• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.100 no.4
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• pp.630-638
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• 2011

This study aims to verify the economic validity of the REDD project in North Korea by estimating the potential carbon credits and the cost of REDD project. The REDD potential credits of North Korea are estimated based on the international statistics of forest area and population from 1990 to 2010, and the cost of REDD project is estimated indirectly by annual land opportunity cost of agriculture assuming that South Korea will aid the food production per area in North Korea. When the 25% reduction scenario was applied to the annual deforestation rate in North Korea, the potential REDD credits were estimated to be $4,232million{\sim}5,290milliontCO_2eq.$ for 20 years. It would account for 28~35% of South Korea's national medium-term greenhouse gas reduction target. On the other hand, the break-even price of REDD project was calculated as the profit of agriculture in the land available by forest conversion in North Korea. It was estimated to be 19.19$/$tCO_2eq.$ when the non-permanence risk of forest conserved through a REDD contract is assumed to be 20%. This price is higher than the price of REDD carbon credit 5$/$tCO_2eq.$ dealt in the 2010 voluntary carbon market, leading to no economic feasibility. However, REDD project provides co-benefits besides climate mitigation. As previous studies indicate, the break-even price is lower than 20$/$tCO_2eq.$, which is the social marginal cost of greenhouse gas emissions by loss of forest. Therefore REDD in North Korea can be justified against the social benefits. The economic feasibility of REDD project in North Korea can be largely influenced by the risk percentage. Thus, North Korean REDD project needs a strong guarantee and involvement by the government and people of North Korea to assure the project's economic feasibility.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.191-202
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• 2002

Characteristics and patterns of geographic features and human activities can be interpreted in terms of spatiality and temporality. The necessity to record the historical changes and the ability to reason in the real world has lead to a new field of research so called Integrated Spatio-Temporal analysis. The objective of this study is to investigate temporal maps for Spatio-temporal analysis, which have the integration functionality for visualizing spatiality and temporality of the geographic appearances and human activities. Land information is composed of spatial, attribute and temporal data and requires spatio-temporal representations. It is possible to visualize spatio-temporal variations with spatio-temporal databases and temporal map produced by integrated data models. This study constructs spatio-temporal model for temporal maps of land price variation analysis. Taking advantage of the spatio-temporal model proposed here, it is possible to visualize spatio-temporal variations with spatio-temporal database and temporal map. On a practical level, this study would be extended and utilized to various geographic features.

• Journal of Cadastre & Land InformatiX
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.43-55
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• 2016

This study estimated land prices using instance-based learning. A k-nearest neighbor method was utilized among various instance-based learning methods, and the 10 distance metrics including Euclidean distance were calculated in k-nearest neighbor estimation. One distance metric prediction which shows the best predictive performance would be normally chosen as final estimate out of 10 distance metric predictions. In contrast to this practice, an ensemble technique which combines multiple predictions to obtain better performance was applied in this study. We applied the gradient boosting algorithm, a sort of residual-fitting model to our data in ensemble combining. Sales price data of farm lands in Haenam-gun, Jeolla Province were used to demonstrate advantages of instance-based learning as well as an ensemble technique. The result showed that the ensemble prediction was more accurate than previous 10 distance metric predictions.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.111-125
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• 1990

Korea is a nation with poor natural resources. There is a greats need to save resources that are running out in fast face. The purpose of this thesis is to bind the means to save rosources in housing site, especially in highrise apartment. The reason why the high-rise apartments are chosen as a case is 7hat the high-rise is becoming the major form of dwelling in most urban areas. As a tool of saving the ecological way is chosen because ecological energy is free, clean and unlimited. The resources to be saved are divided into two categories, namely energy and non - energy resources as water, land and food. The contents of the thesis are comprised of 4 chapters. The early chaspters are devoted to the understanding of the ecosystem and problems of current energy consumption in the apartment. It is fellowed by the introduction of the hypothesis that can possibly save reouruces. The hypothesis are then transformed into the actual theories through verification, to be established as the new techniques of the site planning. The ecosystem is the functional relationship between the living organisms and their physical surroundings. The living organisms are the plants that produce, animals that consume and bacterias that decompose. They live in the environment which consists of the three worlds of atmosphere, hydrosphere and lithosphere. The whole system is activated by the solar energy that turns the inorganic mallet- into the living organism and back to the inorganic. It is the recycling principle of the ecosystem. The elements of ecosystem that fan be unilimited as the tools of resources -saving are the sun, wind, water, soil, plant and waste. They are unlimited sources of energy. free of pollution and cheap in price. Each of these ecological elements Provide the opportunities that can save the heating fuel, air conditioning energy, water resource, land and food. The ecological approch should be pursued actively in this age of short resources and growing pollution. In the scale of total energy consumption the housing takes the second position next to the industrial use. It is followed by the transportation which shows for less consumption than former two.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.69-80
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• 1996

This Study aims at identifying optimum residential area of small and medium local cities to be relocated in the future. In the object of study, Chinju City was chosen and it consists of three stages of application to choose the priority of residential development us well as available residential locations. In the first stage, a digital image processing technique was applied to generate the existing urban land use information from the satellite image data. In the second stage, GIS technique was used to choose the avaliable residential area by evaluating the elements for residential site allocation such as road accessibility, topographic height, slope, aspect, legal limit, population density, and land price. In the third stage, some mathematical location models were applied to identify optimum candidates of residential areas chosen by earier stages. The results were evaluated by statistical methods and integer programming to identify the development priority. We expect this procedures and the results will be able to be used as a guide-line to support housing policies of Chinju City by allocating residential sites as well as a technique to apply a locational analysis for the future residential areas of small and medium local cities.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.97-102
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• 1995

A questionare survey was performed to investigate the citizen's attitude concerning waste treatment facilities. Most people recognized the seriousness of the waste treatment problem and think that more composting facilities should be built. People dislike most the landfill facility, followed by the nightsoil treatment facility, the incineration facility and the composting facility. Most people answered that the disirable distance from their house to the treatment facility should be farther than 4km for the landfill facility, farther than 2km for incineration and composting facilities and farther than 1km for the wastewater treatment plant. Most people want moving cost+land price+inconvience suffering cost (amount equal to the land prize+building prize) for their retrieval. About 30% of people answered that they will not accept any waste treatment facility even though it is perfect.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.9-27
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• 1995

From now on, the direction of fishery products circulation measure should be improved the system to give just the right of free choice of sale route like retail, direct sale, direct dealings and direct shipping only for fishermen to produce them diversifing the function and the role of current fish market in the production to prepare the fishery internationalization, to improve the competitiveness of coastal and off-shore fishery. Practically wholesale market in land and fish market in the production have the different function and role, the organization of wholesale market in land can't substitute the essential function and role which fish market in the production should perform. So far, fisheries cooperatives as a managing subject of fish market in the production have depended on the consignment sales and purchases of fishery products but, from now on, it should be explore the widespread supply way of fishery products by producing value - added fishery products that should bring higher demand from the consumers, producer - consumer direct marketing system through not only consignment sales but also direct sales that common processing and manufacturing system of fishery products under the management of FC has been established. The direction of the idealest structural improvement of fishery production circulation organization is to establish the the position of the fishery retail price leader based on the standard of market in the fisheries production due to existing characteristics of fisheries, accordingly, to harmony the market organization of direct transportation, direct sales and direct dealings form by producer and group of producers with market organization in the fisheries production, and to make the condition to do the appropriate distributive function.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.2 no.1_2
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• pp.27-45
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• 1999

Recently, the changes of industrial location can be explained as the concentration of small and medium manufacturing firms or high technology industries by industrial restructuring in Seoul metropolitan area, and the dispersion of large companies'branch plant into the peripheral region in Korea. Particularly deindustrialization is progressing in the inner city and manufacturing firms disperse into the outer city in Seoul metropolitan area. This study reviews on the structural perspectives for the changing industrial location factors. The development of capitalism organizes economic spacial structures and Its characteristics can be reasons which can raise changes in industrial location. Korean economy rapidly grew in the movement process of international capital. And capital accumulation by continuous economic growth is raising the spatial division of labor or the spatial difference and inequality on land price, wages. the base of labor reproduction. Therefore, these factors are the most reasons to raise the changes of industrial location in Korea. Hereafter the study on these factors, that is, in relation to sociocultural structure and land use structure have to be progress more concretely.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.133-143
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• 2009

Next Generation Digital Maps on demand Updating System is a system for setup of efficient on-demand updating system, keeping up-to-date data and conducting high-quality service and efficient management. The system is designed that object-based continuous Digital Maps may have on-demand updating available, as well as the exiting feature-based digital maps, and the relevant development is being done. This study presented some problems and improvement plans related to the system operation, by means of implementing object-based continuous Digital Maps and feature-based digital maps updating test, for the next generation digital maps on demand updating system, in order to contribute to present plans to apply next generation digital maps and to secure competitiveness. And, for the economical efficiency of the next generation digital maps on demand updating system, this study analyzed expenses and benefit resulted from introduction of on demand updating system for 1:5,000 digital maps, intended for National Geographic Information Institute. and the land category which have an effect on the officially assessed land price and it using GIS technology.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to discovered assessment items for improving athletic efficiency and management of golf courses. Through this, the study intended to provide basic data for creating competitive golf courses and management. Important assessment items were selected by inducing preliminary assessment items and conducting a preliminary survey and a main survey for specialists through a theoretical study. For the survey results studied, reliability and average value for importance were calculated using SPSS/PC Window Release 12.0. As assessment of importance by assessment area, in athletic efficiency assessment, course management level was the highest, followed by fairness of games and operation of games. In management assessment, importance of service level, information management, facility management, management of game assistants, etc. were high. As assessment of importance by assessment item, it was found that 'variety of golf shot' and 'the length of a course' were important in course layout. Also 'start interval among teams' and 'disturbance of play' were assessed as important items in game operation, while 'fair reservation' and 'rounding rotation time' were important in fairness of games. In addition, in information management, 'kind service of golf course staffs' and 'prompt reservation and notification' were found to be important assessment items. In facility management, all assessment indexes were over 4.0, which means all of them are important for quality of golf course and competitiveness. In membership service, 'appropriate price of goods for sale' and 'service for members' were relatively important assessment items. Further, in management of game assistants, 'qualifications and skillfulness of game assistants' was assessed as a very important index. Although the current study only selected important items to assess excellent golf courses, it is necessary to apply the study results to the actual sites and verify them for golf course both at domestic and abroad.