• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.1-16
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to identify the fragmented points of mountain ranges in Daegu metropolitan city using New Sangyeongpyo (Chart of Mountain Ranges), road system map and GIS spatial analysis, and to prioritize the identified fragmented points for restoration based on quantitative assessment. Moreover, this study proposes restoration plans reflecting the assessment results and characteristics of each fragmented point. The results of this study are summarized as follows: First of all, analysis of the distribution of mountain ranges in Daegu metropolitan city showed that jimaek and semaek in Daegu account for 2% of all mountain ranges in the country, implying that the mountain ranges of Daegu do not hold significant ranking on a national level. However, it was found that numerous fragmented points are appearing due to roads. According to the analysis, 35 fragmented points were identified, of which 15 were found to be restorable. In terms of restoration potential and involved risks, assessment results of the 15 fragmented points indicated that 6 points are at Grade I, 3 points are at Grade II and 6 points are at Grade III. Therefore, a methodology of restoring fragmented mountain ranges was proposed through three suggestions of restoration plans that consider the characteristics of each fragmented points. The results of this study are expected to be highly useful as basic data for effective restoration of mountain ranges in connection with mountain range restorations and relevant projects implemented on a national level in the future.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.34 no.5 s.118
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• pp.39-51
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• 2006

This study was carried out to provide guidance to environmental policy makers when deciding which assessment fields (biotic, abiotic, qualitative, functional) should have priority for ecological preservation and to develop an objective and scientific methodology by introducing the engineering concept of the fuzzy integral. The grant of weights was used the eigenvalues calculated by factor analysis, and the converted values of indicators were obtained in multiplying the arithmetic values and eigenvalues. The results of the appropriateness and reliability of assessment fields were examined over 0.6, and the results showed that the design of questionnaire presented no great problems. When the fuzzy integral was calculated to determine the rankings at ${\lambda}$=1, 2, 3, 4, 5, respectively, they were 0.646, 0.630, 0.943, 1.423, and 1.167 for the biotic field, 1.298, 1.400, 0.901, 0.580, and 1.456 for the abiotic field, 0.714, 0.674, 0.346, 0.674, and 1.610 in the qualitative field and 1.000, 0.973, 0.943, 1.024, and 1.008 in the functional field. The sensitivity to ${\lambda}$ value showed that ${\lambda}=4$ was the most suitable. In comparison with ${\lambda}=0$ (the arithmetic mean), the range of change was narrow. Because the range for ${\lambda}=4$ was narrower than my other values, ${\lambda}=4$ was sure to be available in ranking-decision. The fuzzy integral is expected to be a method for analyzing and filtering human thoughts. In the future, in order to overcome linguistic uncertainty and subjectivity, other fuzzy integral models including Sugeno's method, AHP, and so forth should be used.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.57-75
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to find ways of evaluating the suitability of sites being considered for development of different types of parks in the vicinity of yangmock-myun kyoung buk, where a large project(as large as about14.0$km^2$) has been planned. The results are as follows. Three surveys for selecting the assessment indicators were performed. ${\cdot}$ The first survey analyzed the importance of 23 selected assessment indicators based on a review of existing literature review and an on-the-spot research. ${\cdot}$ The second survey selected assessment indicators for each park type. ${\cdot}$ The third survey computed additive values of selected assessment indicators by the park types. It used a method of standardizing the average importance of indicators by making their sum equal to 10. These additive values were then multiplied by each grade of indicators to make a final evaluation. An evaluation of the site-suitability of park types was performed twice. The purpose of the first evaluation was to figure out how much each type met the minimum requirements targeted for all landscape types. The minimum requirements were derived by using a relative comparison between the standard of value rating of the assessment indicators, which was over the medium magnitude on the importance analysis, and the result of field research. A second evaluation estimated the targeted sites that met the minimum requirements. Value ratings of second assessment indicators were quantitatively divided as 1 to 3 grade and the evaluation scores were added, giving an additive value for each assessment indicator. The evaluation score on each park type was rated on a scale of 1 to 3 according to their averages, (from lowest to highest). Since this evaluation model of the site suitability on park types only focused on the 'face' of space in this study, additional analysis is necessary for setting the evaluation model and incorporating the overall impact of space, network connection and other factors, considering 'spot', 'line' and 'face' aspects of space.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.108 no.3
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• pp.454-467
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• 2019

This study proposed a forest landscape (patch) fragmentation monitoring framework using a cadastral forest land dataset and validated the feasibility of such monitoring. The following results were found. First, the forest landscape has fragmented too quickly. Hence, immediate national monitoring and management are required. Second, forest landscape monitoring should be linked to other survey frameworks. Horizontal fragmentation monitoring based on the forest landscape (geographic information system [GIS] polygons) is insufficient to determine ecological processes. Third, precautionary principle regulation to link forest landscape fragmentation monitoring to assessment systems such as environmental impact analysis or disaster impact analysis should follow.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.447-465
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to assess the sustainability in 45 cities of all over Gyeongnam and Gyeongbuk using weights and assessment system developed in leading research. The materials of assessment used statistical data and spatial data were standardized for the systematic result. The assessment score was established using the normal distribution from 25 to 125 for removal of the very smallest and maximum value. According to the results, Tongyeong was assessed the highest by 82.5 score in environmental sustainability index. In economical sustainability index, Pohang, Gumi, Changwon, Yangsan were more than 79 score but Busan, Daegu, Andong were less than 70 score. Ulsan, Geoje, Yangsan were assessed higher in society-institutional sustainability index and Jinju, Munkyeong, Changnyeong were showed higher than other cities by more 79 score in quality of life(QOL)'s sustainability index. In case of integrated sustainability index, Jinju that was the highest sustainability in QOL was assessed by first city. However, Ulsan was assessed the lowest city among others. Therefore cities which have high sustainability will prepare a politic investment program for maintaining current conditions. Cities which have low sustainability will grasp closely the environmental characteristics of urban and present the improvement direction through monitoring continuously. Overall, these results can be used as tools to assess the current cities and predict the future one. It is also necessary to establish a systematic urban planning for livable and sustainable city.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.1-10
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• 2006

Recently the concerns of landscape resources were on the increase about the landscape of control and landscape design. In order to this, purpose of this paper is to develop architectural landscape design data of individual house in Gangwon Provinces. The type of landscape in Donghae seaside consist of three; Road, Mountain, Seaside. And the type of images about individual housing are three; Western, Traditional, Modern. This research is analyzed 18-simulation scenes, factor analysis is used for the SPSS. The results of this study are as follows. First, the housing of western style do not correspond with landscape of Road, but landscape of mountain and seaside were suitable to the western style. Second, mountain in Donghae seaside harmonizes with housing of traditional style. Third, even though the housing of modern style were marked low assessment in three landscape, we found out relation, modern housing was well-matched load landscape. Finally, to improve of landscape housing, which will serve as systematic approach with association of clients, constructors, designers and public service personnel.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.129-143
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• 2002

This study was executed environmental assessment to determine whether or not the national landuse planning change on the reserved area for a rope way in the ice valley(Eoreurngol) of Miryang. The selected survery area is $1,633,442m^2$ and assessed with flora, actual vegetation, degree of green naturality(DGN), sere stage and wild birds. The flora was summarized as 132 taxa which is 90 genera, 117 species, 12 varieties and 3 forms. The actual vegetation was classified 24 types and nature forests like Quercus and deciduous-broad leaf community was distrubuted broadly. Especially Quercus and deciduous-broadleaf communities were assessed high rarity value in Miryang. From the analysis of DGN, it were found out that DGN 8 is 72.5% and DGN 9 is 3.9%. At the analysis of sere stage, the communities were divided 4 with Quercus mongolica, Pinus densiflora, Carpinus laxiflora and deciduous-broadleaf community. Wildbirds was observated as 30 species and 161 ea and Aix galericulata (natural monument no. 327) especially inhabited there. From the above nature ecosystem assessment, the survey area has high quality naturalness, so it was turned out that a rope way construction might be not suitable in survery area.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.105-114
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• 2010

The principal objective of this study was to characterize the relationships between geographical conditions (e.g., island area, distance to mainland) and landscape structures of uninhabited islands, and to evaluate the effects of islands and their landscape structures on species richness. One hundred randomly selected islands and 5,000 m buffered areas derived from the boundaries of each island were used to summarize the number of observed bird species, and landscape pattern indices, particularly patch density, edge density, shape index, and mean nearest neighboring distance. Spatial arrangements of individual patch type at the class level, which are markedly affected by the distance from an island to the mainland, have a superior ability to explain the variances in species richness, as compared to the geographical conditions and landscape pattern indices at the landscape level. The results demonstrate that the patch type landscape structure is the primary factor affecting species richness, as well as the distance to the mainland. In particular, landscape pattern indices of cropland/pasture and woody cover are statistically significant in terms of explaining species richness, which suggests that food resources and appropriate conditions in landscape structures of habitat types are assumed as important elements in attracting bird species. This study also proposes the importance of evaluation on the landscape structure of each island, in order to designate protected areas and to establish a management plan for species conservation in uninhabited islands.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.120-129
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• 2007

Rapid urbanization has transformed the spatial pattern of urban land use or cover. This paper concentrates that changed characteristics of landscape structure in the Tancheon Watershed, from 1995 to 2003 were investigated using land cover map. We used FRAGSTATS software to calculate landscape indices to characterize the landscape structure. We found that built up area has been increased rapidly during the study period, while cultivated area and forest area have been decreased rapidly in the same period. From 1995 to 2003, built up area was increased from 19.73% to 39.62% and cultivated area and forest area was decreased 17.60% to 5.97% and 58.31% to 49.41%. Number of patches, mean euclidean nearest-neighbor distance, contagion index, Shannon's diversity index increased considerably from 1995 to 2003, also suggesting the landscape in the study area became more fragmented and heterogeneous. but because of continuously fragmentation, landscape became homogeneity. The study demonstrates that landscape metrics can be a useful indicator in landscape monitoring and landscape assessment.

• Journal of the Regional Association of Architectural Institute of Korea
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.33-40
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• 2018

The coastal village in Woljeong-ri, Jeju is highly preferred by tourists because of its unique natural landscape different from inland areas. Especially, the number of buildings in the coastal area of the village is increasing due to escalating commercial value. Buildings are densely developed, along the seaside, resulting in privatization of coastal landscape. This results in blocking of landscape and psychological exchanges between the coastal village and coast. This study analyzed the actual conditions of coastal landscape before and after 2010, when the number of tourists and demand for development were increased in the coastal area of the coastal village in Woljeong-ri, Jeju. In this study, open index, visible horizontal index, elevation angle, elevation blockage and visible facade index were used to compute objective indicators of coastal landscape status. The analysis reveals visible facade index, a complex landscape assessment indicator, was increased by 7 times after 2010 as compared with before 2010. As such, there are many coastal villages in Jeju similar to Woljeong-ri that have a high landscape value and are in need of management. A comprehensive measure including a system for management of coastal landscape is urgently required to create narrative landscape in Jeju.