• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제49권6호
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• pp.65-76
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• 2007

Studies in landscape ecology have emphasized on the relationship between landscape patterns and shapes. A variety of landscape metrics has been developed so far to quantify landscape structures. Therefore, their developments and widespread applications become possible with the advent of spatial information systems including geographic information systems(GIS) and remote sensing. This study is to grasp the change of land use and landscape ecology indices, and to analyze the change of landscape structure in a part of Gyeonggi-do during 15 years from 1985 to 2000. Green-area distribution maps and agricultural-area distribution maps for the analysis were reconstructed from land cover maps constructed by WAMIS(Water Management Information System). And then, 4 landscape ecology indices(TA, LPI, SHAPE_AM, CAI_MN) for the green-area and 5 landscape ecology indices(TA, PD, LPI, LSI, CAI_MN) for the agricultural-area were selected by using pearson correlation analysis. According to the spatio-temporal change analysis using landscape ecology indices, the green-area fragmentation of Yongin was the most severe of the study area and the agricultural-area fragmentation of Gwangju and Namyangju was more severe than any other regions.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.71-78
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is the practical application of landscape ecological indices to establishment of eco-village planning methodology. Planning an eco-village has to be carried out in the boundary of a small watershed that is defined by homogeneous ecological character. Because the small watershed is a landscape unit it can have unique ecological character. On this viewpoint, the spatial structure is analyzed by the ecological attributes of form, distribution arrangement and composition of the sub-landscape units. Among all of the sub-landscape units, a green tract of land is the main subject of the analyzing entity. Woodland or forest as a green tract of land is a source of biological species and materials. Therefore the ecological attributes of green patches are especially analyzed by landscape ecological indices. The selected landscape ecological indices are elongation, lobes, interior area ratio, convolution of perimeter and proximity of the green patches. These indices represent the state of ecological conditions and they will be the evaluation factors of the landscape ecological planning. These frameworks for landscape ecological planning apply to Obok and Ganggeum villages in Wanju-gun, Korea. A proposed planning was evaluated by the selected landscape ecological indices. Among the selected landscape ecological indices of green patches, perimeter convolution and proximity were increased. It means that the ecological condition of peen paches will be mon sound and green areas of the village will be expanded naturally. In addition to this connectivities among green patches will also be improved.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.69-79
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• 2008

경관지수는 면적 및 밀도, 모양, 중심지, 고립 및 접근, 접촉 및 산포, 연결성 등 경관생태의 공간적 구조와 패턴에 관한 다양한 정보를 제공해 준다. 현재 100개 이상의 경관지수가 개발되어 많은 연구들에 이들이 사용되고 있다. 그러나 경관지수는 공간해상도 및 분석범위 등 분석 스케일에 따라 다른 결과를 도출할 수 있어서 오류의 가능성을 가지고 있다. 이 연구는 경관지수의 스케일 민감성을 검토하여 우리나라의 복잡한 경관생태에서 비교적 안정적 결과를 도출하는 지수들을 선별하였다. 이를 위해 서울의 5개 연도 - 1985, 1991, 1996, 2000 및 2003년 - Landsat TM/ETM+ 영상을 이용하여 20 범주의 셀 크기와 41 범주의 분석범위에 대해 FRAGSTATS에 탑재된 54개 클래스 수준 지수의 민감성을 검토하였다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 54개 클래스 수준 지수 중 19개 지수가 스케일 변화에 안정적인 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 단편화 정도가 지수의 민감성에 영향을 미치며, 녹지비율 $40{\sim}50%$를 기준으로 지수반응 패턴이 변하는 현상이 발견되었다. 셋째, 국내 관련연구에서 빈번히 이용된 16개 지수 중 6개만이 우리나라의 복잡한 경관생태에서 안정적인 결과를 도출하였는데, 이는 단편화 정도 및 녹지비율에 따라 세심한 지수 선정이 필요함을 보여주고 있다.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제99권6호
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• pp.777-784
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• 2010

본 연구는 산림경관의 현재수준을 평가하여 일련의 등급으로 구분하고 각 상황에 부합하는 관리전략을 수립, 실행할 수 있도록 평가지표를 개발하고자 수행되었다. 이를 위해 전문가를 대상으로 심층인터뷰 및 이메일설문조사 등의 정성적, 정량적 연구방법을 적용하여 과학적이며 객관적인 산림경관평가지표를 개발하고자 하였다. 전문가 의견수렴 결과 도출한 최종 산림경관등급화 평가지표는 '생태적 건강성'(녹지자연도, 생태자연도, 병 해충 피해수준, 수관활력도), '경관성'(자연성, 조화성, 다양성, 전통성, 심미성, 희귀성), '민감도'(관광휴양이용수준), '방해요소'(훼손지, 인공구조물) 등의 4개 범주, 총 13개 지표가 선정되었다. 또한 산림경관 평가 등급의 수는 5개로 구분하는 것이 가장 적절한 것으로 조사되었다.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.117-127
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• 2002

This study tested the usefulness of landscape indices for quantifying forest fragmentation due to linear development projects. Research was carried out in the middle-upper Nakdong River watershed, which has been affected by the expressway building, or national road-widening. Landscape indices were calculated from the forest cover maps before and after road-building using FRAGSTATS 3.1. We could successfully demonstrate the forest fragmentation based on landscape indices; (1) patch size decreased, and edge density and patch density increased (2) roads simplified patch shapes, especially in the larger patches, (3) patch core area size decreased, and core area density increased, (4) the distance increased between the focal patch and each of the other patches within the search radius (=1km) as a result of roads. We suggest several important needs for future researches, including continued investigation of scaling issues, development of indices that measure specific components of spatial pattern, and study of the relationships between forest fragmentation and ecological processes.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.21-32
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• 2009

Coastal sand dune area is the important ecosystem as an ecotone which located between coastal area and terrestrial area. Moreover, it is very complicate landscape that have geomorphological interaction between erosion and accumulation of sand. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the sand dune ecosystem in view point of landscape scale including background landscape affecting origin of sand dune. Landscape ecological approach in the complicate ecosystem already started in developed countries, and it is applied to land management and biodiversity conservation strategies even in national scale. In this paper, landscape ecological analysis using landscape pattern analysis was carried out on 7 study areas (Yellow Sea : Hakampo and Doksan, South Sea : Namyeol and Balpo, East Sea : Hosan, Hupo and Goraebul) in Korean coastal sand dune ecosystem. Landscape elements were composed by 9 elements in these study areas. Major background landscape elements was the forest land and agricultural field. Namyeol (S06) has larger patch landscape compare to other areas. In patch shape indices, Hupo (E10) shows more complicate patch shapes. The high landscape heterogeneity showed in the Doksan sand dune area and that of Hosan. It shows that these areas were composed by various patch types. However, using landscape indices have to use very carefully because several variables have influence to the result such as scale and spatial pattern of study areas. Although landscape analysis through landscape indices shows sometimes difficult to explain the ecosystem, landscape scale approach on ecosystem assessment still useful to interpret in ecological process in large range of habitat.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.105-112
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• 1999

Landcover change is an important factor that changes structure and function of regional ecosystem. As the rise of concern on environment quality, many studies are trying to quantify and evaluate the landsacpe in recent days. In this study, using landscape indices with RS(Remote Sensing) and GIS(Geographic Information System) technology, spatio-temporal variations of areas and distribution of forest patches were examined in the Chonan from 1985 to 1996. Fragstats 2.0 was employed to analyze and compute 31 landscape indices from 52 landcover maps. A result of this study showed that area of forest and paddy decreased as a result of urban sprawl. Especially from 1993 to 1996, the change of land use progressed rapidly because of merging a city and a country in Chonan. The size of patch in forest had been smaller and irregular form, heterogeneity of size of forest patches within sub-basin increased, and variety of patch types around forest patches increased from 1985 to 1996.

• 한국지리정보학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.78-84
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• 2003

본 연구에서는 경북 봉화군을 대상으로 하여 지속가능한 토지이용을 위한 생태계정보를 추출하기 위하여 경관생태학적 방법에 의한 생태계의 종합적 건강성을 평가하였다. Landsat TM 위성영상을 가지고 봉화군에 대한 토지피복분류를 실시한 후, 산림지역에 대하여 경관지수를 적용하여 생태계 건강성에 대한 면별 비교평가를 실시하였으며, 그 결과를 정규식생지수(NDVI)와 비교하였다. 경관지수를 이용한 생태계 건강성 종합평가에서는 석포면, 재산면, 소천면이 가장 양호한 것으로 평가되어 지역의 생물종의 풍부도와 다양성이 높을 것으로 보여진다. 봉화읍은 10개 면 중에서 생태계 건강성이 가장 낮은 상태로 나타났다. 정규식생지수(NDVI)와 비교하였을 때, 재산면, 춘양면, 소천면의 수치가 가장 높고, 봉화읍의 수치가 가장 낮은 것으로 나와 춘양면을 제외한 결과는 생태계 건강성 종합평가와 비슷한 결과를 보여주었다. 앞으로 보다 많은 보완적인 연구가 필요하지만, 경관지수를 이용한 경관규모 생태계 평가기법은 지속가능한 토이지용과 관련한 생태계 정보를 제공할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.105-114
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• 2010

The principal objective of this study was to characterize the relationships between geographical conditions (e.g., island area, distance to mainland) and landscape structures of uninhabited islands, and to evaluate the effects of islands and their landscape structures on species richness. One hundred randomly selected islands and 5,000 m buffered areas derived from the boundaries of each island were used to summarize the number of observed bird species, and landscape pattern indices, particularly patch density, edge density, shape index, and mean nearest neighboring distance. Spatial arrangements of individual patch type at the class level, which are markedly affected by the distance from an island to the mainland, have a superior ability to explain the variances in species richness, as compared to the geographical conditions and landscape pattern indices at the landscape level. The results demonstrate that the patch type landscape structure is the primary factor affecting species richness, as well as the distance to the mainland. In particular, landscape pattern indices of cropland/pasture and woody cover are statistically significant in terms of explaining species richness, which suggests that food resources and appropriate conditions in landscape structures of habitat types are assumed as important elements in attracting bird species. This study also proposes the importance of evaluation on the landscape structure of each island, in order to designate protected areas and to establish a management plan for species conservation in uninhabited islands.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.79-87
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• 2007

The objective of this study was to delineate forest patches in the cities around the Geum-buk mountains at the north of the Geum River using multiplesatellite remote sensing data. Landsat visible and near-infrared satellite images obtained at multiple dates in the growing season were used to create a forest distribution map. Fragstats 3.3 was used to get the landscape indices delineating the distribution of forest patches. Additional ground truth data was used to assess the accuracy of the classification. Factor analysis was used to get the 26 landscape indices clustered into 4 factors. Factor I was labeled as' size of forest patches', factor II as 'fragmentation of forest patches', factor III as 'shape of forest patches', and factor IV as 'complexity of forest patches'. Factor I described large patches and their core area, while others did small patches and their shape and complexity. Cities including Cheonan, Gongju, Cheongyang, and Boryeong near the main ridge of the Geumbuk Mtns. had a small number of large-sized forest patches. However, cities including Taean, Seosan, Dangjin, Hongseong near the ridge of the western Geumbuk Mtns. had a large number of small-sized forest patches. Finally, this study showed that the region near the coast line in Chung-nam province has various types of forest patches having an irregular forest edge due to the elevation and slope lower than the one of the region far from the coast line which is near the ridge of the Geum-buk Mountains. Remote sensing data were useful to understand the distribution of forest patches, and landscape indices could be keys to delineate the relationship between forest patches. And the factor analysis, which simplified 26 landscape indices into 4 landscape patterns allowed us to understand the distribution and relationship of forest patches in an easy way.