• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.9 no.3
• /
• pp.365-367
• /
• 1999

A fuel cell type biosensor for lactate was developed using a metal-reducing bacterium, Shewanella putrefaciens IR-1. Under the operational conditions, the bacterial cell suspension generated the current without an electrochemical mediator in the presence of lactate. The current was proportional to the lactate concentration up to 30 mM.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• v.59 no.1
• /
• pp.2.1-2.6
• /
• 2017

Background: This study aimed to analyze the on heart rate, blood lactate concentration, packed cell volume (PCV) and hemoglobin (Hb) response after conducting exercise in endurance horses. Methods: A total of 20 healthy 3-9-years-old Jeju crossbreed mares ($5.95{\pm}2.24$ year) of age and $312.65{\pm}13.59kg$ of weight) currently participating the endurance competition were used. The field tests selected for the experiment was gallop (approximately 8.3 m/s) along the selected 2.5 km course (a natural forest trail, not artificial road; a closed loop course). The horses were divided into three groups according to their age; 3-4 years of age (G1, $3.29{\pm}0.49$ year), 6-7 years of age (G2, $6.42{\pm}0.53$), and 8-9 years of age (G3, $8.50{\pm}0.55$). The measurements times for the heart rate, blood lactate concentration, PCV, and Hb analysis were conducted before exercise (T0), shortly after exercise (T1), 15 min after exercise (T2), and 30 min after exercise (T3), respectively. Data was analyzed using an analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) for repeated measures with times and groups. Results: The results of the comparison depending on the passage of rest time after exercise suggest that the heart rate and blood lactate concentration of three groups at T2 significantly decreased compared to T1 (p < 0.001). PCV of the G2 and G3 groups were significantly decreased at T2 compared to T1 (p < 0.01). Hb values at G2 (p < 0.01) and G3 (p < 0.001) groups were significantly decreased at T2 as compared to T1. However, heart rate, blood lactate concentration, PCV and Hb level at T1 showed no difference in the comparison of horses from different age groups with the exception of G3 group in terms of heart rate. Conclusion: The physiologic and hematological responses of horses during recovery time after 2,500 m exercise with gallop were no significant difference among the groups. These data are useful as a response evaluation method for training of endurance horses.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SC
• /
• v.48 no.4
• /
• pp.1-9
• /
• 2011

Hemorrhagic shock is a clinically widespread syndrome characterized by inadequate oxygenation and supply. It is important to diagnose hemorrhagic shock in its early stage for improving treatment effects and survival rate. However, an accurate diagnosis and treatment could be delayed in the early stage of hemorrhagic shock by evaluating only vital signs such as heart rate and blood pressure. There have been many studies for the early diagnosis of hemorrhagic shock, reporting that lactate concentration and perfusion were useful variables for tissue hypoxia and metabolic acidosis. In this study, we measured both perfusion using a laser Doppler flowmeter and lactate concentration from the volume controlled hemorrhagic shock using rats. We also proposed a new shock index which was calculated by dividing lactate concentration by perfusion for early diagnosis. As a result of the survival prediction by the proposed index with the receiver operating characteristic curve method, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of survival were 90.0, 96.7 and 94.0%, respectively. The proposed index showed the fastest significant difference among the other parameters such as blood pressure and heart rate. It could offer early diagnosis and effective treatment for human hemorrhagic shock if it is applicable to humans.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
• /
• v.24 no.2
• /
• pp.199-205
• /
• 2016

This study aimed to investigate the in vivo relevance of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) in the pharmacokinetics and adverse effect of phenformin. To investigate the involvement of P-gp in the transport of phenformin, a bi-directional transport of phenformin was carried out in LLC-PK1 cells overexpressing P-gp, LLC-PK1-Pgp. Basal to apical transport of phenformin was 3.9-fold greater than apical to basal transport and became saturated with increasing phenformin concentration ($2-75{\mu}M$) in LLC-PK1-Pgp, suggesting the involvement of P-gp in phenformin transport. Intrinsic clearance mediated by P-gp was $1.9{\mu}L/min$ while passive diffusion clearance was $0.31{\mu}L/min$. Thus, P-gp contributed more to phenformin transport than passive diffusion. To investigate the contribution of P-gp on the pharmacokinetics and adverse effect of phenformin, the effects of verapamil, a P-gp inhibitor, on the pharmacokinetics of phenformin were also examined in rats. The plasma concentrations of phenformin were increased following oral administration of phenformin and intravenous verapamil infusion compared with those administerd phenformin alone. Pharmacokinetic parameters such as $C_{max}$ and AUC of phenformin increased and CL/F and Vss/F decreased as a consequence of verapamil treatment. These results suggested that P-gp blockade by verapamil may decrease the phenformin disposition and increase plasma phenformin concentrations. P-gp inhibition by verapamil treatment also increased plasma lactate concentration, which is a crucial adverse event of phenformin. In conclusion, P-gp may play an important role in phenformin transport process and, therefore, contribute to the modulation of pharmacokinetics of phenformin and onset of plasma lactate level.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.14 no.6
• /
• pp.431-438
• /
• 2016

This study will be targeting 21-24 years old college students majoring in physical education. This study covers the effect of kinesiology taping and icing treatment on the recovery rate of blood lactate concentration, and cardiovascular function so that it can provide the basic data for improving physical performance. As a result of this study, Kinesio taping and icing aid the recovery rate of the maximum load of lactic acid recovery rate and 30 minutes after exercise heart rate after exercise, but increased, after 15 minutes, immediately after exercise heart rate, exercise lactate and heart rate, and 30 minutes after exercise lactate showed no difference. In conclusion, Kinesio taping and icing treatment, reduce pain and fatigue but it is not satisfactory. Further study, applying a more accurate and technical form of exercise programs needs to continuously research the effects of Kinesio taping and icing treatment

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
• /
• v.9 no.3
• /
• pp.356-362
• /
• 1999

Humans may lose considerable amounts of water and electrolytes from sweat during exercise in a hot climate. Optimal ingestion of fluid-replacement beverages may overcome an obstacle factor of exercise performance in the heat. This study was performed the comparison of heart rate and blood lactate between ingestion of Prunus mume solution and water solution during graded maximal exercise using bicycle ergometer in the heat(ambient temperature of 31-32$^{\circ}C$ and relative humidity of 50-55%). Ten healthy no-heat-acclimatized males participated in the study. Exercise duration until all-out of graded testing in the condition of Prunus mume solution ingestion(786.15$\pm$47.66s) was significantly higher(P＜0.05) than the condition of water ingestion. Heart rate at 4 min during graded testing and recovery phase in the condition of Prunus mume solution ingestion was significantly lower(P＜0.05) than the condition of water ingestion. Blood lactate concentration at 30min of recovery phase after graded maximal exercise in the condition of Prunus mume solution ingestion was significantly lower(P＜0.05) than the condition of water ingestion. Recovery rate of blood lactate concentration at 15 min and 30 min of recovery phase after grated maximal exercise in the condition of Prunus mume solution ingestion was significantly lower(P＜0.05) than the condition of water ingestion. Present results suggested that ingestion of Prunus mume solution showed the positive effects on the cardiorespiratory function and acid-base regulation as compared with ingestion of water during graded maximal exercise and recovery phase in hot environment.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
• /
• v.23 no.5
• /
• pp.495-500
• /
• 2000

We investigated whether S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) treatment improved ischemic injury using perfused rat liver after sequential periods of 24 h cold and 20 min re-warming ischemia. SAM (100 $\mu\textrm{mol/L}$) was added to University of Wisconsin (UW) solution and Ringers lactate solution. After cold and sequential warm ischemia, releases of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) markedly increased during repefusion. The increase in PNP was significantly reduced by SAM treatment. While the concentration of reduced glutathione (GSH) in ischemic livers significantly decreased, the concentration of glutathione disulfide (GSSG) increased. This decrease in GSH and increase in GSSG were suppressed by SAM treatment. Lipid peroxidation was elevated in cold and warm ischemic and reperfused livers, but this elevation was also prevented by SAM treatment. Hepatic ATP levels were decreased in the ischemic and reperfused livers to 42% of the control levels. However, treatment with SAM resulted in significantly higher ATP levels and preserved the concentration of AMP in ischemic livers. Our findings suggest that SAM prevents oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation and helps preserve hepatic energy metabolism.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
• /
• v.59 no.3
• /
• pp.373-378
• /
• 2021

The study aimed to develop a high-power enzymatic electrode for a wearable fuel cell that generates electricity utilizing lactate present in a sweat as fuel. Anode was fabricated by immobilizing lactate oxidase (LOx) on flexible carbon paper. As the lactate concentration in the electrolyte solution increased, the amount of current generated by catalysis of lactate oxidase increased. The immobilized LOx generated 1.5-times greater oxidation current density in the presence of gold nanoparticles than carbon paper only. Bilirubin oxidase (BOD)-immobilized cathode generated a larger amount of reduction current in the electrolyte saturated with oxygen than purged with nitrogen. A fuel cell composed of two electrodes was fabricated and cell voltage was measured under different discharge current. At the discharge current density of 66.7 ㎂/cm², the cell voltage was 0.5±0.0 V leading to maximum cell power density of 33.8±2.5 ㎼/cm².

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
• /
• v.20 no.5
• /
• pp.1254-1260
• /
• 2006

The purpose of this study was to the Pre-Post submaximal exercise for analyze the Blood Lactate, LDH(Lactate Dehydrogenase) and Glucose in the runners. The subjects were 12 volunteers 6 sprinters and 6 distance runners who agreed to intention of this study. Subjects peformed until possible all-out trials. Blood samples were taken from a Ante cubital vein Pre-Post exercise and every rest 5min during the all-out trial. The results obtained were summarized as follow; 1) Blood Lactate of Pre-Post exercise in treadmill test showed no significant difference between sprinters and distance runners, but showed significant in sprinters and distance respectively. 2) Serum LDH of Pre-Post exercise in treadmill test showed no significant difference between sprinters and distance runners, and that showed no significant in sprinters and distance respectively. 3) Blood Glucose of Pre-Post exercise in treadmill test showed no significant difference between sprinters and distance runners, and showed no significant in distance, but showed significant in sprinters. These data indicate first that the value of 4mmol/${\ell}$, commonly referred to as OBLA(Onset of Blood Lactate),may often underestimate the upper limit of tolerance to lactate during a maximal endurance peformance test until all-out. second, our date suggested that the sprinters exercise decreases serum LDH activities and the distance increases serum LDH activities. therefore serum LDH concentration changed following a different exercise. Third. for the concentration of the glucose in blood the sprinters was show to be higher. However it needs more studies to find out the relationship between this result and the fitness factor. therefor, since the runners has an intermittent characteristic which includes a frequent momentary change, it needs the fitness training that being consisted of various training. in the training method, it needs the training process which is from the whole fitness to specific fitness to improve general physical ability.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
• /
• v.11 no.4
• /
• pp.5-10
• /
• 2004

This study selected 10 university football male players and repeatedly treated them as sports massage group, exercise resumption group, and stability resumption. After maximum exercise, when sport massage, exercise resumption, and stability resumption were applied during recovery, blood lactic acid concentration and $LDH_5$ isozyme concentration were examined. Finally this study obtains the following conclusion 1. There was a significant difference in both lactic acid concentration and time between groups. Besides, the cross-action on group and time was significant. 2. There was a significant difference in both $LDH_5$ concentration and time between groups. Besides, the cross-action on group and time was significant. Based on the above findings, this study suggests that sport massage resumption and exercise resumption remove blood lactic acid more quickly than stability resumption to promote recovery. That means that sport massage and exercise resumption anre very effective for lowering the level of fatigue. Thus sport massage or exercise resumption treatment is considered to have a very positive effect on player's quick recovery and it should be used aggressively in a field.