• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.99-117
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• 2019

Environmental impact assessment (EIA), which predicts, evaluates, and manages the influences on natural landscape, plays a role of monitoring natural resources for systematic management of natural landscape. However, the function of verification and correction of the system is still insufficient and feed-back, one of the most important features of EIA follow-up, has not been introduced in Korea's EIA system yet. As a procedure, it is required to check if the opinions of the evaluators are properly reflected to the outcomes of the project through a reviewing process after assessing environmental impacts of a development project. In reality, despite the awareness about the importance of follow-up inspection of the conformity with, the system mainly focuses on the agreement during the planning stage of the development project and fails to continuously manage after its completion. There have been various preceding studies related to prediction, evaluation, and management of environmental impacts on natural landscape for better management. They primarily dealt with the problems in the EIA process and suggested improvement measures, including directions for institutional development, step-by-step goals, and operation methods, to address the problems which arise in the EIA follow-up process. However, suggested measures are not actively applied with the focus only put on institutional operation, there are virtually no standardized methods to predict and assess landscape changes due to the development project and to manage landscape after the project. Against this backdrop, this study aims to explore the existing methods to analyze the impacts natural landscape and to establish a system where landscape management is continued after the development project. To this end, we will suggest reducing methods according to the predicted changes in landscape for post-project management of natural landscape. Characteristics of reduction methods by project type were examined through reviewing the guide to natural landscape rating and the importance of development project impacts on natural landscape by type of reduction was evaluated through questionnaire for experts. Evaluated types of reduction are classified and presented by characteristics of each development project and content of reduction type.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.132-141
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• 2020

This study is a basic study of the stone cultural landscape resources of Jeju Island with the value of world heritage. It has the ultimate purpose of providing basic resources for the advantages of various Jeju local resources and future conservation and management. Literature research and field survey were conducted to derive the landscape characteristics of Jeju stone cultural resources. and Research for recognition of stone cultural resources and image analysis were performed in parallel. Accordingly I would like to consider the recognition of the Jeju stone cultural landscape held by Korean and Chinese. As a result of the research, Stone is a typical local resource in Jeju, and the greatest feature of the stone was its natural nature. and In the image of the cultural resources of stone, he highly appreciated the image of "Harmonious", "Attractive" and "Unaffected". Recognized Field walls as "Beautiful" and Dolhareubang as "Familiar". And the most preferred stone cultural resources in Korea and China are surveyed in order of Field walls and Dolhareubang, and you can see that there is a difference between them in the evaluation.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.57-65
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• 2016

This study was conducted a visual landscape resources inventory and grade assessment on natural resources and cultural resources of Chiaksan National Park. Landscapes of National Parks are categorized into four types: seascape, mountain landscape, village landscape, and temple historical landscape. Landscape lists were constructed for each district for a total of 120 lists through field research on 7 trails. The landscape list per trail has Guryong~Birobong(31%), Seungnam~Namdaebong(22%), Geumdae~Namdaebong(16%), Bugok~Hanenggu(165), Hwanggol~Ipseoksa(6%), Hyangrobong~Nandaebong(5%) and Godeunjae~Wontonggol(4%). Landscape Assessment items were divided into five characteristics of view, unique, use, history culture, natural reflected by item. Items were divided into three grades of landscape by 4, 3, 2, 1 for each item of the assessment criteria and Delphi survey. Mountain landscapes were assessed in I grade of 72 sites, II grade of 26 sites, III grade of 7 sites. Temple Historical landscapes were assessed in I grade of 4 sites, II grade of 7 sites, III grade of 4 sites. The study results can be used as a basis for mountain parks management. It is necessary to focus on managing the landscape of I grade site. The higher ratings of the Mountain landscapes are related to the view and natural score. Also, the grading of Temple Historical landscapes is related to the history cultural, natural and use score. In addition, the mountain landscape were identified as being included outside landscape resources, the place of landscape resources with outside ratings were higher and the view was related. Landscape management is needed for the conservation of Mountain landscape and Temple Historical landscape type rating as excellent areas on the basis of the results of the inventory and assessment. For future improvement the Guryong-Birobong trail is judged as a harmonious representative landscape of the Mountain and Temple Historical landscape and will require conservation as a focus management area. In the case of Mountain landscape improvements, maintenance such as pruning trees, wood observatory and interpretation sign for a landscape with minimal inhibitory landscaping is needed. When installing artificial facilities in the Temple Historical landscapes, the use of materials harmonizing with the surroundings landscape must be considered as well as the standards of facilities limitation.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.33 no.1 s.108
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• pp.58-70
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• 2005

Management practices and ordinances for urban scenic view protection are varied by cities because they have their distinctive nature and social environment. Therefore landscape management methods for urban scenic views are generally varied by the characteristics of city landscape and ordinance. This case study for scenic view protection practices in U.S.A. is very meaningful and appropriate because cities initiate a plan and/or an ordinance to manage urban scenic view in Korea. Urban scenic view protection methods were analyzed based on followings: 1) how to select scenic view resources and define spatial areas for preserving them, 2) how to control building height, open view corridor and guide landscaping and 3) how to carry out view protection methods and organize them in laws or ordinances. Findings of this study will be applied usefully in the development of urban scenic view protection methods in Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.25-32
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• 2013

This study aims to suggest the improvement strategy of law-system for rural landscape planning. The results are as follows. First, for the establishment of the rural and fishing village landscape planning, it is necessary to change the concept of the scene into Landscape to watch from Landscape to feel from now on. Second, it is necessary to establish a rural and fishing village landscape planning of the local unit to manage the rural and fishing village landscape systematically. In addition, it is necessary to cooperate with the Scenic Conservation Act in contents of the basic planning when we perform rural and fishing village development business. Third, it is necessary to make an extra landscape management planning to consider local landscape resources to develop a rural and fishing village. Finally, with an improvement direction of the plan establishment, the action to practice and management in the future is necessary. This method may do wider public information with establishing the management mechanism of the rural and fishing village landscape.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.165-174
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• 2017

Four requirements for the operating and supporting system for sustainable landscape management will be discussed through this paper. The requirements are based on multiple case studies on the structure and the process of development of three organizations that have been contributing to the sustainable rural landscape management in Japan since 1989. The first requirement is that the residents should recognize regional problems and voluntarily organize a group which can properly deal with the problems. Secondly, members of the organization should have a solid grasp of the goal of their activities (or founding principal of the organization) and share it among themselves. Founding principal should include the history of natural circulation system in the area, cultural features and a future plan in association with human resources. Thirdly, the administration of the organization should be separated from the founder, the residents. The administration, such as business promotion, becomes more effective when consigned to a separate entity, not to the residents. Lastly, the interaction among separate entities is crucial to promote diverse activities for the local landscape management. The administrators and experts need to cooperate to draw a precise conclusion regarding the way of interaction. These requirements drawn from the Japanese case studies should be localized to the Korean circumstances for further adoption.

• 한국생태학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2002.08a
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• pp.71-77
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• 2002

For landscape ecological management of the isolated forestlands in Incheon city located in the western tip of South Korea, the forest vegetation of Mt. Cheolma was classified phytosciologically and mapped out its spatial distribution at a scale of 1:5,000. Characteristics of forest landscape structures were discussed in terms of the number and size of patches obtained by analyzing vegetation map. Units to manage the forest vegetation were categorized into eighteen communities, seventeen groups, and sixteen subgroups. Landscape elements were classified into five types: secondary vegetation, introduced vegetation for forestry (IVF), introduced vegetation for agriculture (IVA), and other elements. Two hundred and ninety-three forest landscape patches covers 443.3ha of which IVF accounted for 316.8ha(71.5%), the largest portion, secondary vegetation for f01.2ha(22.8%), IVA for 6.2ha(1.4%), and others for 19.1ha(4.3%). The ratio of natural forest elements of 31.9% showed that this area was mainly comprised of artificially introduced vegetation, such as Robinia pseudoacacia plantation and Pinus rigida plantation. Forest landscape patches have a mean area of 4.5ha, a density of 66.1/100ha, and a diversity index of 0.87. It was estimated that differentiation of patches recognized in community level would be related to human interference and those in subordinate level to natural processes.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.205-211
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• 2002

For landscape ecological management of the isolated forestlands in Incheon city located in the western tip of South Korea, the forest vegetation of Mt. Cheolma was classified phytosciologically and mapped out its spatial distribution at a scale of 1:5,000. Characteristics of forest landscape structures were discussed in terms of the number and size of patches obtained by analy zing vegetation map. Units to manage the forest vegetation were categorized into eighteen communities, seventeen groups, and sixteen subgroups. Landscape elements were classified into five types: secondary vegetation, introduced vegetation for forestry (IVF), introduced vegetation for agriculture (IVA), and other elements. Two hundred and ninety-three forest landscape patches covers 443.3ha, of which IVF accounted for 316.8ha(71.5$\%$), the largest portion, secondary vegetation for 101.2ha(22.8$\%$), IVA for 6.2ha(1.4$\%$), and others for 19.1ha(4.3$\%$). The ratio of natural forest elements of 31.9$\%$ showed that this area was mainly comprised of artificially introduced vegetation, such as Robinia pseudoacacia plantation and Pinus rigida plantation. Forest landscape patches have a mean area of 4.5ha, a density of 66.1/100ha, and a diversity index of 0.87. It was estimated that differentiation of patches recognized in community level would be related to human interference and those in subordinate level to natural processes.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.77-88
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• 1993

This study is a fundamental research to propose the preservation and management technique of urban skylines in case of Seoul City, and to find landscape resources that based on investigation of characteristics of urban landscape. The question are is designed for citizens' perception of urban landscaped. The results of this study is summarized as follows.; 1) The representative landscapes in Seoul City are chiefly Mt.Nam, Hand River, 63 Bldg, Kyungbokgung, Namdaemum, etc. The difference of the reasons of reasons of chosing for representative landscapes is that there must be a certain difference in direction of preservation and management of the landscape. 2) The ward which don't have obvious representative landscapes requires process survey and designation for representative landscapes, and technique for strenghtening them. 3) The major places of viewing the impressive or beautiful landscape are classfied into places of viewing whole Seoul City(ex;Mt.Nam, 63 Bldg, Seoul Toewr, MT.Kwanak, etc) and places of viewing Han River(ex;Youido Square, Olympic Road, Riverside parks of Han River etc). 4) For conservation and management of urban landscapes, it is requisitive for harmony of preservation and management technique between Seoul City and each ward.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture Conference
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• 2007.10b
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• pp.171-179
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• 2007

Ecotourism has a concept of conservation as a basis, for economic and social values are derived from the sustainable use of natural resources. This study aims to introduce natural landscape of the Cairngorms National Park in Scotland and to describe its conservation and tourism in the Park, in order to provide the implication of landscape conservation of National Parks in Korea. Although the National Parks of Scotland were officially established long after those of England and Wales, their important features had already been internationally recognised and designated as Sites of Special Scientific Interest(SSSI), National Nature Reserve(NNR), or National Scenic Area(NSA). These focus on landscape conservation and are managed by Scottish Natural Heritage(SNH). The Cairngorms National Park focuses on landscape conservation and recreation, and has been the subject of a number of initiatives attempting to assess landscape resource potential and its current and future management. This implies that a carefully preserved landscape has the effect of a tourism resource in which tourists look for novelty embedded in the typicality of the landscape of the National Park. The typical landscape which is conserved in the Cairngorms National Park is understood as both an objective representative and a subjective ideal involving the meaning of the landscape. This is implicit in the tourist booklet that promotes the sightseeing activities of tourists. It is thus important that National Parks should be focused both on managing landscape as well as promoting tourism.