• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.43 no.3
• /
• pp.27-42
• /
• 2015

This study reviews the current status of the Korean landscape resources survey and foreign cases in order to determine the meaning and importance of it. Several cases are compared based on the evaluation method, the evaluation criteria and the application plan. Twelve domestic cases of landscape resources survey are reviewed to understand the current status and limitations of the Korean status, and 5 foreign cases to determine the implications for the Korean system. As the result of the analysis, some implications are drawn for domestic landscape resource system. First of all, it is suggested to establish more objective criteria to evaluate and select landscape resources. Various values of landscape resources should be included into the criteria and more people, as well as experts, should participate to reflect local conditions. Secondly, the management for the landscape resources must be implemented continuously. It is important to introduce a periodic reassessment system and to construct and manage a database of the landscape resources. Lastly, the landscape resource system should be integrated into other programs such as an environmental impact assessment and landscape planning. For a better landscape resource management system and efficient evaluation, resources should be comprehensively managed including various landscape types. It is essential to establish supporting policies and legislation. This research covered only the current status of the landscape resource survey and reviewed a limited number of foreign cases. Despite these limitations, it is meaningful for showing the importance of landscape resource management and to suggest some future tasks for better landscape resources management.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
• /
• v.4 no.2
• /
• pp.39-57
• /
• 1995

The water quality model SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) was used in combination with GIS, Arc/Info and GRASS, to evaluate land use impacts in the Delaware River Basin in Pennsylvania. This paper describes application of GIS with the water quality model in the 250 square kilometer Brodhead Creek Watershed. Date used in water quality modeling include 1:250,000 digital elevation models (DEM), soil data, and monitored streamflow and curve numbers, and other input variables.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
• /
• v.20 no.1
• /
• pp.1-11
• /
• 2011

This study was carried out to suggest the baseline data necessary for vegetation restoration at riverine wetland within stream corridor. We used the prevalence index for wetland assessment by applying the method of weighted averages with index values based on five hydrophyte indicator status as defined by estimated probability occurred in wetland. We selected near nature and urbanized reach of Gap and Yanghwa streams as experimental site. Although two sites have some different disturbance and characteristics of watershed, they showed that similarity of vegetation community including three dominant species - Salix koreensis, Phragmites communis, Miscanthus sacchariflorus - was very high. But in case of Yanghwa stream, various kinds of emergent plants along wetted condition were distinctly occurred, resulted from difference of hydrological regime and substrate, etc. Degree of naturalness of vegetation at the sampled areas indicated that near nature area of Gap stream and all area of Yanghwa stream were fitted as riverine wetland, while urbanized area of Gap stream has changed into upland condition. In conclusion assessment system using prevalence index would be considered an effective method for evaluating of natural states of riverine wetland, but further integrated consideration of physical, hydrological, and biological factors of stream process, and also with considering the difference between those qualitative data of vegetation community.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
• /
• v.22 no.4
• /
• pp.303-317
• /
• 2013

The purpose of this study is to offer the raw data for restoration and management of trails by assessing the physical environments, the types of deterioration and the naturalness on trails located in the Sogeumgang, Hwarang and Seoak districts of Gyeongju National Park, Korea. The Sogeumgang was 5.9m, 1.1m of the Hwarang and 1.8m of the Seoak district in trail width. In the bared width of trail, the Sogeumgang was 3.9m, 0.9m of the Hwarang and 1.7m of the Seoak district. In the depth of erosion, the Sogeumgang was 37.1cm, 14.2cm of the Hwarang and Seoak district. The Sogeumgang was $16.8^{\circ}$, $13.1^{\circ}$ of the Hwarang and $12.2^{\circ}$ of the Seoak district in longitudinal slope. In the left and right of transect slope, the Sogeumgang was $18.3^{\circ}$ and $12.6^{\circ}$, $18.0^{\circ}$ and $21.3^{\circ}$ of the Hwarang and $15.3^{\circ}$ and $22.7^{\circ}$ of the Seoak district. In the left, middle and right of soil hardness, the Sogeumgang was 29.9mm, 34.7mm and 31.1mm, 27.6mm, 35.0mm and 27.2mm of the Hwarang and 27.1mm, 30.8mm and 28.0mm of the Seoak district. The types of deterioration in trails were 10 types of the Sogeumgang, 11 types of the Hwarang and 9 types of the Seoak district. The trail erosion, rock exposure and root exposure were substantially observed in the types of deterioration. In the results of the naturalness assessment, the Hwarang district was a good condition, but the Sogeumgang district was bad. The indicators of the Sogeumgang district were mostly poor.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
• /
• v.32 no.3
• /
• pp.187-194
• /
• 2023

This study identified how users of Gwanghwamun Square perceive the space and derived the spatial attributes of Gwanghwamun Square. There are four spatial attributes of Gwanghwamun Square: preservation of the historical environment, beauty of the surrounding landscape, suitability as a resting place, and activation of recreation. The first attribute, preservation of the historical environment, refers to the spaces that reflect the unique characteristics of Gwanghwamun Square and resonate with culture, including the Blue House, Bukaksan Mountain, Gyeongbok Palace, Yukjo Street, King Sejong, and Yi Sun-sin. The second attribute, beauty of the surrounding landscape, is related to the provision of abundant greenery and natural environment without disturbing the surrounding landscape, and includes landscape, sky, and greenery. The third attribute, suitability as a resting place, refers to various landscape facilities and services to enhance visitor comfort, including tables, chairs, shade, planters, rest areas, and fountains. Finally, recreational activation. This is the provision of various experiences, including exhibitions, performances, experiences, and sightseeing. Utilizing the attributes of Gwanghwamun Plaza derived from this study, it will provide important implications for the reconstruction of Gwanghwamun Plaza if future studies on valuation and estimation of Gwanghwamun Plaza are conducted to verify the differences in preferences by type.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
• /
• v.26 no.2
• /
• pp.105-113
• /
• 2017

Recently mountain tourism has been promoted and introduction of railroads with utilizing mountain resources is being planned. With the government policies to increase the share of eco-friendly transportation on railroad, national double-tracking of single rail and improvement projects are on going. However, the eco-friendly railroad policy suggests the environmental impact assessment items only on air quality, water quality, geographical/geological features, fauna/flora, natural/environmental resources, noise/ vibration, and recreation/landscape. And for fauna/flora and natural/environmental resources, confirming the presence of environmental protection zone is enough to satisfy legal requirement. This study suggested to evaluate environmental/ecological values with quantitative data. Evaluation indices and evaluation items have been selected to provide the data. Each of the subject map and railroad network was overlapped. The study selected naturalness and diversity as major indicators and calculated weight values of the items under the indicators, which are to be usd for the selection of the sites for railway development. This assessment method could be applied to the environmentally friendly construction of railroads in the future.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
• /
• v.20 no.4
• /
• pp.29-42
• /
• 2017

As the "Guidelines for GHG Environmental Assessment" was revised, it pointed out that the developers should evaluate GHG sequestration and storage of the developing site. However, the current guidelines only taking into account the quantitative reduction lost within the development site, and did not consider the qualitative decrease in the carbon sequestration capacity of forest edge produced by developments. In order to assess the quantitative and qualitative effects of vegetation carbon uptake, the CASA-NPP model and satellite image spatial-temporal fusion were used to estimate the annual net primary production in 2005 and 2015. The development projects between 2006 and 2014 were examined for evaluate quantitative changes in development site and qualitative changes in surroundings by development types. The RMSE value of the satellite image fusion results is less than 0.1 and approaches 0, and the correlation coefficient is more than 0.6, which shows relatively high prediction accuracy. The NPP estimation results range from 0 to $1335.53g\;C/m^2$ year before development and from 0 to $1333.77g\;C/m^2$ year after development. As a result of analyzing NPP reduction amount within the development area by type of forest development, the difference is not significant by type of development but it shows the lowest change in the sports facilities development. It was also found that the vegetation was most affected by the edge vegetation of industrial development. This suggests that the industrial development causes additional development in the surrounding area and indirectly influences the carbon sequestration function of edge vegetaion due to the increase of the edge and influx of disturbed species. The NPP calculation method and results presented in this study can be applied to quantitative and qualitative impact assessment of before and after development, and it can be applied to policies related to greenhouse gas in environmental impact assessment.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.25 no.2
• /
• pp.31-42
• /
• 1997

Visibility has been used for Visual Impact Assessment and Buildingheight Control. The purpose of this study is to elaborate visibility analysis technique in GIS, and to design a visual information system baed on this technique for diverse application. The results of this study are as follows : 1) By classifying visibility analysis techniques into two groups, Each one's merits and demerits were investigated. Practically GIS visibility analysis by DTM model using contour map and investigating it by means of site-observation can be the most effective method. 2) A visibility analysis techniquwe for V.I.A. and B.H.C. was presented by studying GIS visibility analysis by means of DTM model using contour map. There were 5 problems. 3) Adequate analysis techniques were presented according to the landscape factor-road, ship-route, port, mountain, etc. 4) Viewing distance from road and ship-route in visual corridor, landma가 visibility and distance, the angle of incidence and invisible region's depth are helpful for land scape management or land use planning.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
• /
• v.20 no.6
• /
• pp.907-914
• /
• 2011

This study aims at monitoring the efficiency of wildlife corridor in the city of Sungnam, Gyunggi Province. During 2008-2010 for 13 months the CCTV in the city office followed number and population density using the wildlife corridor. Based on the monitoring Korean raccoon dog(Nyctereutes procyonoides) and water deer(Hydropotes inermis), Korean hare(Lepus coreanus), Korean yellow-weasel(Mustela sibirica), Korean squirrels(Sciurus vulgaris) used most often and counting 884 individuals.. This counts over 73% of targeted species and also verifies the project objectives. In future the monitoring should be increased and identify behavioral patterns focusing on ecological networks of previously fragmented habitats.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
• /
• v.4 no.2
• /
• pp.29-37
• /
• 1995

The national park should be preserved in accordance with the regulation, but the development planning or facilities management planning has not been faithful to the spirits of the regulation. Recently natural environment has been radically changed, and especially damaged by large scale development of Service Facilities Zone. Thus the effective land use planning of the national park is required. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to propose the alternative site for The Second Service Facilities Zone in Mt. Kyeryong National Park using the GIS, and to compare the alternative site with the existing development site. Site selection was based on Rules of Combination which covers topographic analysis, viewshod analysis, distance analysis from hot spring well, land use analysis, and forest stand analysis.