• 전기의세계
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• v.49 no.7
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• pp.9-12
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• 2000

현대의 이동통신 시장은 제3세대를 맞이하여 cellular에서 PCS(Personal Communication System) 그리고 IMT-2000으로 점차 광대역 서비스를 위한 하드웨어 및 소프트웨어가 발전하고 있다. 이러한 시스템을 구성하는 부품 중에서 신호를 송수신하는 부품은 전력소모와 소형화를 위한 노력이 지속적으로 진행되어 왔으며 hybrid 상태에서 점차적으로 one chip형태의 집적회로, 즉 MMIC(Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuit)에 대한 요구가 급격히 증가되고 있다. 특히 이동통신단말기의 가장 고가의 RF부품인 전력증폭기의 요구사양이 우수한 선형성 및 전력효율이라는 측면에서 GaAs MMIC 기술이 주도적으로 쓰일 것이라는 면과 또한 여러형태의 이동통신이 더욱 높은 주파수대역으로 이동함에 따라 관련시장의 폭발적인 발전이 예상되고 있다. 전략 분석가인 Stephen Entwistle은 1999년의 GaAs IC시장의 규모를 22.5억불로 평가하였으며, CIBC World Market의 Earl Lum은 24억불수준으로 평가하였다. 2004년에는 110억불 수준에 이를 것으로 예상되고 있다. 본 논문의 전반부에서는 최근의 MMIC시장의 동향을 최신 article을 참고로 하여 정리하였으며, 후반에서는 최근의 관련 워크샵의 내용 중 국내의 MMIC기술현황을 간추려 요약하였다.

• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 2009.11a
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• pp.245-250
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• 2009

A variety of change in modern society has affected a family structure. In addition birth rate is getting lower and nuclear family type is getting common, influence of children has highly increased. According to this phenomenon, needs and concern about education and culture for children increase sharply. Children cultural complex can be learning field, which helps children not only to rediscover the world by themselves but also to have various and abundant experience. The purpose of this study is going to extract a planning factor of the children cultural complex through case studies of korean and oversea project for adaptable children cultural complex. In addition, this study tries to analyze the features of the children cultural complex in korean and oversea. Consequently, The analysis result is to be introduced party room to children cultural complex, used the PVC tile and carpet tile for safety of children and variety, and executed program relevant to nature.

• 유체기계공업학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2006.08a
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• pp.265-268
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• 2006

In this paper, the research background and objectives of the wind mapping project of the Korean Peninsula, which has been carrying out as a part of "Investigation of new-renewable energy resources and establishment of comprehensive management system" funded by Korea Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Energy, are introduced together with the intermediate result of the project so far. The Korean wind map is to be established by numerical wind simulation based on terrain model ME-DEM and land-use model ME-LUM with the spatial resolution of 10km.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2003.07b
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• pp.671-674
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• 2003

본 논문에서는 Cobalt interlayer 와 Titanium Nitride(TiN) capping layer를 Ni SALICIDE의 단점인 열 안정성과 sheet resistance 와 series 저항을 감소시키는데 적용하여 0.lum 급 CMOS 소자의 특성을 연구하였다. 첫째로, Ni/Si 의 interface 에 Co interlayer 를 증착하여 Nickel Silicide의 단점인 열 안정성 평가인 700℃, 30min의 furnace annealing 후에 낮은 sheet resistance와 누설전류를 줄일 수 있었다. 두번째로, TiN caping layer를 적용하여 실리사이드 형성시 산소와의 반응을 막아 실리사이드의 표면특성을 향상시켜 누설전류의 특성을 개선하였다. 결과적으로 소자의 구동전류 향상, 누설전류 저하, 낮은 면저항으로 소자의 특성을 개선하였다.

• Journal of the Semiconductor & Display Technology
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• v.6 no.1 s.18
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• pp.43-48
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• 2007

For exposure systems, very accurate alignment between the mask and the substrate is indispensable. In this paper, an automatic alignment system using machine vision for exposure systems is described. Machine vision algorithms are described in detail including extraction of an alignment mark's center position and camera calibration. Methods for extracting parameters for alignment are also presented with some compensation techniques to reduce alignment time. Our alignment system was implemented with a vision system and motion control stages. The performance of the alignment system has been extensively tested with satisfactory results. The performance evaluation shows alignment accuracy of lum within total alignment time of about $2{\sim}3$ seconds including stage moving time.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.430-441
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to characterize functional distinction between human dental pulp cells(PC) and periodontal ligament cells(PDLC) using cDNA micro array assay and to confirm the results of the microarray assay using RT-PCR. 3 genes out of 51 genes which were found to be more expressed(>2 fold) in PC were selected, and 3 genes out of 19 genes which were found to be more expressed(>2 fold) in PDLC were selected for RT-PCR as well. According to this study, the results were as follows: 1. From the micro array assay, 51 genes were more expressed (2 fold) from PC than PDLC. 2. RT-PCR confirmed that ITGA4 and TGF ${\beta}2$ were more expressed in PC than in PDLC 3. From the micro array assay, 19 genes were more expressed (2 fold) from PDLC than PC. 4. RT-PCR confirmed that LUM, WISP1. and MMP1 were more expressed in PDLC than in PC. From the present study, different expression of the genes between the PC and PDLC were characterized to show the genes which play an important role in dentinogenesis were more expressed from PC than PDLC, while the genes which were related with collagen synthesis were more expressed from PDLC than PC.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.550-559
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• 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to verify the effects of the integrated dementia managing programme for the elderly with mild dementia in which the physiological, cognitive, emotional, sociological and spiritual aspects have considered. Methods: This study employed non-equivalent control group pre-post tests with the repeated measure design. The subjects of the study were 39 elderly with mild dementia (20 in the experimental group and 19 in the control group) who have admitted to two nursing homes in B city. The data were analyzed by repeated measures ANOVA. Results: There were significant interactions between two groups and times in self-efficacy (p=.011), cognitive function (p<.001), depression (p=.005), spiritual well-being (p=.002), and quality of life (p=.037). The integrated dementia managing programme of this study showed significant positive effects on the quality of life for the elderly with mild dementia. Conclusion: On considering the current trends of aging and increasing number of the elderly with dementia, this integrated programme would be highly recommended to be used in nursing homes for the elderly with mild dementia, and contribute to improving their quality of life, and saving the social and medical expenses as well.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.547-553
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• 1999

생체재료로 사용되는 polyurethane(PU) 표면에 항혈전성 lumbrokinase(LK)를 고정함으로써 생체적합성을 향상시키고자하였다. 먼저 LK를 PU 표면에 고정하기 위한 가교제로서 4-azidoaniline hydrochloride와 poly(acrylic acid)를 이용하여 4-azidophenyl 작용기가 amido 결합으로 치환된 수용성, 광반응성 poly(acrylic acid)(PPa-II)를 합성하였다. H-nuclear magnetic reasonance spectrum(500MHz H-NMR)의 6-7 peak와 infrared spectrum (FT-IR) 의 2125.48 cm peak으로부터 PPA-II의 합성을 지원하였다. EH한 4-azidophenyl 작용기가 poly(acrylid acid) 잔기에 치환된 정도는 UV/VIS adpectrophotometric spectrum을 확인한 결과 11~14%임을 알 수있었다. 0.5 1및 5% PPA-II를 각각 광반응하여 얻은 PU는 39.5, 161.8 및 181.5 nmole/$\textrm{cm}^2$의 농도로 표면에 carvoxyl 작용기가 유도되었음을 알 수있었다. 0.05M KH2PO4 (pH 4.5) 용액에서 1-ethyl-3-(3-(dimethylamino)propyl)carbodiimide(EDC)를 촉매로 사용하여 LK를 PU표면에 amido 공유결합으로 고정하였으며, 이것은 지속적인 fibrinolytic 활성도를 보였다. PPA-II를 이용한 표면 개질 방법은 수용성 반응조건에서 이루어진다는 점과 광반응을 이용함으로써 특정부위에서의 표면개질이 가능하다는 점에서 그 응용가치가 크며 아울러 PU의 생체적합성을 향상시킬 수 있는 방법으로서 판단된다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.365-371
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• 2017

Hydrogen has potential for preventive and therapeutic applications as an antioxidant. However, micro- and macroparticles of hydrogen in water disappear easily over time. In order to eliminate reactive oxygen species (ROS) related with the aging process, we used functional water containing nanoparticle hydrogen. Nanoparticle hydrogen does not disappear easily and collapse under water after long periods of time. We used murine embryonic fibroblasts that were isolated from 12.5-day embryos of C57BL/6 mice. We investigated the ability of nanoparticle hydrogen in water to suppress hydroxyurea-induced ROS production, cytotoxicity, and the accumulation of ${\beta}-galactosidase$ (an indicator of aging), and promote cell proliferation. The accumulation of ${\beta}-galactosidase$ in the cytoplasm and the appearance of abnormal nuclei were inhibited by daily treatment of cells with hydrogen water. When the aging process was accelerated by hydroxyurea-induced oxidative stress, the effect of hydrogen water was even more remarkable. Thus, this study showed the antioxidant and anti-senescence effects of hydrogen water. Nanoparticle hydrogen water is potentially a potent anti-aging agent.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.793-796
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• 2004

본 논문은 의료분야의 음성 인식 시스템의 발음모델의 성능 향상에 필요한 올바른 영어 단어 발음열을 얻고자 한다. 본 시스템의 텍스트는 의료 전문 용어인 영어와 한글의 조합으로 되어있어, 한국어 G2P 성능뿐만 아니라 영어 G2P의 성능도 중요한 문제가 되고 있다. 또한 본 시스템의 의료 음성 데이터가 한국 화자로써, 표기열이 영어식 발음 폰셋으로 변환되면 효율적이지 못하다. 이를 위해, 영어 G2P의 결과를 한국 화자에 적합하게 변환해주는 방법론이 필요하게 된다. 따라서 본 논문에서 제안하는 방법은 음성 텍스트에서 영어만 추출한 후, 영어 G2P 프로그램(addttp, NIST)을 이용해 발음열을 구한다. 그리고 한국 화자의 실제 음성을 통해 얻은 정답 발음열을 구하여 서로 비교한다. 비교를 위해 각 발음열의 한 폰씩 정렬을 수행한 후, 삽입, 삭제, 대치 에러가 이러나는 쌍과 좌우 바이그램 정보를 추출한다. 마지막으로, 좌우 바이그램 정보에서 best1의 에러 패턴을 통해 모든 단어에 적용한다. 이 때, 최종적으로 실보다 득이 되는 에러패턴만을 추출, 적용한다. 실험에서는 26여개의 에러 패턴을 찾을 수 있어, 8%의 올바른 발음열을 추가적으로 얻는데 성공하였다.