• KSBB Journal
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.397-404
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• 1993

Two strains were isolated from the vinegar of Korean traditional fermented rice wine and the vine gar of fermented persimmon, respectively. These strains, designated as KM and BPV, were identified as the genus Acetobacter with respect to morphological, physiological, and biochemical characteristics. The Isolates oxidized ethanol to acetate and over-oxidized acetate or lactate to CO2 and H2O. They were positive in catalase test, while being negative in oxidase, gelatin liquefaction, VP test, H2O production and indole formation tests. No ${\gamma}$-pyrones ware produced from glucose and fructose. KM was tolerant of 11% ethanol while BPV was relatively sensitive to ethanol at a higher concentration than 5%. The guanine-plus-cytosine contents of the DNA of KM and BPV strains were 53.8 and 56.6 mol%, respectively. The cellular fatty acid compositions contained in these isolates were saturated straightchain C14:0 and C16:0,, and unsaturated straight-chain C18:1. Major ubiquinone system of KM was Q-9, but that of BPV was Q-10. In morphophysiological and biochemical aspects, KM strain was similar to Acetobacter pasteurianus. However, BPV strain was different from other Acetobacter type strains.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제60권4호
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• pp.237-240
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• 2020

This is the report of sacroiliac luxation in a Holstein-Friesian cow, describing the progression of the sacroiliac luxation from the onset of its development with changes in estradiol (E2) and serum chemistry. The high estrogen concentration was assumed to be a predisposing factor of the disease that relaxed the pelvic muscles and a secondary slippery finally caused the sacroiliac luxation. The E2 was present at levels four times higher in the cow with sacroiliac luxation (167 pg/mL) than in normal cows. Above normal levels of creatinine kinase, aspartate aminotransferase, and lactate dehydrogenase were also observed in cow with sacroiliac luxation.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.246-253
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• 2017

Objective: Present study explores the effect of hot summer period on the glycolytic rate of early post-mortem meat quality of Ghungroo and Large White Yorkshire (LWY) pig and comparative adaptability to high temperature between above breeds by shifting the expression of stress related genes like mono-carboxylate transporters (MCTs) and heat shock proteins (HSPs). Methods: Healthy pigs of two different breeds, viz., LYW and Ghungroo (20 from each) were maintained during hot summer period (May to June) with a mean temperature of about $38^{\circ}C$. The pigs were slaughtered and meat samples from the longissimus dorsi (LD) muscles were analyzed for pH, glycogen and lactate content and mRNA expression. Following 24 h of chilling, LD muscle was also taken from the carcasses to evaluate protein solubility and different meat quality measurements. Results: LWY exhibited significantly (p<0.01) higher plasma cortisol and lactate dehydrogenase concentration than Ghungroo indicating their higher sensitivity to high temperature. LD muscle from LWY pigs revealed lower initial and ultimate pH values and higher drip loss compared to Ghungroo, indicating a faster rate of pH fall. LD muscle of Ghungroo had significantly lower lactate content at 45 min postmortem indicating normal postmortem glycolysis and much slower glycolytic rate at early postmortem. LD muscle of LWY showed rapid postmortem glycolysis, higher drip loss and higher degrees of protein denaturation. Ghungroo exhibited slightly better water holding capacity, lower cooking loss and higher protein solubility. All HSPs (HSP27, HSP70, and HSP90) and MCTs (MCT1, MCT2, and MCT4) in the LD muscle of pigs inclined to increase more in Ghungroo than LWY when exposed to high temperature. Conclusion: Effect of high temperature on the variation of HSPs and MCTs may play a crucial role in thermal tolerance and adaptation to different climatic conditions, pH regulation, muscle acidification, drip loss, protein denaturation and also in postmortem meat quality development.

• 대한약리학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.55-59
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• 1974

Further elucidation of the mechanism of halothane's negative inotropic action has resulted from a study of the effect of various substrates on halothane-depressed rat atria. Approximately 6 mg% halothane was required to maintain a 50% depression of the contractility of rat atria suspended in a modified Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate glucose medium, pH 7.4, $30^{\circ}C$ for 2hr. Both lactate and acetate were found to restore partially the contractility of halothane-depressed atria. The maximally effective concentration of lactate was 5 mM; for acetate it was 2.5mM. Neither 5 nor 20 mM of additional glucose was effective in restoring the force of contraction of halothane-depressed atria. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that halothane exerts at least a part of its negative inotropic effect on rat atria by inhibiting either the uptake or utilization of glucose by the myocardium. The site of blockade must be prior to the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA. In our previous report dealing with the mechanism of cardiac depressant action of inhalation anesthetic halothane, it has been demonstrated that: 1) approximately 6 mg/100 ml halothane is required to maintain 50% depression of the force of contraction of isolated rat atria in Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate glucose medium; 2) pyruvate partially restores the contractility of halothane-depressed atria, but has no effect on normal atria; the partial recovery of depressed atria by the addition of sodium pyruvate is due to the effect of the pyruvate ion itself, not to the sodium ion; 4) addition of pyruvate, to atria depressed with hypertonic medium, produced only further depression. From these findings we concluded that the cardiac depressant action of halothane on rat atria is a manifestation of inhibition of glucose uptake or utilization. The present studies were undertaken to observe the effect of other substrates on halothane-depressed atria in order to substantiate our conclusion. As with the case of pyruvate, lactate and acetate also partially restored the force of contraction of halothane-depressed atria. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that halothane inhibits glucose uptake or utilization in the glycolytic cycle of the myocardium.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제32권8호
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• pp.1377-1384
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• 2003

본 실험에서는 Sprague-Dawley계 수컷 흰쥐의 간장 및 혈청 지질 농도와 임상생화학적 지표에 미치는 식이지방원 및 식이섬유원을 달리한 식이를 급여한 영향을 검토하였다. 실험 식이군은 5% corn oil +5% cellulose 함유 CO군, 10% corn oil +10% 차전자피 함유 CO +PH군 및 10% lard+10% 차전자피 함유 LA+PH군인 3군으로 나누었으며 실험식이와 물은 6주간 자유급여 시켰다. 체중 증가량 및 식이효율은 CO군에 비해 LA+PH군에서 유의적으로 증가하였고, CO+PH군에서는 유의적인 증가경향을 보였다. 식이 섭취량 및 장기 중량은 실험군간에 차이가 없었다. 혈청총 콜레스테롤 농도는 CO군에 비해 CO+PH군에서 유의적으로 감소하였으나, LA + PH군과는 차이가 없었다. 혈청 중성지방 및 인지질 농도는 CO군에 비해 CO +PH군 및 LA+ PH군에서 유의적으로 감소하였다. 간장 콜레스테롤 농도는 LA +PH군에서 유의적으로 감소하였다. 혈청 임상생화학적 지표 중 glutamic pyruvic transaminase 활성 은 LA+PH군에서 유의적으로 높았으며, lactate dehydrogenase 활성 및 blood urea nitrogen은 오히려 LA + PH군에서 유의적으로 감소하였다. 다른 혈청 임상생화학적 지표중 총 단백질, 알부민, 포도당, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase 및 lactate dehydrogenase활성은 각 실험군 간에 차이가 없었다. 이상의 결과로부터 식이 차전자피에 의한 혈중 지질 농도의 저하효과는 식이지방원 lard 첨가군에 비해 corn oil 첨가군에서 더욱 현저하였다.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.21-30
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• 1988

경북북부지역의 전통음청유인 안동식혜를 Schme 1의 방법으로 제조하여 $12^{\circ}C$에서 48, 60, 72시간동안 발효숙성을 하고 40, 50, $60^{\circ}C$에서는 각각 2, 3, 4시간 발효시킨 후 $12^{\circ}C$에서 20시간 숙성하여 각 조건에서 생성된 비휘발성 유기산과 유리당을 측정하고 관능검사를 한 결과 다음과 같다. 1. 발효온도 $40^{\circ}C$에서 pH는 4.66으로 가장 낮았고 각 온도마다 시간경과에 따라 pH가 떨어지는 경향이었으나 $50^{\circ}C$와 $60^{\circ}C$에서는 2시간을 제외한 3,4시간에서는 시간경과에 따라 pH가 더 높았다. 당도는 12$^{\circ}C$에서 40, 50, $60^{\circ}C$로 온도상승과 2시간에서 3, 4시간 경과에 비례하여 높았다. 2. 총산도는 발효온도가 낮아짐에 따라 반비례적으로 높게 생성되었으며, Oxalate는 control에서만 검출되었을뿐 발효 식혜에서는 거의 생성되지 않았고, Maleate는 $50^{\circ}C$와 $60^{\circ}C$에서, Fumalate는 $60^{\circ}C$에서 생성되지 않았으며 전시료중 가장 많이 생성된 산은 Malate였다. 12$^{\circ}C$에서 48시간은 Malate와 Citrate, Fumalate가 실험조건중 가장 많이 생성되었고, Lactate와 Suc-cinate,그리고 Maleate는 $40^{\circ}C$의 3시간 발효에서 가장많이 생성되었다. 3. 유리당중 Fructose는 control에서 검출된 량과 각 온도별에서 검출된 량이 별 변화를 볼 수 없었으나 그 외 당은 온도상승에 따라 glucose는 2~3배정도, Maltose는 2배 이상 증가하였다. 4. 관능검사결과 $40^{\circ}C$에서 3시간 발효시켜 12$^{\circ}C$에서 20시간 숙성시킨 것이 Fructose 0.45%, Glucose 1.25% 그리고 Maltose 11.5%로서 당도는 14.6%였다 또한 유기산으로는 Lactate Succinate 그리고 Maleate가 실험시료중 제일 많이 생성되어 가장 맛이 있는 것으로 판단되었다.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.1646-1658
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• 2020

이 연구의 목적은 운동 후 수중회복방법의 차이가 성장호르몬, 테스토스테론, 혈중젖산농도, 심부담도, 통증의 변화를 알아보는 것이다. 저항운동 경력 6개월 이상인 남자 7명을 대상으로 집중 웨이트 트레이닝과 서킷 웨이트트레이닝을 1RM의 60%강도로 실시한 다음 회복방법으로 수중걷기회복과 수중앉기 회복을 진행하였다. 성장호르몬은 모든 운동형태와 회복방법에서 운동 후, 회복 후, 안정 시 순으로 높게 나타났으며, 테스토스테론은 운동 후, 회복 후, 안정 시 순으로 높았다. 혈중젖산농도는 모든 운동형태와 회복방법에서 운동 후, 회복 후, 안정 시 순으로 높았으며 집중저항운동 후 동적회복이 정적회복보다 낮았다. 심부담도는 모든 운동형태와 회복방법에서 운동 후, 회복 후, 안정 시 순으로 높았다. 근통증은 모든 운동형태와 회복방법에서 운동직후, 회복 후, 24시간, 48시간, 72시간 순으로 감소하였다. 물속 환경에서도 동적회복이 정적회복보다 근피로 개선에 효과가 있는 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.45-55
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• 2019

Objective : Diabetic gastroparesis is a complication that is defined as delayed gastric emptying and upper gastrointestinal symptoms and often occurs in long-standing diabetic patients. Bojungikgi-tang (BJT) is a traditional oriental herbal formula that has long been used for the treatment of digestive disorders. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of BJT on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic gastroparesis rat model. Methods : Sprague-Dawley (SD) male rats (250-270g) were divided into 13 groups including normal group, STZ-induced diabetic control group, BJT diet (7 various concentrations), and insulin-, glibenclamide-, metformin-treated group were used for the experiments for the comparison. Diabetic gastroparesis was induced by intraperitoneal injection of STZ. The water intake, food intake, body weights and fasting blood glucose levels were measured. After 4 weeks the animals were sacrificed and gastrin, leptin, insulin, hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c), lactate, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), bilirubin, creatinine, albumin and lipid levels were evaluated. Results : Intraperitoneal injection of BJT for 4 weeks resulted in increased levels of gastrin in blood and decreased leptin and lactate concentration in STZ-induced diabetic gastroparesis rat model. BJT did not affect insulin, fasting glucose, HbA1c, and lipid levels in STZ-induced diabetic gastroparesis rat model. Conclusion : These results indicated that BJT would have protect effect on diabetic gastroparesis through the improvement effect of gastric motility and fatigue syndrome in STZ-induced diabetic rats. This study shows that BJT might be effective for treatment of diabetes and its complications such as gastroparesis.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.757-768
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• 2002

본 연구는 반추가축에 있어 통옥수수를 주로 이용한 조사료 무급여사료의 발효특징을 알아 보기 위하여 실시하였다. 대조구는 steam- flaked corn으로 구성된 농후사료 (80%)와 볏짚(20%)을 혼합한 사료 SFCR)와 통옥수수와 면실피로 구성된 조사료 무급여사료(WC)를 사용하였다. 실험 1은 한우 반추위 미생물을 이용하여 in vitro 시험을 2처리 3반복 시험을 배양시간 48시간 동안 실시하였고, 실험 2는 한국재래산양을 이용한 반추위 내 발효 특성을 알아보기 위하여 in vivo 시험을 2처리 4반복 실험을 15일간 실시 하였으며, in sacco 시험은 2처리 3반복으로 시험을 3일간 실시하였다. 실험 1에서 SFCR구와 WC구 모두 반추위 적정 pH를 유지하였으며 처리간에 유의성은 없었으나 배양 4시간 대에 SFCR에서 다소 낮은 경향을 나타내었다. Gas 발생량은 SFCR구에서 유의적으로 높았으며(p<0.01), $NH_3$-N 농도는 WC구에서 다소 높은 경향을 나타내었다. Total VFA농도는 8시간대까지 WC구에서 유의성있게(p<0.01) 낮았고 이후 유의성은 없었으나 두 처리구 모두 점차적으로 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 전체 평균 Acetate 함량은 SFCR구에서 모두 유의적으로 높았으며(p<0.01), 전체배양시간에 동안 propionate 함량은 WC구에서 유의적으로 높았다(p<0.01). 건물소화율은 두 처리구 모두 유의적 차이가 없으나 SFCR구에서 다소 높은 경향을 보였다. 실험 2에서 두 처리구 모두 전체적으로 다소 낮은 pH를 보였으며 유의적 차이는 없었으나 SFCR구에서 다소 높은 경향을 보였다. 반추위 미생물단백질 함량은 SFCR구에서 유의하게 높았으나, $NH_3$-N 농도는 WC구에서 유의하여 높았다(p<0.01). Total VFA함량과 propionate 함량도 WC구에서 유의하게 높았으나(p<0.01), acetate 함량은 유의성은 없었고 WC구에서 다소 높았다. 전체적인 Lactate 함량은 두 처리구에서 유의적 차이를 보였으나(p<0.01) 산독증 발병 수준 이하의 함량을 나타내었다. Nylon bag에 의한 한국재래산양 반추위 내 in sacco 건물소실율은 SFCR에서 유의적으로 높은 경향을 나타내었다(p<0.01). 이상의 시험 결과에 의하면 농후사료 80%와 볏짚 20%로 구성된 SFCR 사료가 반추위 내 발효 특성에 있어서 통옥수수와 면실피로 구성된 조사료 무급여사료와 큰 차이가 없었으며, 반면 조사료 무급여사료는 사료 가공비용 감소에 의해 경제성이 증가할 것이다.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.27-35
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• 2010

Objectives : The present study investigated anti-inflammatory effect of Artemisia Capilaris Thunberg in lipopolysaccharide-exposed rats. Methods : We divided lipopolysaccharide-exposed Sprague-Dawley rats into 4 groups. They were normal group, feed with 100 mg/kg Artemisia Capillaris Thunberg group, feed with 200 mg/kg Artemisia Capillaris Thunberg group and feed with 300 mg/kg Artemisia capilaris Thunberg group. They were administered for 6 weeks. We measured counts of red blood cell(RBC), the values of hemoglobin(Hb) and packed cell volume(PCV), plasma total protein concentration, albumin concentration, the ratio of albumin/globulin, the activities of plasma glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase(GOT), glutamic pyruvic transaminase(GPT), lactate dehydrogenase(LDH), the counts of white blood cell(WBC), the ratio of neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, basophils, eosinophils, the concentration of plasma interleukin-$1{\beta}$($IL-1{\beta}$), plasma interleukin-6(IL-6), plasma tumor necrosis factor-$\alpha$($TNF-{\alpha}$), plasma interleukin-10(IL-10), the concentration of liver $IL-1{\beta}$ and IL-6, $TNF-{\alpha}$, IL-10. Results : Counts of RBC and the values of Hb and PCV, plasma total protein concentration and albumin concentration, the activities of plasma GOT, GPT and LDH showed no significant difference in the treatment groups. and the ratio of albumin/globulin was increased in Artemisia Capillaris Thunberg groups. The counts of WBC showed lower values in Artemisia Capillaris Thunberg groups than those of control group, In the ratio of neutrophils Thunberg groups. The ration of monocytes, basophils and eosinophils were below 5%, and showed no characteristic trend. The concentration of plasma interleukin-$1{\beta}$($IL-1{\beta}$), plasma inerleukin-6(IL-6) and plasma tumor necrosis factor-$\alpha$($TNF-{\alpha}$) showed a lower values in the Artemisia Capillaris Thunberg groups than those of control group, and the concentration of plasma interleukin-10(IL-10) showed no significant difference in the treatment groups. The concentration of liver $IL-1{\beta}$ and IL-6 showed a lower values in the Artemisia Capillaris Thunberg groups than those of control group, however the concentration of liver $TNF-{\alpha}$ and IL-10 showed no significant difference in the treatment groups. Conclusions : The Artemisia Capillaris Thunberg groups gives positive results of anti-inflammatory response by lipopolysaccharide(LPS) derivation.