• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.237-244
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• 2006

한반도 통일 후 식량 안보와 수자원 확보를 위해 추진되어 오고 있는 새만금 간척 사업 완공 후 담수호 수질보전을 위해서는 오염 물질 관리의 우선순위 설정에 의한 토지 이용 계획 수립이 필요하다. 새만금 유역에서 오염 물질 부하를 경감시키기 위한 농경지의 역항을 평가하기 위하여 만경강과 동진강 유역에서 오염 부하, 토지 이용 및 분포, 용수 사용을 조사하였다. 만경강 년간 하천수는 700만$m^3$이며, 이중 14.1%는 생활 용수, 73.6%는 농업용수, 12.3%는 산업 용수에서 유래하고 있다. 동진강 하천수는 505백만$m^3$이며 이중 3.0%는 생활 용수, 94.5%는 농업용수, 2.5%는 산업 용수에서 유래한다. 동진강 유역은 만경강 유역에 비해서 농경지 면적 비율은 1.4배, 축산 농지 면적 비율은 7배가 많았고, 임지는 0.74배, 주택지는 0.67배 적었다. 만경강 유역과 동진강 유역의 주요한 오염원은 토지 유래보다도 오히려 생활 하수와 축산 오수로 나타났다. 이같은 용수 사용과 토지 이용은 하천 수질에도 영향을 주어, 동진강 유역은 만경강 유역보다 전기전도도, $BOD_5$, TN 그리고 TP값이 훨씬 낮았다. 동진강 유역은 하천 유역의 논 면적 비율이 높아 축산업 면적이 넓었음에도 불구하고 강우 후 유달 부하량이 훨씬 낮았다. 만경강 지류인 익산천 하천수를 논에 관개 후 150 m 유거 중 침전 및 흡착에 의해 질소는 37%, 인산은 50%, $BOD_5$는 15%가 저감되었으며, 수확기 벼는 ha당 TN 100.0 kg, $P_2O_5$ 24.0 kg, $K_2O$ 119.2 kg을 흡수한 결과로 보아, 새만금 유역에서 벼 재배는 하천 수질 보전에 긍정적 기여를 하고 있다는 것을 알 수 있다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.185-193
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• 2016

Purpose of this study is to classify damaged lands according to the cause of the damage and their influences based on characteristic of the damaged lands in DeMilitarized Zone(DMZ) area, and utilize this study as a fundamental study for establishment of ecosystem restoration system. Literature review and field survey have been conducted to review the damage status of DMZ area. For field survey, first year and second year have been conducted, in which type of the damage has been reviewed in this study. In the result, types of damage have been classified into 6 categories: 'alteration of initial landform', 'loss of surface layer', 'land pollution', 'alteration of soil chemical property', 'decline of vegetation', and 'invasion of foreign species'. Restoration for each damage type is as following. First, for alteration of initial landform, the land is restored to the original landform prior to the damage and connection to surrounding ecosystem is considered. Second, for loss of surface layer, lost surface layer is restored or further loss is prevented with stabilization. Third, for land pollution, source of the pollution is eradicated or self-circulation with purification of polluted land is encouraged. Fourth, for alteration of soil chemical property, soil is restored of its original property with eradication of the pollution source and improvement of soil. Fifth, for decline of vegetation, current vegetation and anticipated alteration in future are considered and number of wild species is to be increased based on structure and characteristic of nearby vegetation. Sixth, for invasion of foreign species, prevention of dominance by risky species and facilitation ecological stability with ecological management are to be considered. Influence according to the cause of damage has occurred in secondary(indirect) influence or simultaneous occurrence of several damage types. Considering all these aspects, when type of the damage is complex, restoration process for each of former mentioned 6 damage types with solitary influence should be considered in unison.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제27권9호
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• pp.952-957
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• 2005

분산형 비점오염원 모델에서 단위유역 크기의 영향을 검토하기 위하여 민감도 분석 연구를 실시하였다. 미농무성의 AGNPS 모델에서 변형된 AnnAGNPS 모델을 남한강 수계의 청미천의 지류인 응천 유역에 적용하였다. 10에서 200 헥타르에 이르는 다양한 단위유역 크기에 따라 유로연장, 경사, 토지 이용, 유달율 등과 같은 모델 요소와 결과를 분석하였다. 단위유역의 크기가 증가함에 따라 휘어진 하천이 단거리로 계산되기 때문에 유로연장이 감소하게 되고, 이것은 다른 어떤 지형 변화보다 모델 결과에 중요한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 토지 이용도와 토양 분포 효과가 제외되었을 경우, 단위유역이 클수록 유역의 최종유출구까지 도달하는 시간이 짧아져 토사 유달 부하량이 증가하였다. 그러나 이러한 영향이 포함되었을 경우, 단위유역이 클수록 적용 유역의 토지이용의 다양도가 포함될 수 없기 때문에 토사 유달 부하량이 감소하였다. 적용 유역은 토양 침식이 낮은 임야로 이루어져 단위유역이 큰 경우에는 임야 비율이 더욱 증가하여 유달 부하량이 감소하게 된 것이다. 적용 유역에서는 30 헥타르의 단위 유역이 가장 적합한 크기로 결정되었다. 강우 유출수량과 총질소, 총인, 생물화학적 산소요구량을 모델에서 예측하였으며 현장 측정치와 적절히 일치하였다. 본 연구를 통하여 모델 결과는 단위유역 크기에 따라 변하는 지형, 토지 이용, 토양분포 변이에 민감하게 변하며, 성공적인 분산형 모델적용을 위하여 최적의 단위유역 크기를 사용하는 것이 매우 중요하다는 결론을 얻었다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.259-267
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• 2013

In this study, non-point source(NPS) contribution was investigated based on flow rates and water qualities of streams into the lake during rainfall events. Event mean concentration(EMC) and the pollution loads were calculated to establish a database for NPS control measurement in the survey area, and so on. The runoff characteristics of NPS were investigated and estimated on the basis of the ratio of an agricultural to forest area in the stream of sub-catch basin during rainfall events. Non-point source pollution loads were also calculated to establish a database for NPS control measure in the upstream lake Chinyang. At a rainfall event, BOD concentrations rise sharply at the early peak time of runoff, however, peaks of TSS concentration were observed at the similar time of peak flow. This was a phenomenon shown at the watersheds caused by forest and geological types. The discharged EMC range was 2.9-4.8 mg/L in terms of BOD. The discharged EMC range was 6.2-8.2 mg/L in terms of SS. The discharged EMCs of T-N and T-P were 1.4-2.5 mg/L and 0.059-0.233 mg/L, respectively. Total BOD loading rate through the 3 tributaries to the lake Chinyang was 1,136 kg/d during dry weather. The upper watershed area of the Nam-river dam in this study was divided into 14 catchment basins based on the Korean guideline for total maximum daily load(TMDL) of water quality pollutants. The higher the agricultural land-use ratio, the more NPS loading rate discharged, but the more occupied a forest area, the lower more NPS loading rate discharged. In an agricultural land-use area more than 20%, the increase of NPS loadings might be dramatically diffused by increasing the integrated complex-use like vinyl-house facilities and fertilizer use etc. according to the effective land-use utilization. The NPS loading rates were BOD 0.3 $kg/ha{\cdot}day$, SS 0.21 $kg/ha{\cdot}day$, TN 0.02 $kg/ha{\cdot}day$, TP 0.005 $kg/ha{\cdot}day$ under less than 10% agricultural land-use. In agricultural land-use of 20%-50%, these values were investigated in the range of 0.32 $kg/ha{\cdot}day$-0.73 $kg/ha{\cdot}day$ for BOD, 0.92 $kg/ha{\cdot}day$-3.32 $kg/ha{\cdot}day$ for SS, 0.70 $kg/ha{\cdot}day$-0.90 $kg/ha{\cdot}day$ TN, 0.03 $kg/ha{\cdot}day$-0.044 $kg/ha{\cdot}day$ for TP.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.1-9
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• 1999

In the estimation of pollution load in water basin, a data information has generally used from surveyed data. A Geographic Information System(GIS) was adopted to evaluate the amount of pollution load in Anyang stream basin which is one of the major tributaries in the Han river flows through urban area. The digital maps of administrative boundary, stream network, sub-basin, soil type, and land-use for spatial data as well as attribute data were generated. And the database of sub-basins and pollution source was structured to estimate pollution load in Anyang stream basin by an Arc/Info GIS.As the results of this investigation, the pollution load of Mokgam-chun sub-basin was the highest amount. And that of Hagi-chun sub-basin and the fourth main stream sub-basin were also high amount in Anyang stream basin. In general, it was found that the pollution load generated from the upstream area in Kyunggi province was higher than that from downstream area in Seoul. Because the point and non-point source pollution load played very significant role in the deterioration of the water quality of the Anyang stream, an integrated approach to water quality management should be required for the sub-basins of high pollution load amount.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.63-71
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• 1995

This study analyzes the problems of environmental laws, development planning laws, Metropolitan Area Development Planning (MADP), and the level of environmental pollution at Asan-bay metropolitan area, where MADP will be realized in the near future. In order to prevent environmental pollution by the implementation of MADP, the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Act and EIA systems in Korea should be revised so as to reflect the followings. First, the impact of national landuse planning changes on the environment should be considered at the beginning of the EIA procedures. Second, the overlapping and greater impact of many projects upon surrounding metropolitan areas should be simultaneously evaluated, though each project is the subject of EIA, and the environmental pollution protection and abatement alternatives must be made in accordance with the above impact of the projects. Thirdly, total effluent regulation of water pollution, air pollution and solid wastes should be enforced based on the self-purification of the metropolitan area environment.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.667-674
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• 1999

Intensive livestock production has increased dramatically in Europe since the 1960s, particularly. in Northern and Central European countries, resulting in large increases in the nutrient pollution of surface and ground waters and in atmospheric emissions of ammonia. This has arisen due to inadequate management of the large amounts manure produced, particularly where there has been insufficient land area used for efficient nutrient reuse in crop production. Nutrient pollution from intensive livestock production has progressively degraded the quality of water resources in many parts of Europe, with eutrophication of many inland and coastal waters, as well as soil acidification and ecosystem degradation. These problems have been known for many years, and although there are various international agreements on transboundary pollution, it is largely left to individual countries to set and enforce standards. Consequently, a number of different approaches are employed, although the common feature of these is to encourage farmers to use the nutrients in animal manures efficiently according to crop requirements, which also reduces the potential for accumulation in soil and subsequent loss to the environment. This paper reviews nutrient production and use in Europe and some of the strategies employed to avoid and reduce nutrient pollution.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.418-428
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to predict the spatio-temporal changes in land uses and to evaluate land-based pollutant loads in the future under Total Water Pollution Load Management System using CLUE-S model. For these ends, sensitive parameters of conversion elasticities in CLUE-S model were calibrated and these calibrated parameters of conversion elasticities, level II land cover map of year 2009, and 7 driving factors of land use changes were used in predicting future land uses in 2002 with two scenarios(Scenario 1: non area restriction, Scenario 2: area restriction). This projected land use map of 2020 was used to estimate land-based pollutant loads. It was expected that urban areas will increase in 2020 from both scenarios 1 and 2. In Scenario 1, urban areas are expected to increase within greenbelt areas and deforest would be expected. Under Scenario 2, these phenomena were not expected. Also the results of estimation of BOD and TP pollutant loads, the BOD difference between scenarios 1 and 2 was 719 kg/day in urban areas and TP difference was 17.60 kg/day in urban areas. As shown in this study, it was found that the CLUE-S model can be useful in future pollutant load estimations because of its capability of projecting future land uses considering various socio-economic driving factors and area-restriction factors, compared with conventionally used land use prediction model.

• 농촌계획
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.103-113
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• 2020

Land price can be affected by convenience or psychological repulsion like PIMFY (Please In My Front Yard) or NIMBY (Not In My Back Yard) for various facilities. The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether non-preferred facilities are related to NIMBY impact that negatively affect land prices using the spatial econometrics models which are spatial autoregressive models (SAR), spatial errors models (SEM), and general spatial model (SAC). The land price in urban area increases by 0.07-0.2% when the distance from aversion facilities increases by 1%. However, the land price in rural areas decreases when the distance from aversion or pollution facilities increase. Therefore, these facilities in rural areas located in the areas with higher land price because funeral homes located in center of rural administrative areas and charnel house or crematorium located in the fringe of urban areas. That is, this study explain the difference between land price and non-preferred facilities in urban and rural areas and why there are more N IMBY symptoms in urban areas.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.197-204
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• 1999

The extent of heavy metal pollution in agricultural in soils near the abandoned mine land site was investigated using their concentrations from the 47 sampling sites in B mine. Samples were prepared using 0.1N HCI - Korean Standard Methods - and then analysed for Cd, Cu, Pb, As and Cr by Inductively Coupled Plasma Spectrometer. In addition, soil and mine tailing samples were sequentially extracted to investigate the chemical speciation of heavy metals in them. The soils in the vicinity of mining area are highly contaminated by heavy metals ranging up to 5.96mg Cd/kg, 253.3mg Cu/kg, 76.7mg Pb/kg, and 15.45 mg As/kg, according to the analysis of Korean Standard Methods. The heavy metal levels by the sequential extraction are much higher than its level by Korean Standard Methods, and little correlated with each other. Based on the results, it is suggested that the As pollution in agricultural soils near the AMLS should be dealt as of prior significance in establishing reclamation strategies for the area.