• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.637-652
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• 2013

Instrumentation and control systems in nuclear power plants have been digitalized for the purpose of maintenance and precise operation. This digitalization, however, brings out issues related to cyber security. In the most recent past, international standard organizations, regulatory institutes, and research institutes have performed a number of studies addressing these systems cyber security.. In order to provide information helpful to the system designers in their application of cyber security for the systems, this paper presents methods and considerations to define attack vectors in a target system, to review and select the requirements in the Regulatory Guide 5.71, and to integrate the results to identify applicable technical security control requirements. In this study, attack vectors are analyzed through the vulnerability analyses and penetration tests with a simplified safety system, and the elements of critical digital assets acting as attack vectors are identified. Among the security control requirements listed in Appendices B and C to Regulatory Guide 5.71, those that should be implemented into the systems are selected and classified in groups of technical security control requirements using the results of the attack vector analysis. For the attack vector elements of critical digital assets, all the technical security control requirements are evaluated to determine whether they are applicable and effective, and considerations in this evaluation are also discussed. The technical security control requirements in three important categories of access control, monitoring and logging, and encryption are derived and grouped according to the elements of attack vectors as results for the sample safety system.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.80-87
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• 2004

During excavation work for the construction of a highway bridge in a limestone area in Korea, several cavities were found, and construction work was stopped temporarily. Cavities under the bridge piers might seriously threaten the safety of the planned bridge, because they could lead to excessive subsidence and differential settlement of the pier foundations. In order to establish a method for reinforcement of the pier foundations, borehole radar reflection and tomography surveys were carried out, to locate cavities under the planned pier locations and to determine their sizes where they exist. Since travel time data from the crosshole radar survey showed anisotropy, we applied an anisotropic tomography inversion algorithm assuming heterogeneous elliptic anisotropy, in order to reconstruct three kinds of tomograms: tomograms of maximum and minimum velocities, and of the direction of the symmetry axis. The distribution of maximum velocity matched core logging results better than that of the minimum velocity. The degree of anisotropy, defined by the normalized difference between maximum and minimum velocities, was helpful in deciding whether an anomalous zone in a tomogram was a cavity or not. By careful examination of borehole radar reflection and tomography images, the spatial distributions of cavities were delineated, and most of them were interpreted as being filled with clay and/or water. All the interpretation results implied that two faults imaged clearly by a DC resistivity survey were among the most important factors controlling the groundwater movement in the survey area, and therefore were closely related to the development of cavities. The method of reinforcement of the pier foundations was based on the interpretation results, and the results were confirmed when construction work was resumed.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.233-252
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• 2015

This research are systematic and scientific approaches to obtain the distribution, occurrence and quality of granite stone for building purposes. The process of dimension stone exploration must be carried out to know the underground potentiality of granitic body using the basic data collection and study, field mapping, detailed drilling survey, televiewer technique, and physical and chemical tests in the Geochang area. Televiewer data obtained in drilling boreholes can be accurately distinguished from the discontinuous face, strike and inclination, extension which is difficult to obtain in a core logging. 3D joint images will be helpful to establish a quarry exploitation plan because the 3D joint images give quite accurate information down to depth below the outcrop surface. Through the process of the quality estimation on the Geochang site, the proven reserve estimated as dimensional building stone are calculated with good quality in petrologic and physical properties.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.174-179
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• 1999

Shear wave velocity, one of major elastic constants in the dynamic design for civil structures, is conventionally measured from downhole, crosshole or sonic logging tests. SASW (Spectral Analysis of Surface Waves) method, which overcomes the disadvantage of the in-hole tests, can evaluate subsurface stiffness nondestructively and nonintrusively through measuring surface waves on surface. In this paper, principles of the SASW method are briefly described and the results of various field tests, conducted to investigate the applicability of the method, are summarized. The SASW method was successfully applied in evaluating the effects of dynamic compaction at Inchon international airport site, applied in evaluating the integrity of the lining and sidewall at a testing tunnel located in Mabukri, and applied in detecting thickness of a concrete retaining wall. The results of field tests and the nondestructive and economical characteristics of the method show the promising future of the SASW method in civil engineering projects.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.461-467
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• 2009

Exposure analysis is a critical component of determining the health impact of pollutants. Global positioning systems (GPS) could be useful in developing time-location information for use in exposure analysis. This study compares four low cost GPS receivers with data logging capability (Garmin 60, Garmin Forerunner 201, GeoStats GeoLogger and Skytrx minitracker MT4100) in terms of accuracy, precision, and ease of use. The accuracy of the devices was determined at two known National Geodetic Survey points. The coordinates logged by the devices were compared when the devices were carried while walking and driving. The Garmin 60 showed better accuracy and precision than the GeoLogger when they were placed at the geodetic points. The Forerunner and Skytrx did not record when they were kept stationary. When the subject wore the devices while walking, the location of the devices differed by about 8 m on average between any two device combinations involving the four devices. The distance between the coordinates logged by the devices decreased when the devices were carried with their antennas facing the sky. All the devices showed similar routes when they were used in a car. All the devices except the Forerunner had satisfactory signal reception when they were worn and when they were carried in the car. The GeoLogger is less comfortable for the subject because of specific wearing requirements. This evaluation found that the Garmin 60 and the Skytrx may be useful in personal exposure analysis studies to record time-location data.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.11 no.7
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• pp.165-171
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• 2013

Coding patterns that appeared frequently in the source code is a typical piece of code. The functionality that difficult to modularize, such as logging or synchronization processing, and the useful sentences in programming is extracted in software as codding pattern. Large-scale software could not be analyzed fully because the number of coding pattern that can be manually investigated is limited. In this paper, the characteristics of coding patterns perform the evaluation. The goal is to extract for codding-pattern to analyzed by developer. We was selected 6 indicators and performed analysis of 4 open-source. Matrix relations between the values and characteristics of the actual pattern analysis, pattern instances, the width of the distribution of instances, the pattern repeating structure of the elements included in the rates should be analyzed for patterns and indicators that help in choosing was confirmed.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.355-360
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• 2017

This study was aimed to analyze the increased forestry incomes by combining timber production and wood processing, which is one of 6th industrialization types in Korean forestry. The selected household has been engaged in forestry for two generations and they produce timber and associated wood products in their own facility. The wood products include dimension lumber, interior wood material, cutting board, and cube chips, the household also utilize logging and sawmill residues as well as seed and seedlings as by-products. Incomes and expenses that have been incurred on individual processes of the sequential timber production and wood processing were surveyed, and we analyzed the economic outcomes of entire business. The results of this study indicate that the gross income of the household is 122.3 million Korean won and the net income is 93.6 million Korean won. The net income of the household is approximately 2.8 times higher than the average net income of whole households in the forestry of Korea in 2016, which is approximately 4.3 times higher than that of households that have been particularly engaged in timber production over the country. We found that the 6th industrialization by combining the two sequential processes creates approximately 3.2 times as much added value compared to the case relying on timber production only.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.709-714
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• 2020

Forest resources are the most important element that can affect the nature environment directly in modern society. Due to the fast industrialization of our country and marginal states like China, many people suffer torments from severe environmental pollution like yellow and fine dusts everyday recently. So the interests concerned about the significance of nature and environment become major issue nowadays. Precious forest resources, however, are not properly managed and destroyed vainly due to frequent mountain fires, damages by floods, and unplanned land development in real world. Therefore, efficient forest management is required to solve these problems effectively. In this research, we design and implement the forest information database that can predict the growth of forest resources and enables us to manage forest resources efficiently, make decision for logging, build the waterway to prevent flooding, and construct a future tree-planting project easily using forest aerial photograph taken by a drone in order to deploy and manage the forest resources scientifically and systematically.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.31-55
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• 2013

This study aimed to look into the effect of sandplay therapy with parent-children on mother-child's attachment security and communication. This study first conducted a scale of attachment security targeting child and mother who is bringing children in the age of 5 to 6 years in two kindergartens located in Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, and composed experimental group and control group of four couples respectively by selecting randomly from eight mother-child couples that received low grades. Sandplay therapy with parent-children was conducted for 12weeks on a weekly basis for 50minutes each. To study the attachment security, we used the Klabsbrun-Bowlby(1976)' Separation Anxiety Test and Mother's attachment scale. In this study, it is Seperated in based on Lee Na Gueng(2001) by functional communication and dysfuctional communication in order to measure changes in communication for situation that may occur during Sand play theraphy and record of observation about changes in each session. Data logging makes watching videos that recorded parent-children sand play therapy every situations. When observes the functional communication or dysfunctional communication between mother and the child, checking the corresponding to each entries, the frequency is recorded and qualitatively analyzed by each sessions. To study mother and child have been enhanced stability of the attachment and the relationship had improved results. Also, in each session the observation of increased functional communication, and dysfunctional communication results appear to reduce in parent-children sand play therapy. As a result, a couple sand play therapy has positive impact to improved the relationship between the mother and the child.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.205-211
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• 2014

Focused on Mt. Bogdkhan nature reserve in Mongolia, this study was conducted as a fundamental research to discover a tendency and characteristics of forest damage and to draw up measures for proper plans of forest restoration through an analysis of year-to year change using satellite images. In specific, land cover mapping was conducted by using Landsat images from 1994 to 2011, and then year-to year change was analyzed to investigate the features of forest damage in Mt. Bogdkhan. The results showed that the whole area of a reservation in Mongolia in 2011 was about $416.89km^2$; among them, forest area was $167,87km^2$, accounting for about 40.3%, followed by bare patch and grassland area (58.6%) and urban dry area (1.1%). In particular, compared in 1994, the area of forest in 2011 has increased by $6.12km^2$; while bare patch and grassland area has decreased by $10.81km^2$. Primary causes of forest degradation occurred in Mt. Bogdkhan nature reserve included illegal logging for fuel, forest and grassland degradation caused by domestic animals grazing, man-made forest fire, and disaster caused by insect pest.