• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.103-111
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to review foreign scenic inventory map for the systematic management of natural scenic resources. Several foreign cases were surveyed and analyzed to apply the scenery inventory map in domestic, such as Visual Resource Management(VRM) from United States Bureau of Land Management, Scenery Management System(SMS) from USDA Forest Service and Visual Landscape Inventory(VLI) from British Columbia Ministry of Forest's, that were already established scenery inventory maps. The results are as follows. First, the characteristic of Korean landscape is quite a different from those of north american's, which is much smaller and more complex in topography and land use. So, it would be difficult to apply foreign system directly and we need more researches to our own system. The multi-stepped landscape unit system is highly recommended. Second, scenic quality could be estimated by the pre-built database, such as land forms, vegetation, hydrology and land uses. Historical and cultural attributes should be complemented. Third, existing scenic integrity could be grasped by scenic damage, landscape alteration caused by human activities and land exfoliation. Also, subjective evaluation method should be supplemented by objective criteria through further detailed studies. Finally, about landscape view conditions, landscape control points should be surveyed and established in advance, and viewing distance, viewing frequency, amount of observers and public interests should be considered.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• v.1
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• pp.368-371
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• 2006

A coastline is the boundary between land and ocean masses. Knowledge of coastline is essential for autonomous navigation, geographical exploration, coastal erosion monitoring and modelling, water line change, etc. Many methods have been researched to extract coastlines from the synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and optic images. Most methods were based on the intensity contrast between land and sea regions. However, in these methods, a coastline detection task was very difficult because of insufficient intensity contrast and the ambiguity in distinguishing coastline from other object line. In this paper, we propose an efficient method for the delineation of coastline using interferometric coherence values estimated from ERS tandem pair. The proposed method uses the facts that a tandem pair of ERS is acquired from a time interval of an accurate day and that the coherent and incoherent values in coherence map are land and water, respectively. The coherence map was generated from ERS tandem pair, filtered by MAP filter, and divided into land and water by the determination of threshold value that is based on the bimodality of the histogram. Finally, a coastline was detected by delineating the boundary pixels. There was a good visual match between the detected coastline and the manually contoured line. The interferometric coherence map will be helpful to identify land and water regions easily, and can be used to many applications that are related with a coastline.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.541-550
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• 2013

Noise is defined to be unwanted (or undesirable) sounds, and it can be subdivided into occupational and environmental noises. The occupational noise is largely emitted from workplaces, but the environmental noise is produced from various sources such as transportation, construction, and even neighborhood. Transportation, particularly road vehicles, has been recognized to play a major role in emitting environmental noise and having adverse effects on urban communities. Considering this issue, this research investigated how severe the impacts of road traffic noise on a variety of land uses in a highly urbanized area, Fulton County, Georgia, United States. Daytime and nighttime road traffic noise maps were derived with Traffic Noise Model that was developed by Federal Highway Administration at United States Department of Transportation. Individual noise maps were overlaid on three-tiered land use type maps in order to evaluate the magnitude of noise impacts on the study area, as a noise exposure assessment. This study found that many land use parcels and buildings were exposed to noise levels exceeding the guideline values of the World Health Organization and the Atlanta Code of Ordinance. Therefore, it would be required to take an action that can protect many urban residents from ill effects of road traffic noise.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.7-27
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• 2006

When cadastre system was first introduced in Korea, we only uses the surface of the land and thus its form was very simple. Nowadays on account of the development of architectural technology, the rapid expansion of population and urbanization, the cubic utilization of land including the land usage of underground and surface space is widely settled. This article studies the function of cadastre and public notice to encourage cubic utilization of the land, argues the necessity of 3D-cadastre system to protect property right, and suggests the GPS land measurement as a possible measure.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2023.05a
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• pp.185-185
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• 2023

Agricultural water demand is considered as the major sector of water withdrawal due to irrigation. The majority part of the global agricultural field depends on various irrigation techniques. Therefore, a timely and sufficient supply of water is the most important requirement for agriculture. Irrigation is implemented in different ways in various land surface models, it can be modeled empirically based on observed irrigation rates or by calculating water supply and demand. Certain models can also calculate the irrigation demand as per the soil water deficit. In these implementations, irrigation is typically applied uniformly over the irrigated land regardless of crop types or irrigation techniques. Whereas, the latest version of Community Land Model (CLM) in the Community Terrestrial Systems Model (CTSM) uses a global distribution map of irrigation with 64 crop functional types (CFTs) to simulate the irrigation water demand. It can estimate irrigation water withdrawal from different sources and the amount or the areas irrigated with different irrigation techniques. Hence, we set up the model for the simulation period of 16 years from 2000 to 2015 to analyze the global irrigation demand at a spatial resolution of 1.9° × 2.5°. The simulated irrigation water demand is evaluated with the available observation data from FAO AQUASTAT database at the country scale. With the evaluated model, this study aims to suggest new sustainable scenarios for the ratios of irrigation water withdrawal, high depending on the withdrawal sources e.g. surface water and groundwater. With such scenarios, the CFT maps are considered as the determining factor for selecting the areas where the crop pattern can be altered for a sustainable irrigation water management depending on the available withdrawal sources. Overall, our study demonstrate that the scenarios for the future sustainable water resources management in terms of irrigation water withdrawal from the both the surface water and groundwater sources may overcome the excessive stress on exploiting the groundwater in major river basins globally.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.691-703
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• 2003

In this paper, a new and integrated approach easily used to calculate the pollutant loads from agricultural watersheds is suggested. Basic concepts of this empirical tool are based on the hypotheses that variations in event mean concentrations(EMCs) of the pollutants from a given agricultural watershed during rainstorms are only due to the rainfall pattern. This assumption would be feasible to agricultural watersheds whose land uses does not change during the cultivation period overlapped by rainy season and also in which point-sources of the pollutants are rare. Therefore, if EMC data sets through extensive sampling from various rural areas are available, it is possible to establish relationships between EMCs, shapes and land uses of the watersheds, and rainfall events. For this purpose, fifty one sets of EMC values were obtained from nine different watersheds, and those data were used to develop predictive tools for the EMCs of 55, COD, TN and TP in rainfall runoff. The results of the statistical tests for those formulas show that they are not only fairly good in predicting actual EMC values of some parameters, but also useful in terms of calculating pollutant loads on any time-spans such as the day of rainfall event or weekly, monthly, and yearly. Their applicability was briefly demonstrated and discussed. Also, the unit loads calculated from EMCs based on different land uses and real rainfall data over one of the watershed used for this study. were provided, and they are compared with other well-known unit loads.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.28 no.2B
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• pp.215-224
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• 2008

The effect of streamflow considering future land use change and vegetation index information by climate change scenario was assessed using SLURP (Semi-distributed Land-Use Runoff Process) model. The model was calibrated and verified using 4 years (1999-2002) daily observed streamflow data for the upstream watershed ($260.4km^2$) of Gyeongan water level gauging station. By applying CA-Markov technique, the future land uses (2030, 2060, 2090) were predicted after test the comparison of 2004 Landsat land use and 2004 CA-Markov land use by 1996 and 2000 land use data. The future land use showed a tendency that the forest and paddy decreased while urban, grassland and bareground increased. The future vegetation indices (2030, 2060, 2090) were estimated by the equation of linear regression between monthly NDVI of NOAA AVHRR images and monthly mean temperature of 5 years (1998-2002). Using CCCma CGCM2 simulation result based on SRES A2 and B2 scenario (2030s, 2060s, 2090s) of IPCC and data were downscaled by Stochastic Spatio-Temporal Random Cascade Model (SST-RCM) technique, the model showed that the future runoff ratio was predicted from 13% to 34% while the runoff ratio of 1999-2002 was 59%. On the other hand, the impact on runoff ratio by land use change showed about 0.1% to 1% increase.

• Journal of the Korean Professional Engineers Association
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.55-58
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• 2008

GPS is the global Navigation Satellite System which is developed by the United States Department of Defense as an abbreviation of the Global Positioning System. The GPS uses a constellation of 24 Medium Earth Orbit satellites that transmit precise microwave signals, that enable GPS receivers to determine their location, speed, direction, and time. Following, the shooting down of Korean Air Lines Flight 007 in 1983. President Ronald Reagan issued a directive making the system available free for civilian use as a common good. Since then, GPS has become a widely used aid to navigation worldwide, and a useful tool for map-making, land surveying, commerce, scientific uses, and hobbies such as geocaching. GPS also provides a precise time reference used in many applications including scientific study of earthquakes, and synchronization of telecommunications networks.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.1144-1150
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• 2006

Recently, as water pollution accidents in rivers have increased, there is an increased interest in water quality forecast with accurate simulation. QUAL2E model, widely used for water quality analysis, uses the same hydraulic characteristics, such as depth and velocity, in a reach. The flow of the river is changed by various hydraulic constructions or by topography in a real river channel. In this study, a hydraulic connection module is developed to consider flow variations of river channels in QUAL2E model. The module uses the simulations results of non-uniform flow of a 1-D hydraulic model such as DWOPER or HEC-RAS. The improved QUAL2E model with this module was applied to a downstream section of Paldang Dam on the Han River. The results show the variation of water quality very well in a reach where flowing vary abruptly, like the Jamsil submerged weir.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.7-20
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• 1988

Recent developments in combining transportation planning models and input-output approaches, together with inclusion of intensity of land uses, have made it possible to construct realistic comprehensive urban and regional activity models. These modes form the basis for a rigorous approach to studying the interactions among urban activities. However, efficient computational solution methods for implementing such comprehensive models are still not available. In this paper an efficient solution method for the urban activity model is developed by combining Evans' partial linearization technique with Powell's hybrid method. The solution algorithm is applied to a small but realistic urban area with a detailed transportation network.