1990년부터 2010년 7월까지 MEDLINE에 등재된 논문을 Hot flashes와 Venlafaxine이라는 MeSH terms로 검색하여 추출한 자료 중에서 대조군이 사용된 무작위 배정 및 이중맹검 임상연구 사례만을 선별하여 임상적 유용성을 평가하였다. 현재 venlafaxine은 안면홍조 증상 치료제로 허가된 의약품은 아니지만 최근 여러 국가에서 시행된 연구들은 venlafaxine이 효과적인 안면홍조 증상 치료제일 수 있다는 결과를 보여주고 있다.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.67-77
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• 2010

Stand structure and spatial associations of the dominant tree species in Quercus mongolica stands were investigated to understand interspecific relationships and the persistent dominance of Q. mongolica. We examined the species composition, DBH (diameter at breast height) distribution, and spatial distribution of trees (${\geq}\;2.5\;cm$ DBH) in two permanent $100\;m\;{\times}\;100\;m$ plots in Q. mongolica-dominant stands on the western part of Mt. Jiri. Ripley's K-function was used to characterize the spatial patterns and associations of dominant tree species. Q. mongolica showed a continuous and reverse-J shaped DBH distribution with clumped spatial distribution in both study sites. Q. mongolica and Abies koreana exhibited a negative association implying potential interspecific competition. The positive spatial association between Q. mongolica and Alnus hirsuta var. sibirica and Fraxinus sieboldiana were affected by site characteristics: limited habitat conditions with a large proportion of rock surface. Our results suggest that interactions among species were complex and ranged from positive to negative. Differences in stand and site characteristics and regeneration mechanisms among the species play an important role in regulating their spatial distribution patterns, while competition between individuals also contributes to spatial patterning of these communities. The high density and the early developmental stage of spatial distribution and structural characteristics of Q. mongolica and the relatively low importance values of other species in the stands imply that Q. mongolica will remain dominant in the study sites in the near future.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권12호
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• pp.4995-5000
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• 2014

Background: Cancer constitutes a key pressure on public health regardless of the economy state in different countries. As a kind of highly malignant epithelial tumor, lacrimal gland adenoid cystic carcinoma can occur in any part of the body, such as salivary gland, submandibular gland, trachea, lung, breast, skin and lacrimal gland. Chemotherapy is one of the key treatment techniques, but drug resistance, especially MDR, seriously blunts its effects. As an element of the 60S large ribosomal subunit, the ribosomal protein L39-L gene appears to be documented specifically in the human testis and many human cancer samples of different origins. Materials and Methods: Total RNA of cultured drug-resistant and susceptible lacrimal gland adenoid cystic carcinoma cells was seperated, and real time quantitative RT-PCR were used to reveal transcription differences between amycin resistant and susceptible strains of lacrimal gland adenoid cystic carcinoma cells. Viability assays were used to present the amycin resistance difference in a RPL39-L transfected lacrimal gland adenoid cystic carcinoma cell line as compared to control vector and null-transfected lacrimal gland adenoid cystic carcinoma cell lines. Results: The ribosomal protein L39-L transcription level was 6.5-fold higher in the drug-resistant human lacrimal gland adenoid cystic carcinoma cell line than in the susceptible cell line by quantitative RT-PCR analysis. The ribosomal protein L39-L transfected cells revealed enhanced drug resistance compared to plasmid vector-transfected or null-transfected cells as determined by methyl tritiated thymidine (3H-TdR) incorporation. Conclusions: The ribosomal protein L39-L gene could possibly have influence on the drug resistance mechanism of lacrimal gland adenoid cystic carcinoma cells.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.1093-1101
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• 2009

To provide basic data to manufacture superior brassieres, we performed a survey on the wearing and buying habits, and preference of functions and materials of brassieres for 189 women subjects in their twenties. The results of this research are as follows; Style and size are the most important in purchasing brassieres. Flat breasted and sagging breasted subjects were dissatisfied in the fit of the upper cup. 70% of the subjects were ignorant of their brassiere size. Sagging breasted subjects were less satisfied with smoothness, softness, and weight when wearing their bras in comparison with the other types. Conical type breasts were common amongst women in their 20s. They are more likely to wear size 75A and 80A where the full bust girth is 10cm larger than the under-bust. They preferred demi cup brassieres with thin or moderate padding to full cup brassieres with thick padding. On the other hand, 56.8% of subjects wore brassieres all day. The subjects were dissatisfied with the slipping down of the shoulder straps. Large-breasted subjects were concerned more with dampness and the fit on the center front of the brassiere, and brassieres with too thick padding had a poor fit on the center front. Sports-brassieres which fit close to the skin and used stretchable fabric caused more itching and dampness and dissatisfaction in removal of the brassiere.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.66-78
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to minimize the forest disturbance around an entry road of a power transmission tower construction site between Taean and Sinsesan, Chungnam. The main study field was classified into existing materials and a GIS, remote sensing analysis, and a field examination. This information was used to identify the most suitable entry road using a degree of green naturality map, eco-naturality map, actual vegetation map, and a forest state map as the existing materials. Also, the study used an normalized difference vegetation index, altitude and slope map in order to make the evaluation materials which used an remote sensing image, and GIS. This data was used to choose an optimum area, and diagnosed the current condition of the vegetation with a field survey of the area. It analyzed vegetation structure, species diversity, the age of trees in a field examination. Subsequently, we proposed four area types based on the analysis results--preservation area, transplantation area, restoration area and development area. As a result, the preservation area was categorized into 8 grades, according to the degree of green naturality, large area of breast diameter at Pinus densiflora community, competition area of Pinus densiflora and Quercus spp. and Quercus spp. community of over 20 years old. A transplantation area established 46 optimum areas according to the GIS analysis and vegetation investigation results. Vegetation restoration plan for disturbance area should be made based on ecological value of existing vegetation to worthwhile area as Quercus spp. mixing forest proposed. The development area selected a ecological worthless place as an artificial forest where Pinus densiflora and Pinus thunbergii growth is poor. This research results suggest that restoration of vegetation will be possible in the real world. Also, ecological restoration guidelines will be made through building and analyzing data base and routine monitoring of transplantation and restoration area.