• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.115-143
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• 1994

In this paper,I present an extended two-level model using LR parsing techniques.The LR-based two-level model not only guarantees effcient morphological processing but also achieves a higher degree of descriptive adequacy than Koskenniemi's original model.The two-level model is augmented with an independent morphosyntactic module based on feature-based CF word grammar.By adopting a CF word grammar,our model is capable of dealing with complex words with discontinuous dependencies without having duplicate lexicons.It is shown how LR predictions manifested in the parsing table can help the morphological processor to minimize the dictionary lookup process.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.503-510
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• 2012

We analyze the relationship between channel coherence bandwidth and two complexity-reduced lattice reduction aided detection (LRAD) algorithms for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems in correlated fading channels. In both the adaptive LR algorithm and the fixed interval LR algorithm, we exploit the inherent feature of unimodular transformation matrix P that remains the same for the adjacent highly correlated subcarriers. Complexity simulations demonstrate that the adaptive LR algorithm could eliminate up to approximately 90 percent of the multiplications and 95 percent of the divisions of the brute-force LR algorithm with large coherence bandwidth. The results also show that the adaptive algorithm with both optimum and globally suboptimum initial interval settings could significantly reduce the LR complexity, compared with the brute-force LR and fixed interval LR algorithms, while maintaining the system performance.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.154-164
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this article is twofold: 1) introducing logistic regression (LR), a multivariable method for modeling the relationship between multiple independent variables and a categorical dependent variable, and 2) examining use and reporting of LR in the nursing literature. Methods: Text books on LR and research articles employing LR as main statistical analysis were reviewed. Twenty-three articles published between 2010 and 2011 in the Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing were analyzed for proper use and reporting of LR models. Results: Logistic regression from basic concepts such as odds, odds ratio, logit transformation and logistic curve, assumption, fitting, reporting and interpreting to cautions were presented. Substantial shortcomings were found in both use of LR and reporting of results. For many studies, sample size was not sufficiently large to call into question the accuracy of the regression model. Additionally, only one study reported validation analysis. Conclusion: Nursing researchers need to pay greater attention to guidelines concerning the use and reporting of LR models.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2005.07a
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• pp.178-180
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• 2005

저렴한 비용, 매우 작은 파워 소비라 낮은 데이터 전송속도를 지원 하는 IEEE 802.15.4 LR-WPAN(Wireless Personal Area Network) 기술은 앞으로 다가올 유비쿼터스 시대의 핵심이라고 할 수 있다. 도래할 유비쿼터스 시대에는 댁내에 LR-WPAN 기술을 적용한 다양한 상품이 보급될 것이다. 그러나 LR-WPAN은 매우 낮은 전력 소비를 위해 네트워크 기능을 최소화 하였기 때문에 응용에 있어 LAN 또는 WLAN(Wireless Local Area Network)등 기존 네트워크와의 통신 및 보안이 아직 고려되지 않아 보완이 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 WLAN의 Station이 LR-WPAN을 보안적으로 안전하게 제어할 수 있도록 AP(Acess Point)와 WLAN의 Station 그리고 LR-WPAN의 PAN Coodinator 간의 새로운 Message와 Function를 정의하고, 다른 두 네트워크간의 효율적이고 보안이 유지되는 프레임 프로세싱 매커니즘을 제안한다.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.246-254
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• 2017

Microcystin-LR (MC-LR) is one of most abundant microcystins, and is derived from blue-green algae bloom. Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) are effective process when high concentrations of MC-LR are released into a drinking water treatment system from surface water. In particular, UV-based AOPs such as UV, $UV/H_2O_2$, $UV/O_3$ and $UV/TiO_2$ have been studied for the removal of MC-LR. In this study, UV-LED was applied for the degradation of MC-LR because UV lamps have demonstrated some weaknesses, such as frequent replacements; that generate mercury waste and high heat loss. Degradation efficiencies of the MC-LR (initial conc. = $100{\mu}g/L$) were 30% and 95.9% using LED-L (280 nm, $0.024mW/cm^2$) and LED-H (280 nm, $2.18mW/cm^2$), respectively. Aromatic compounds of natural organic matter changed to aliphatic compounds under the LED-H irradiation by LC-OCD analysis. For application to raw water, the Nak-dong River was sampled during summer when blue-green algae were heavy bloom in 2016. The concentration of extracellular and total MC-LR, geosmin and 2-MIB slightly decreased by increasing the LED-L irradiation; however, the removal of MC-LR by UV-LED (${\lambda}=280nm$) was insufficient. Thus, advanced UV-LED technology or the addition of oxidants with UV-LED is required to obtain better degradation efficiency of MC-LR.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.35 no.11
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• pp.701-704
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• 2008

A general automaton allows multiple input transitions, so a special treatment is required when the history of transitions is needed. An LR automaton keeps the past transitions in the stack to use them during parsing. On the other hand, when each state in an automaton contains in itself the past transition history, the trace overhead of past transitions is unnecessary. The paper suggests a single state parsing automaton that does not depend on the past transitions. The applicable grammar class is less than LR grammars, but each state in a new automaton contains the past information, so the tracing of the history is not required compared to LR automaton.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.524-531
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• 2001

Micro-HPLC/IS/MS after solid phase extraction has been employed to enhance the accu-racy in the determination of toxic microcystins, such as microcystin-LR, -YR and -RR. The absorbance at 238 nm in HPLC/UV and characteristic spectra of 135 m/z and $[M+H]^+$ m/z in MS have been widely monitored to identify those microcystin-LR, -YR and -RR. In this study, new lines at 507 m/z for LR, 520 m/z for RR and 532 m/z for YR have been additionally detected in the micro-HPLC/IS/MS spectrum, corresponding to double charge. The micro-HPLC/IS/MS methodology has been applied to investigate the presence of the toxic microcystins in Taecheong lake.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.30 no.12B
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• pp.847-854
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• 2005

Many of scheduling algorithms that provide a pre-defined bandwidth to a traffic flow fall into a category of Latency-rate (LR) server, the delay of whose network can be simply calculated by adding up individual 'latencies' of each LR servers. Deficit Round Robin (DRR) is one of such LR servers and the simplest one to implement, so that it is adopted in many real systems. In this research we suggest an improved version of DRR, the DRR with Instant Service (DRR-IS), and analyze it. We have proved that the DRR-IS is still an LR sewer and have obtained its latency. The DRR-IS, compared with DRR, turns out to have the same complexity while provide about $30\%$ better latency.

• Journal of KIISE:Information Networking
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.641-648
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• 2003

In this paper, we propose a general analysis tool that derives guaranteed delay bounds for real-time sessions when those sessions pass through heterogeneous schedulers in general packet networks. This tool characterizes each different scheduler by a homogeneous service curve server. We show that service curve servers can characterize a strictly larger class of schedulers than LR servers. That is, we can characterize not only all LR servers but also RC-EDF and SC scheduler by service curve servers. Even with such advantage over LR servers, service curve servers provide accurate analysis results. We prove mathematically that if we analyze a network that can be analyzed by both LR servers and service curve servers,,both cases yield the same delay bound.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.26 no.8
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• pp.1028-1038
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• 1999

본 논문에선 LR 문법의 부분 클래스를 동치인 LL 문법으로 변환하는 방법을 제시한다. 이 변환이 적용 가능한 문법을 확장된k`-transformable 문법이라 정의한다. 변환된 문법은 left-to-right 커버의 성질을 만족한다. 기존 연구에서 제시한 변환 방법은 LR 문법의 부분 클래스인 {{{{k`-transformable 클래스와 PLR 클래스를 LL 문법으로 바꾼다. 이 논문에서 제시하는 새로운 변환 방법의 적용 가능한 문법의 범위는 k`-transformable 클래스와 PLR 클래스를 포함한다. 기존의 커버링 성질을 만족하는 LL로의 문법 변환은 보편적인 LR 파서의 행동을 시뮬레이션하여 얻어진다. 이 과정에서 쉬프트, 리듀스 행동 이외에 무한의 가능성을 가진 스택 스트링의 유한 표현을 위해 리덕션 심볼에 대한 예상 행동이 추가된다. 본 논문에서는 파싱 문맥을 나타내는 LR 아이템들을 기존의 스택 스트링 표현 형태에 추가하여 스택 스트링 표현법을 정제하고, 리덕션 심볼에 대한 예상 방법을 확장하는 정형식을 제시한다. 이에 근거하여 LL 커버링 문법이 존재하는 클래스를 확장된 {{{{k`-transformable 문법으로 확장시킨다.Abstract A new transformation of a subclass of LR(k`) grammars into equivalent LL(k`) grammars is studied. The subclass of LR(k`) grammars is called extended k`-transformable. The transformed LL(k`) grammars left-to-right cover the original LR(k`) grammars. Previous transformations transform k`-transformable and PLR(k`) into LL(k`). The new transformation is more powerful in that it handles the extended k`-transformable subclass of LR(k`), which strictly includes k`-transformable and PLR(k`) classes. The previous covering transformations into LL grammars are obtained by simulating the actions of the conventional LR parser. Specially, a predict action of reduction goals is added to the action set in order to finitely represent stack string. In this paper, the stack string representation is refined by adding LR items to represent a parsing context, and the prediction of reduction goal is extended by generalizing the prediction formalism. Based on them, the previous grammar classes with LL({{{{k`) covering grammars are extended to extended k`-transformable grammars.