• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.337-345
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• 2012

One of representative Korean fisheries, jigging and angling has 5,700 vessels for squid and hairtail. Hairtail angling is the most typical fishery in Jeju and has an enormous impact on regional economy. However, the price hike in oil and labor costs triggered the necessity of developing a high efficient and energy saving fish luring lamp in recent times. For that reason, this study aimed to analyze the fishing performance of the aircooled LED lamp targeting hairtail angling fishery. The experiment was conducted from September through October in 2009-2011 for a 9.77 ton of fishing vessel setting up 100 lamps. The fishing performance was tested compared with 6 vessels using metal halide lamps in the same waters. As the LED lamp's performance goes up, different lamps were used in 2008 for 80W, 2009 for 120W and 2011 for 180W respectively. The catch and CPUE of the experimental vessel have gradually increased respectively taking the $4^{th}$ and $6^{th}$ place in 2009, the $4^{th}$ and $2^{nd}$ place in 2010, the $1^{st}$ and $1^{st}$ place in 2011 among the 7 vessels. In summary, the LED fishing lamp showed higher fishing performance than comparison groups. It saved 33% of oil consumption and cut down on operating expenses and greenhouse gases emission.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.840-844
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• 2016

Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) is a grain crop with high nutritional value. The leaves and sprouts of quinoa can also be consumed either raw or cooked, providing considerably nutritional value as well as high antioxidant and anticancer activities. This study was carried out to obtain basic data to assist in the practical design of a plant factory with artificial lighting for the cultivation of quinoa as a leafy vegetable. We estimated the energy content of the quinoa and the electrical energy required to produce this crop. The yield was 1,000 plants per day, with a planting density and light intensity of $0.015m^2$ ($15{\times}10cm$) and $200{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$, respectively. The total number of plants, cultivation area, and electricity consumption were estimated to be 25,000, $375m^2$, and $93,750{\mu}mol{\cdot}s^{-1}$, respectively. White fluorescent lamps were used at a power of 20.4 kW from 1,857 fluorescent lamps (FL, 55 W), and the cost for electricity was approximately 1,820 dollars (exchange rate of $1 = 1,200 won) per month. For a daily harvest of 1,000 plants per day in a closed plant factory, the estimated light installation cost, total installation cost, and total production cost would be 15,473, 46,421, and 55,704 dollars, respectively. The calculated production cost per plant, including labor costs, would be 27 cents for the 25-day cultivation period, with a marketable ratio of 80%. Considering the annual total expenses, income, and depreciation costs, the selling price per plant was estimated to be approximately 56 cents.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.1-19
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• 2000

We have witnessed several kinds of new discourses and practices in health and medicine since the 1970s, such as popular concerns with alternative or complementary medicine, inordinate attention to the promotion of 'healthy' living, rapid resurrection of traditional medicine and ecological management of health. Four structural and situational factors are discussed to underlie these new trends：(i) as 'crisis' in health care of the 1970s was translated into health care reform of the 1980s backed up by neo-liberal political philosophy, the state responsibility for nation's health is being transferred to the individual ；(ii) it resulted from the limits of biomedical paradigm in dealing with chronic diseases；(iii) medico-scientific knowledge of disease is transformed into the subjective discourses and technologies of health in postmodern society ； and (iv) it is deeply associated with the considerable increase in environmental risk perception of health and disease. There are some inherent countervailing forces in these new discourses and practices. First, while they derive from lifestyle-oriented behavioral change, medicalization of life and death is still consolidated in the new trends. Second, inasmuch as new tides are reliant upon science, they. are likely to be remote from techne that means not the practical application of theoretical knowing but a special form of practical knowing. Third, as new discourses and activities accomplished＇in the name of health＇increasingly occupy important strategies in forming the self-identity, they serve as moral apparatus which involves prescriptions about how we should live our lives and conduct our bodies, both individually and collectively. Therefore, two points are suggested to consider seriously whether these streams will succeed in improving the‘healthy’living of all the people. Instead of limiting tile perspective to medicine, healing and health care, a new matrix that interweave welfare, ecology and labor along with them is timely needed for enhancing the health for all. In addition, as the World Health Report fm strongly shows, inequality in health heavily depends upon socio-economic development of a society, and it is not the richest countries that have the best health status, but those that have the smallest income differences between rich and poor.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.1033-1041
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• 2013

In this paper, we investigate several variance estimators for pps systematic sampling. Unfortunately, there is no unbiased variance estimators for a systematic sample because systematic sampling can be regarded as a random selection of one cluster. This study provides guidance on which variance estimator may be more appropriate than others in several circumstances. We judge the efficiency of variance estimators for systematic sampling based on of their relative biases and relative mean square error. Also, we investigate variance estimation problems for two-stage systematic sampling applied for the Food Raw Material Consumption Survey and the Establishment Labor Force Survey simulation study, in order to consider the popular two-stage pps systematic sample design for establishment and household survey in Korea.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.515-529
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• 2003

This theoretical model makes three contributions to the study on economic growth and environment. First, emissions are generated during final goods production and technology accumulation. Second, this paper assumes that pollution is directly increasing with increase in final goods output or in consumption. Third, we use reproducible factors associated with labor and capital input in production function and assume constant return to scale in reproducible factors. From growth rate condition we derived, increases in reproducible factors, increases in productivity of either the abatment or technology sector, and decrease in social discount rate would increase the sustainable growth rate. In empirical test, the environmental degradation did not effect the economic growth rate though other factors satisfied the growth rate condition equation. However, through the reinterpretation of this result, we found indirectly the fact of that an inverted U relationship between air pollution and economic growth rate would exist in 20 OECD countries using a panel data for the period of 1986~1995.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.87-107
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• 2002

The sea of north-east Asia is biologically interrelated and one country's mishap in the management of fisheries could have a critical effect upon the other. Accordingly under the TAC system adopted by all the countries of Korea, Japan and China, the mismanagement o( trans-boundary fish stocks under the provisional fisheries agreement prior to the delimitation of EEZ could lead to the irrevocable depletion of fisheries resources in case of absence of close cooperation among the countries concerned. To tackle the problems above, it is necessary, from a short term perspective, to promote the combined efforts to do researches on fisheries resources, find ways to improve the transparency of fisheries management, adjust the fisheries management regulations of each country, standardize fishing gears and methods, and exchange fisheries-related statistics and data for socio-economic analysis and strengthen joint research activities for the mutual benefits. From a longer term prospective, regional fisheries organization need to be set up to oversee the whole area of north-east Asian sea. The organization as such could play a role in adjusting the conflicting interests of Korea, Japan and China, and efficiently manage the fisheries resources, which is complex and challenging in nature. In addition, unlike China, the historical fisheries relationship between Korea and Japan, spirit of reciprocity and the Article 62 of the United Nations Convention On the Law Of Sea need to be taken into account when seeking for fisheries cooperation between the two countries through the international specialization. In other words, the data obtained through the joint researches on the fisheries resources for the specific ocean along with such factors as capital, labor, fisheries technology and consumption of fish products could be used to assign the specific sector of fisheries to the country who has a comparative advantage, thus achieving the mutually benefiting results Up to the present, concerted efforts by Korea, Japan and China on the fisheries cooperation have been consistently made, but the results have yet to be materialized, It is also beyond doubt that governmental consultations among the countries should be made on a consistent basis, but non-governmental organizations' exchanges and related joint researches will more likely help bring about the desired fruition in a shorter time.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.89-96
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• 2002

The trend of consumption of vegetable soybeans is increasing because they are recognized as the clean vegetable. The works requiring the most intensive labor are threshing and seperation ones, and they form about 80% of total labour for vegetable soybeans production. It is necessary to develop the vegetable soybeans-thresher for the sake of cost down of vegetable soybeans production. The purpose of this study is to acquire the basic informations to design of the vegetable soybeans-thresher. We make the experimental system which control the speed of threshing cylinder and the teeth gap and investigate the detachment forces. The result are as follows ; The ratio of un-threshed soybeans-pod to stem after threshing work is decreasing as the threshing cylinder speed increases: 0.0% and 2.8% at 55m/s and 18m/s of threshing cylinder speed respectively. Also the ratio of un-threshed soybeans-pod to stem is shown as 2.0% below in the condition of 64~160mm of teeth gap and over 28m/s of threshing cylinder speed. The damaged pod ratio of detached soybeans after threshing work is decreasing as the threshing cylinder speed increases: 4.8% and 1.3% at 55m/s and 18m/s of threshing cylinder speed respectively. The minimum damaged pod ratio of detached soybeans are shown as 1.0%, 1.5% and 1.9% at 18m/s, 28m/s and 37m/s of threshing cylinder speed respectively. The average detachment forces of pods are shown as 1.5kg$_{f}$ for 3 grains, 1.2kg$_{f}$ for 2 grains and 0.8kg$_{f}$ for 1 grain respectively. The maximum detachment force of pod is shown as 2.7kg$_{f}$ for 3 grains. grains.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.217-254
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is comparing fiscal sustainability of 17 welfare states. Borrowed the concept of fiscal space to Ostry et al(2010) and Ghosh et al(2011), this study measures the fiscal sustainability in welfare states. Using data collected from 20 OECD countries from 1986 to 2013, this study attempts to evaluate the financial sustainability of each country. As a result, it is necessary that the appropriate level of tax burden is secured. Tax revenue is the funded basis for maintaining the welfare state, so increasing tax compliance to offset the negative impact of increasing welfare spending will promote social cohesion. In therms of tax structure, in accordance with the ability to pay principle, it is important to raise the equity between the source of taxation. Reducing the gap between labor and capital tax is required to achieve horizontal equity, It is also useful to utilize the financial base of the welfare state by broadening the tax base though a consumption tax. Improving the vertical equity can also make a positive contribution to the fiscal sustainability of the welfare state.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.471-501
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• 2021

We measure Environmental Efficiency (EE) based on CO₂ in four income groups from 1998 to 2018, using the Meta Stochastic Frontier Analysis method by Input Distance Function. Our results showed that economic growth and energy consumption would increase carbon dioxide emissions, and increasing labor and capital input will reduce it. Moreover, we compared Group Environmental Efficiency (GEE), Meta Environmental Efficiency (MEE), and Environmental Gap Ratio (EGR). The results showed that GEEs were be overestimated. Furthermore, the MEE showed a downward trend during this period. The lower-middle-income group had the highest EGR performance. High-income and upper-middle-income groups showed less efficiency in MEE and EGR. To improve environmental efficiency, we must reduce fossil fuels and find more scientific and technological ways to solve existing environmental problems as soon as possible.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.398-408
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• 2021

Since COVID-19, the world's food shortage population has more than doubled from 130 million to 270 million. In addition, as various issues related to the food industry such as climate change arise, the importance of agriculture and livestock is increasing. In particular, it is still difficult to utilize data generated in these field. Therefore, the objective of this study was to explain the limitations of using data based on fragmentary analysis and the necessity of Digital Twin. The additional objective was to propose an architecture and necessary technologies of a Digital Twin platform suitable for agricultural and livestock. It also proposed a Digital Twin-based service that could be used in the near future, such as labor reduction, productivity improvement, personalized consumption, transportation, and distribution by incorporating intelligent information convergence technology into facility horticulture and livestock farming.