• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.19-28
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• 2010

Considering six screen matrix to select an optimum remediation method for the Kunsan military base contaminated with petroleum oil, the following order was obtained: landfarming > biopile > soil washing > thermal desorption = incineration. When the landfarming method was applied for the remediation of 2,250 $m^3$ soil contaminated with petroleum oil ranging from 500 to 2,404 mg/kg as TPH, contamination level decreased below target concentration 450 mg/kg after 20~42 days depending on the initial contamination. From the evaluation of case studies of landfarming, it is suggested that ratty-truss or single-arch structure is suitable in the landfarming plant for the treatment of large-scale contaminated soil requiring long period of remediation. But, vinyl-house structure is suitable in the landfarming plant for the treatment of small-scale contaminated soil requiring short period of remediation. Therefore vinyl-house structure is recommended in the remediation of contaminated soil less than 5,000 $m^3$ requiring within 1 year of remediation period but ratty-truss or single-arch structure is recommended for the remediation of contaminated soil more than 5,000 $m^3$.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.40-45
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• 2010

In this study, methane production by reuse of screened soil of landfill was estimated and the effect of application of landfarming for the reduction of methane was investigated. The study soil sampled from S closed landfill contains VS 9.8~12.8% and its BOD/COD is 0.31~0.33 which is more than three times over 0.1, the BOD/COD stabilization criteria of Ministry of Environment. The effective remediation technology for the reduction of organics of soil, landfarming was applied to the screened soil for 60 days. VS and TPH removal showed 5.2~8.3% and 67~74% respectively, and the reduction of VS until 30 day charged 70% of the total reduction. BMP test showed 27.77~30.46 mL $CH_4$/g VS and total methane production from total screened soil for remediation is expected about 260.4 $CH_4$ ton. Expected amount of methane production of the screened soil by landfarming application is 12.9 $CH_4$ ton, which shows 95% gas reduction effect and landfarming is effective for the reduction of methane production from screened soil of landfill.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2013

The landfarming treatment for the remediation of the petroleum contaminated soil at the returned U.S. Military bases was investigated in this study. Specifically, the bioaugmentation performance using various commercially available petroleum-degrading bacteria was evaluated and the directions for enhancing the performance of the landfarming treatment were suggested. The environmental factors of the soils at the returned U.S. Military bases chosen for remediation indicate that the landfarming treatment can be used as the remediation technique; however, the addition of nitrogen or phosphorus is required. The lab-scale landfarming treatment tests using the model soil and the site soil showed that the degradation efficiency was greater with the model soil than the site soil and that the treatment performance was not affected by the number of bacteria present in the soil in the range of $10^6-10^{12}$ CFU/g. These results suggest that the successful landfarming treatment depends on the petroleum degradability of bacteria used and the environmental conditions during the treatment rather than the number of petroleum-degrading bacteria used.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물공학회 2004년도 학술대회지
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• pp.107-125
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• 2004

A bioremediation of petroleum-contaminated soil in Korea was evaluated for the optimization of enhanced biodegradation and the minimization of effects of seasonal variations, The short-term bioremediation in combination of biopile pretreatment and landfarming was performed by lowering contaminated levels and overcoming the inhibiting factors in the rainy and winter seasons. A microbial density was maintained with indigenous microbial addition for bioaugmentation and with fertilizers for biostimulation. A lesser volatile and biodegradable fraction due to their abiotic removals following the biopile pretreatment was effectively removed by the laterally applied landfarming. The optimal temperature in greenhouse was maintained by buffering of the soil temperature even with slight decreases in removal rates during the winter and extensive leaching of nutrients and contaminants was restricted with adjusting the water contents during the Korean rainy season. Although the tilling process was effective for biodegradation with aeration only, the simultaneous treatment due to apparent mixing of nutrients and microbes more favorably degraded the petroleum than the sequential treatment.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.169-173
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• 2003

A treatability investigation was conducted to determine if landfarming would be effective for the remediation of unsanitary landfill waste soils. Calculations based on biodegradable organic carbon contents and initial CO$_2$ evolution rates revealed that landfarming has a high potential for landfill site remediation and that the optimum strategy for bioremediation is site-specific.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2004년도 총회 및 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.39-42
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• 2004

Landfarming and a microbial agent, Bioil-D, were used to treat diesel-contaminated soil. The microbial agent was applied to the contaminated soil in a concentration of 5$\times$10$^2$ cfu/soil(g) and the total amount of microbial agent, 210$\ell$, was sprinkled on the soil four times for 24 days during 50 day-remediation period. The remediation goal, lower than 800mg/kg of TPH, was achieved from 5, 707 mg/kg of TPH within 50 days. The total number and activity of indigenous microorganisms were increased by 100 times after the microbial agent, Bioil-D, was applied to the contaminated soil.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2005년도 총회 및 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.219-222
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• 2005

유류로 오염된 토양에 대해 토양경작법(Landfarming)을 적용하여 복원효율을 평가하였다. 복원 초기에는 주로 휘발에 의한 오염물질의 저감이 이루어졌으며, 이 후 미생물성장에 필요한 토양뒤집기와 질소원 영양물질의 공급으로 인해 미생물수가 복원초기에 비해 약 200배 증가하면서 약 30여일 경과 후 초기 20,000ppm에서 복원목표인 TPH의 토양오염우려기준 2,000ppm의 이하인 1,910ppm으로 감소하였다. 시간이 경과할수록 탄소원 섭취기질 부족으로 완만한 오염물질 감소속도를 나타내면서 최종적으로 TPH를 측정한 결과 1,288ppm으로서 제거효율 94%이상을 나타내었다.

• 한국건설관리학회논문집
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.3-9
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• 2016

가중사례기반추론 알고리즘을 이용하여 Excel VBA 기반의 개략비용 예측시스템을 개발하였다. 개발 시스템의 특징은 사례학습과 신규추정시 학습사례건수와 신규추정건수 만큼의 시트를 자동생성하며, 각각의 시트는 셀수식이 자동으로 입력되어 시스템의 활용성을 고려하였으며, 또한 영향인자를 최대 10개까지 선택이 가능하도록 하여 영향인자의 조합을 자유롭게 구성할 수 있도록 하였다. 개발한 비용예측시스템을 토양경작법 정화비용예측에 이용하여 토양정화 예측모델의 적용가능성을 검토하였다. 평균단가 예측모델은 물론 최적다중회귀 예측모델보다 개선된 결과를 확인하였다. 본 연구에서는 토양경작법을 대상으로 검토 하였으나 토양정화기술과 오염물질 종류 등 다양한 시나리오가 나타나는 토양정화사업분야에 사례기반추론을 이용한 비용예측모델은 향후 사례데이터 축적과 더불어 적용가능성이 커질 것으로 기대된다

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.94-103
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• 2016

Landfarming that supplies aerobic biodegradation condition to indigenous microbes in soils is a biological remediation technology. In this research, volatilization and biodegradation rate by indigenous microbes in the soil contaminated with total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) were measured. Soils were contaminated with diesel artificially and divided into two parts. One was sterilized by autoclave to remove indigenous microorganism and the other was used as it was. Various moisture contents and number of tillings were applied to the soil to find out proper condition to minimize volatilization and enhance bioremediation. Volatilization of TPH was inhibited and biodegradation was enhanced by increase on moisture content. Tilling was usually used to supply air for microbes, but tillings did not affect the growth of microbes in our study. Enough moisture content and proper aeration are important to control volatilization in landfarming. Also, TPH degradation was a function of the microbe counts (x₁), numbers of tilling (x₂), and moisture content (x₃) from the application of the response surface methodology. Statistical results showed the order of significance of the independent variables to be microbe counts > numbers of tilling > moisture content.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.112-122
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• 2023

오염 토양의 생태적 기능을 회복하고 토양이 제공하는 생태적 서비스를 최대화하기 위해서는 오염물질에 의한 독성이나 위해성 외에도 토양생태계의 기능적인 측면인 생물서식처, 영양분 순환, 완충작용등과 같은 토양의 건강성을 고려하여야 한다. 본 연구에서는 정화토양의 건강성을 정량적으로 평가하는 방법을 제시하고 세척처리 및 토양경작처리 토양에 적용하여 제안한 평가방법의 적용 가능성을 살펴보았다. 토양의 생산성, 서식처, 수분보유능, 물질순환능, 완충능, 탄소보유능 등으로 토양 건강성 평가항목을 선정하고, 평가지표로 식물 성장, 지렁이 성장, 수분보유능, 미생물활성도, 양이온교환용량, 유기물함량 등을 활용하였다. 본 연구결과 오염물질 정화 후에도 토양 건강성이 온전히 회복되지 않는 것으로 나타났는데, 오히려 세척 토양의 경우와 같이 정화 전보다 건강성이 떨어지는 경우도 발생하였다. 반면에 유류 오염으로 인한 토양질의 변화는 크게 없는 반면, 토양건강성은 나빠지는 것으로 나타났으며, 경작처리 후 다소 개선된 토양질과는 달리, 토양 건강성은 여전히 회복하지 못한 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 본 연구 결과 오염과 정화과정 중에 토양의 정화 효과를 평가할 경우에는 토양질과 토양건강성을 함께 고려하는 것이 바람직함을 보여 주었다. 정화 토양의 지속 가능한 이용 및 생태계 서비스 증진을 위해 본 연구에서 제시된 정화 토양의 건강성 평가 방법이 유용하게 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.