• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.1-7
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• 1994

The changes of vitamin A contents of transitional (7th day postpartum) and mature (60th day postpartum) milk were comparatively studied from 20 Korean lactating women to provide the basic information for recommended dietary allowances. The mean retinol contents($\mu\textrm{g}$/100$m\ell$) of transitional milk in primiparae and multiiparae were 79.71 (${\pm}$50.61) and 73.43(${\pm}$31.02) and those of mature milk in primiparae and multiparae were 44.73(${\pm}$19.03) and 38.25(${\pm}$17.63) respectively. The mean ${\beta}$-carotene contents ($\mu\textrm{g}$/100$m\ell$) of transitional milk in primiparae and multiparae were 10.44(${\pm}$7.43) and 14.15(${\pm}$11.81) and those of mature milk in primiparae and multiparae were 4.97(${\pm}$2.22) and 5.36(${\pm}$4.23) respectively. The total content of vitamin A($\mu\textrm{g}$/100$m\ell$) in transitional milk was 81.44(${\pm}$ 51.47) in primiparae and 75.79(${\pm}$31.99) in multiparae, and those of mature milk in primiparae and multiparae were 45.56(${\pm}$19.12) and 39.14(${\pm}$17.73) respectively. The vitamin A content decreased with increase of lactation period. The mean content of vitamin A between primiparae and multiparae during lactation was not significantly different (p>0.05) However, there was a significant difference in the total vitamin A contents according to lactation period. The average content($\mu\textrm{g}$/100$m\ell$) of retinol in lactating mothers delivered boys and girls were 74.45 (${\pm}$43.84) and 78.96(${\pm}$35.98) in transitional milk, 40.27(${\pm}$16.61) and 42.51(${\pm}$21.22) in mature milk, respectively. However, no significant difference was found between retinol contents contentscontentsin lactating mothers delivered boys and girls. The average contents($\mu\textrm{g}$/100$m\ell$) of ${\beta}$-carotene in lactating mothers delivered boys and girls were 11.34(${\pm}$4.27) in mature milk. The contents($\mu\textrm{g}$/100$m\ell$) of total vitamin A was significantly different (p<0.05) between transitional and mature milk the difference of total vitamin A content between lactating mothers delivered boys and girls. and primiparae and multiparae was not significant(p>0.05) As a result the contents of vitamin A, retinol and ${\beta}$-carotene in transitional and mature milk decreased according to the increase of lactation period.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.343-348
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• 2018

In this study, the effect of daily short-distance walking exercise on milk production and metabolic status of the lactating dairy cows was investigated. The experiment was conducted with 10 lactating dairy cows comprising 2 groups (5 dairy cows/group), which were walking activity and non-walking activity. The walking activity (WA) group lactating dairy cows walked outdoors for 1 km/d, and the non-walking activity (non-WA) lactating dairy cows were maintained within a cowshed from $18^{th}$ April to $30^{th}$ May. The activity volume of the neck was not significantly different between the groups, but the activity volume of the leg was higher in WA group compared with non-WA (p<0.05). The rectal temperature was higher in the WA group ($38.6^{\circ}C$) compared with non-WA ($38.2^{\circ}C$) (p<0.05). No significant differences in dietary NE intake, milk production and milk composition were found between the groups. The plasma cortisol concentration was higher in WA group ($2.14{\mu}g/dl$) compared to non-WA ($0.95{\mu}g/dl$) (p<0.05). However, plasma cortisol level of WA dairy cows was significantly decreased as compared with non-WA cows. On the contrary, the level of plasma melatonin was increased in WA cows than that of non-WA dairy cows. It may be interpreted as a change in physical fitness. From this study, we suggest that walking activity can be improved energy balance. Further investigation is needed to determine whether different combinations of distance, rate or doing in morning or afternoon will stimulate energy balance.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제36권7호
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• pp.1083-1090
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• 2023

Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the short-term effects of dietary selenium supplementation on lactating sows on the physiological response, litter performance, milk composition, and tissue selenium retention in piglets when selenium was provided by different sources and at different levels in a lactation diet. Methods: A total of 48 multiparous sows (Yorkshire×Landrace) with average body weight, backfat thickness, and parity were assigned to one of the four treatments with 12 sows per treatment using a 2×2 factorial arrangement in a completely randomized design. Inorganic or organic Se sources were added to the diet at 0.30 ppm and 0.50 ppm Se. Treatments were as follows: i) IS30, basal diet + inorganic Se 0.30 ppm; ii) IS50, basal diet + inorganic Se 0.50 ppm; iii) OS30, basal diet + organic Se 0.30 ppm; and iv) OS50: basal diet + organic Se 0.50 ppm. Results: At Day 21 of lactation, a high tendency of litter weight (p = 0.08) and litter weight gain (p = 0.09) were observed when sows were fed an organic Se source. The milk Se concentration in the organic Se treatment was higher than that in the inorganic Se treatment at Day 21 of lactation (p<0.05). The serum Se concentrations of sows and piglets at Day 21 of lactation were significantly higher when lactating sows were fed organic Se instead of inorganic Se (p<0.01). During the suckling period, the kidney and muscle Se concentrations of piglets at Day 21 of lactation were significantly higher when the sow dietary Se source was organic (p<0.05). Liver Se concentrations were affected by Se source and level (p<0.05). This also resulted in an interaction response at 21 days of lactation (p<0.05). Conclusion: The supplementation of dietary organic Se in a lactating diet could improve sow feed consumption, piglet performance, milk Se level, and the Se status of sows and piglets.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.107-116
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• 1998

Measurement of DCP is considered inadequate and unsatisfactory means of assessing the protein value of the diet as no distinction is made between the digestion in ferestomach and in the small intestine. Protein meals should be classified on the basis of rumen degradable protein (RDP) and rumen undegradable protein (UDP). Usually, protein meals naturally available with high level of UDP or bypass protein value should be preferred for incorporation in the diet of lactating and growing animals. However, if such resources are non-available or are expensive, protein meals having high degradability can be carefully subjected to heat or formaldehyde treatment to achieve desired level of rumen bypassability. Various studies conducted the world over have revealed that bypass protein feeding to ruminants, especially when animals are fed on crop residue based basal diet, help increasing feed conversion efficiency in growing and lactating ruminants.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.319-322
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• 1990

The studies were conducted on 12 lactating animals comprising of six Karan Swiss (KS) cows and six Murrah buffaloes in second and third lactation. At the start of experiment the cows had completed on an average 51 days in lactation and were yielding an average of 15.1 kg milk a day. The buffaloes had completed 53 days in lactation and were yielding an average of 11.6 kg milk a day. At fortnightly intervals jugular blood samples were drawn at morning, noon, evening and night hours. Plasma growth hormone concentrations were highest during morning and thereafter decreased. In both the species there was a definite trend in the change of growth hormone concentrations during the day. In general growth hormone concentration decreased as the stage of lactation advanced. The overall average values of plasma growth hormone in cows and buffaloes were 2.95 and 2.48 ng/ml which were not statistically different. With the advancing lactation, the decline in milk yields in both the species was positively correlated with the growth hormone concentrations.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.643-646
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• 1992

Role of low degradable protein in milk production of early lactating Murrah buffaloes has been studied in relation to energy status of test animals. Replacement of conventional concentrate mixture with low degradable cotton seed cake resulted in appreciable changes in circulatory transaminases and phosphatase levels. The enzymes viz. glutamate oxaloacetate and glutamate pyruvate transaminase and alkaline phosphatases increased with feeding of said cake indicating stress on hepatic tissue. Animals seemed to overcome stress by feeding enhanced levels of same protein along with improved feed intake, body weight and milk production.

• 한국환경생태학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경생태학회 2007년도 임시총회 및 학술논문발표회
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• pp.94-100
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• 2007

The variation in the diet of Rhinolophus ferrumequinum was investigated through analysis of feces collected before and after parturition. The results shows a high use of Coleoptera, which accounted for 30-77% in diet. Diptera(total 27.38%), and Lepidoptera(total 13.31%) was also consumed for the most part. Prey types recovered also included small numbers of Hymenoptera, Neuroptera. The diet of R. ferrumequinum varies before and after parturition. In lactating period, Coleoptera was mainly consumed(77%), but the use of Diptera significantly increased in post-lactating period.(51%)

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제28권7호
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• pp.620-628
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• 1995

This study investigated micro-mineral content in human milk along with nutritional intake of lactating women. Milk samples were collected from 33 healthy lactating women and mineral levels were analyzed. Copper, zinc, manganese and selenium were analyzed. The factors that affect the mineral levels in human milk were also investigated longitudinally from 2-5 days to 12 weeks postpartum. Concentrations of manganese and selenium didn't differ significantly within the lactation period. the levels of copper and zinc declined linearly over the first 12 weeks of lactation. Statistically significant quadratic trends were observed in zinc concentrations. There was no significant correlation between maternal age and mineral concentrations throughout the lactation period. In addition, no significant differences were found between the primipara and the multipara for mineral concentrations in human milk.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.577-580
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• 1993

Six lactating crossbred cows and six Murrah buffaloes, maintained under similar conditions of feeding and management were studied for body composition by the antipyrine dilution technique. Measurements were made at the start of the experiment when the animals had completed about 50 days in lactation and thereafter at monthly intervals up to 90 days of the experimental period. The percent body water estimates in both species at different time intervals did not change significantly. Percent body fat and protein content also remained unchanged. The correlation coefficient between body composition parameters and various hormones (growth hormone, insulin, $T_3$ and $T_4$) were generally low and non-significant. It was concluded that body composition studies using body water are not sufficiently sensitive to predict changes in body composition of lactating cows and buffaloes and/or the changes in body composition during lactation are not very drastic.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제31권9호
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• pp.1440-1445
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• 1998

In order to investigate the vitamin I intake of exclusively breast-fed infants, we examined 33 lactating women and their infants at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 months of lactation. Vitamin E contents of human milk were determined by HPLC analysis. Vitamin E contents of the milk showed 539, 520, 464, 422, 409 and 351$\mu\textrm{g}$/100m1 during the lactation respectively. Vitamin E contents of the human milk were not affected by energy, lipid and protein consumption of lactating women. Vitamin E intake of breast-fed infants averaged 3375 and 269$\mu\textrm{g}$/day in boys and girls during the first 5 months of lactation. Vitamin E intake per body weight of breast-fed infants appeared 725, 752, 600, 461, 420 and 334$\mu\textrm{g}$/kg/day respectively. We conclude that breast-fed infants most likely receives adequate vitamin E from the human milk compared with recommended dietary allowances for Korean infants. (Korean J Nutrition 31(9) : 1440-1445, 1998)