• International Journal of Automotive Technology
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.407-413
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• 2006

The liquefied petroleum gas(LPG), mixture of propane and butane, has the potential to reduce toxic hydrocarbon emissions and inhibit ozone formation due to its chemical composition. Conventional mixer systems, however, have problems in meeting the future lower emission standards because of the difficulty in controlling air-fuel ratio precisely according to mileage tar accumulation. Liquid Phase LPG injection(LPLi) system has several advantages in more precise fuel metering and higher engine performance than those of the conventional mixer type. On the other hands, leakage problem of LPLi system at the injector tip is a main obstacle for meeting more stringent future emission regulations because these phenomena might cause excessive amount of THC emission during cold and hot restart phase. The main focus of this paper is the development of a leaked fuel recirculation system, which can eliminate the leaked fuel at the intake system with the activated carbon canister. Leaked fuel level was evaluated by using a fast response THC analyzer and gas chromatography. The result shows that THC concentration during cold and hot restart stage decreases by over 60%, and recirculation system is an effective method to meet the SULEV standard of the LPLi engine.

• 공업화학
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.361-368
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• 2006

본 연구는 독립적 기공(또는 기포)을 함유하고 특히, $50kg_f/cm^2$의 압력에도 외형의 변화가 없고, 상온의 액화석유가스 (liquefied petroleum gas; LPG)에 72 h 침적시 무게 변화율이 5 wt% 이내인 LPG 고압 탱크용 발포 부표의 제조 기술을 개발하는데 목적이 있다. 각각의 다른 유황(325 Mesh와 400 Mesh)과 발포제(foaming agent)로 제조된 부표의 내압침적 실험에서 무게 변화율은 큰 차이를 보이지 않았으나 유황 400 Mesh와 발포제 AC를 이용한 부표의 기공이 더 작고 독립 기포율이 높았다. $50kg_f/cm^2$ 수압 실험에서 중립열분해(medium thermal; MT) 카본을 사용한 부표가 중보강성(semi reinforcing furnace; SRF) 카본보다 작은 무게 변화율을 나타내었다. 또한, 제조된 부표를 후처리($60^{\circ}C$, 24 h)한 경우 부표내 기공벽의 경도와 내압성이 증가되었다. 한편, 제조된 부표의 비중 0.30 이하인 제품은 찌그러지거나 깨지는 현상이 발생하고 비중이 0.35 이상으로 높으면 부력이 떨어져 부표로서 기능을 하지 못하였다. 그러므로, $50kg_f/cm^2$의 내압성을 가지기 위해서는 비중이 0.30~0.35인 부표가 가장 우수한 성능을 갖는 것으로 판단되었다.

• 전력전자학회:학술대회논문집
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• 전력전자학회 2001년도 Proceedings ICPE 01 2001 International Conference on Power Electronics
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• pp.109-112
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• 2001

Water-Electrolyzed gas is a mixed gas of the constant volume ratio 2:1 of Hydrogen and Oxygen gained from electrolyzed water, and it has better characteristics in the field of economy, efficiency of energy, and environmental intimacy than acetylene gas and LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas) used for existing gas welding equipment. So studies of Water-Electrolyzed gas are activity in progress nowaday, and commercially used as a source of thermal energy for gas welding in the industry. The object of this paper is getting a V-I characteristic of Hydrogen-Oxygen Gas Generator using DC source. First, chemical analysis of electrolysis is conducted and the relation of electrical energy and then chemical energy is investigated through the faraday's laws.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.100-106
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• 1998

The wide open throttle performance and piston temperatures were measured by the change of fuel : gasoline and liquefied petroleum gas(LPG). Bench test method was developed and experimented to study the effect of temperature on the formation of carbon deposit. The bench test results were confirmed by measuring the piston temperature and observing the deposit production rate at an actual engine running condition. Results show that if the fuel of spark ignition engine is changed from gasoline to LPG, the output power decreases about 10% and the piston temperatures increase about 40~55$^{\circ}C$. In actual engine tests, because of this temperature increase, it was observed that the quantity of carbon deposit in the top ring groove increased in a big degree. Consuquently, it is known that the fing sticking may occur if the gasoline engine was rebuilt to LPG fuelled engine. Therefore, in order to preserve the durability of LPG fuelled engine, it is necessary to lower the piston temperature by hardware modificationor to reduce the carbon deposit by the improvement of engine oil.

• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2011

In recent years, the need for more fuel-efficient and lower-emission vehicles has driven the technical development of alternative fuels such as LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas) which is able to meet the limits of better emission levels without many modifications to current engine design. LPG has a high vapor pressure and lower viscosity and surface tension than diesel and gasoline fuels. These different fuel characteristics make it difficult to directly apply the conventional gasoline or diesel fuel pump. Self acting lubricated groove design or coating can be used in high-speed and high precision spindle system like a roller-vane type fuel pump, because of its advantages such as low frictional loss, low heat generation, averaging effect leading better running accuracy and simplicity in manufacturing. Those design method can also affect the atomization of fuel from the injector and the formation of fuel film on the intake manifold. In this study, experiments are carried out to get performance characteristics of initial and steady state operation, The characteristics of vane type fuel pump were investigated to access the applicability on LPLi engine.

• 동력기계공학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.32-42
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• 2016

Under part load condition of spark-ignition engine, pumping loss had great effect on engine efficiency. To reduce pumping loss, the study designed spark-ignited engines to make direct spray of gasoline to combustion chamber. In spark-ignited direct-injection engines, ignition probability is important for successful combustion and flame propagation characteristics are also different from pre-mixed combustion. This study designed a visualization testing device to study ignition probability of spark-ignited direct-injection LPG fuel and combustion flame characteristics. This visualization device consists of combustion chamber, fuel supply system, air supply system, electronic control system and data acquisition system. Ambient pressure, ambient temperature and ambient air flow velocity are important parameters on ignition probability of LPG-air mixture and flame propagation characteristics, and the study also found that sprayed LPG fuel can be directly ignited by spark-plug under proper ambient conditions. To all successful cases of ignition, the study recorded flame propagation image in digital method through ICCD camera and its flame propagation characteristics were analyzed.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.44-51
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• 2005

According to the increasing concern on the global environment, the $CO_2$ regulation has been discussed including automobile emission regulation. In order to cope with this rapid changing circumstances, the development of an ultra low emission and super fuel economy automobile is essential. Direct injection LPG engine is the one of the possible future engine to maximize the engine efficiency. This experimental study for the development of direct injection LPG engine technology is promoted with two parts; spray characteristics of high pressure swirl injector, and performance characteristics of direct injection LPG engine. Engine characteristics according to the fuel was analyzed in order to establish stratified combustion technology for LPG engine by using the DISI engine. In the engine experiment, control system was manufactured for gasoline and LPG fuel. The engine was modified 2,000 cc GDI engine (fuel supply device, fuel injection device). Through this experiment, engine operating condition, engine speed and spark timing (MBT), fuel injection position, and fuel rate were investigated.

• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.195-202
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• 2022

Recently, the global automobile market is rapidly changing from internal combustion engine vehicles to eco-friendly vehicles including electric vehicles. Among eco-friendly vehicles, LPG vehicles are low in fine dust and are suggested as a realistic way to replace diesel vehicles. In addition, it is more economical than gasoline in its class, showing a cost-saving effect. In Korea, the business of converting gasoline into LPG is active. Research is being conducted to apply this to hybrid vehicles. In this study, the difference in energy consumption efficiency was analyzed when LPG fuel was applied by selecting a 2-liter GDI hybrid electric vehicle. The operation of the hybrid system according to various driving characteristics was confirmed by selecting the WLTC mode. As a result, it was confirmed that the BSFC was about 5% lower than that of gasoline fuel when using LPG fuel. This is due to the active operation of the motor while driving. Optimization is required as battery consumption increases from an energy perspective.

• 한국가스학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.59-64
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• 2012

LPG 저장설비에 부착된 압력방출밸브 방출관으로부터 분출된 가스의 확산에 대해 검토하였다. 통상 방출관은 안전한 장소인 수직 상방향으로 분출되도록 설치되어야 하며, 방출된 가스가 착화되더라도 저장탱크, 장치, 배관에 화염이 닿지 않도록 설치되어야 한다[1][2]. 그러나 우리나라에서는 방출구를 통한 분출방향에 대한 기준이 없이 다양한 방출구 형태가 존재한다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 4가지 방출방향 즉 수직상방, 수직하방, 수평 2, 수직 4방향에 대해서 고려하였다. 방출구로부터 분출된 가스의 확산 시뮬레이션은 상용소프트웨어인 FLACS를 사용하였다. 이를 통해 수직하방, 수평 2, 수직 4방향으로 분출하도록 방출구를 설치하는 것은 지면에서의 착화를 방지하는 데 불리한 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 안전밸브로부터 분출된 가스를 방출구를 통해 안전하게 분출하기 위해서는 수직상방으로 분출되는 것이 최선임을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.227-235
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• 2012

Finding an alternative fuel and reducing environmental pollution are the main goals for future internal combustion engines. The purpose of this study is to obtain low-emission and high-efficiency by hydrogen enriched LPG fuel in constant volume chamber. An experimental study was carried out to obtain fundamental data for the combustion and emission characteristics of pre-mixed hydrogen and LPG in a constant volume chamber (CVC) with various fractions of hydrogen-LPG blends. To maintain equal heating value of fuel blend, the amount of LPG was decreased as hydrogen was gradually added. Exhaust emissions were measured using a HORIBA exhaust gas analyzer for various fractions of hydrogen-LPG blends. The results showed that the rapid combustion duration was shortened, and the rate of heat release elevated as the hydrogen fraction in the fuel blend was increased. Moreover, the maximum rate of pressure rise also increased. These phenomena were attributed to the burning velocity which increased exponentially with the increased hydrogen fraction in the $H_2$-LPG fuel blend. Exhaust HC and $CO_2$ concentrations decreased, while NOX emission increased with an increase in the hydrogen fraction in the fuel blend. Our results could facilitate the application of hydrogen and LPG as a fuel in the current fossil hydrocarbon-based economy and the strict emission regulations in internal combustion engines.