• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.335-344
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• 2004

A low phase noise EQM(Engineering Qualified Model) LO(Local Oscillator) has been developed for Ka-band satellite transponder. A VCDRO(Voltage Controlled Dielectric Resonator Oscillator) is also designed using a high impedance inverter coupled with dielectric resonator to improve the phase noise performances out of the loop bandwidth. The mechanical analysis fur housing and the thermal analysis fur circuit board are achieved. This EQM LO is applied to Ka-band satellite transponder of EQM level after environmental experiments for space application. The LO has the harmonic suppression characteristics above 52 ㏈c and requires low power consumption under 1.3 watts. The phase noise characteristics are exhibited as -101.33 ㏈c/㎐ at 10 ㎑ offset frequency and -114.33 ㏈c/㎐ at 100 ㎑ offset frequency, with the output power of 14.0 ㏈m${\pm}$0.17 ㏈ over the temperature range of -15∼＋65$^{\circ}C$.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2008.06a
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• pp.443-444
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• 2008

A double-balanced frequency up-converter using the Gilbert cell structure has been designed with the TSMC $0.18\;{\mu}m$ CMOS library. The frequency up-converter consists of a Mixer core and IF / LO balun. Frequency Up-converter exhibits a 3.4 dB conversion gain with a - 7.6 dBm $P_{1dB}$ for IF power of -10 dBm and LO power of 0 dBm inputs. It also exhibits 92.2 % modulation depth as a ASK modulator.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.197-203
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• 2003

In this paper, we have presented millimeter-wave high conversion gain quadruple subharmonic mixers adopting the cascode harmonic generator The subharmonic mixers were successfully integrated by using 0.1 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ GaAs pseudomorphic HEMTs(PHEMTs) and coplanar waveguide(CPW) structures. Measured output of 1st, 2nd and 4th harmonics of the fabricated cascode 4th harmonic generator are -21.42 dBm, -32.65 dBm and -13.45 dBm, respectively, for an input power of 10 dBm at 14.5 GHz. We showed that the highest conversion gain of 3.4 dB has obtained thus far at a LO power of 13 dBm from the fabricated subharmonic mixers. The millimeter-wave subharmonic mixer also ensure a high degree of isolation showing -53.6 dB in the LO-to-IF and -46.2 dB in the LO-to-RF, respectively, at a frequency of 14.5 GHz. The high conversion gain achieved in this work is the first report among the millimeter-wave subharmonic mixers.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.239-254
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• 1988

In this paper an exciter which performs modulation and amplification is composed of high power(30dBm) VCO(Voltage Controlled Oscillator) using push-pull circuit. Modulation is FSK using PLL(Phase Locked Loop). A single loop PLL synthesizer having sequency range of 42.5-100.5MHz, 25KHz channel spacing and switching time of 1msec converts down the exciter VCO frequency to 1.25MHz. This signal mixed with the FSK modulated signal coming in the phase detector of exciter. The acquisition time of exciter for frequency hoppng is less than 200usec, so the total acquisition time for transmission is less that 1.5msec. There is no need of additional power amplification because power amlifiction by high power VCO is high enough to communicate within near distance. The proposed frequency synthesizer is not complex so it is suitable for low cost slow frequency hopping spread spectrum communication.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.19 no.8
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• pp.1571-1577
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• 1994

This paper is designed and implemented mixer of 12GHz/14GHz as up-conversion. Observation that harmonics and intermodulation power level varied by two signal power level and bias obtained operation points of mixer. Finally, optimum operation points shows that $P_{RF}$(radio signal frequency power level). $P_{LO}$(local oscillation power level) is below -30[dBm], -2[dBm] respectively. Simultaneously $V_{DS}$ is 2.7[V]and $V_{GS}$ is -0.2[V].

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2017.05a
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• pp.285-287
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• 2017

Currently, the world of data communication is not simply communication between server and user in a wired way, but using wireless environment, various devices communicate with each other in a wider and diverse environment to generate a large amount of data. In this environment, IoT is now located deep in our lives, and IoT technologies are used in many tasks, but the data used in IoT is exposed without sufficient protection from malicious behavior. Most of these devices do not have enough computing power to cope with malicious attacks. In this paper, we aim to make all devices that have sufficient computing power and safety from simple sensors to be able to have security according to the situation. The proposed technology is based on the importance of the device and computing power, and it is possible to select the encryption technology selectively and to improve security.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.53-62
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• 2005

This paper estimates the long-term settlement of Kimpo metropolitan landfill based on measured settlement data from 180 landfill monitors accumulated over a period of 12 years. Comparison of domestic and international settlement records indicate that the domestic compression rate is slightly lower due to greater portion of organic component. Several existing settlement models are used to compare with the observed behavior and also to estimate long-term settlement. The hyperbolic, Gibson & Lo, Bjarngard & Edgers and Power Creep Law models compare well with the measured settlement of the Kimpo metropolitan landfill. The settlement models are further used to estimate long-term settlement. Bjarngard & Edgers and Power Creep Law models result in higher estimates of the long-term settlement compared to the hyperbolic and Gibson & Lo models. Further comparisons indicate that other models, including Sowers and log models, are inapproriate for predicting the long-term settlement of the Kimpo metropolitan landfill.

• Journal of Drive and Control
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.16-25
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• 2022

The purpose of this study was to calculate and analyze the engine load factor of major agricultural operations using a 78 kW class agricultural tractor for estimating the emission of air pollutants and greenhouse. Engine load data were collected using controller area network (CAN) communication. Main agricultural operations were selected as plow tillage (PT), rotary tillage (RT), baler operation (BO), loader operation (LO), driving on soil (DS), and driving on concrete (DC). The engine power was calculated using the measured engine load data. A weight factor was applied to load factor for considering usage ratio according to agricultural operations. Weight factors for different agricultural operations were calculated to be 27.4%, 32.9%, 17.5%, 7.7%, 4.5%, and 10.0% for PT, RT, BO, LO, DS, and DC, respectively. As a result of the field test, load factors were 0.74, 0.93, 0.41, 0.23, 0.27, and 0.21 for PT, RT, BO, LO, DS, and DC, respectively. The engine load factor was the highest for RT. Finally, as a result of applying the weight factor for usage ratio of agricultural operations, the integrated engine load factor was estimated to be 0.63, which was about 1.31 times higher than the conventional applied load factor of 0.48. In future studies, we plan to analyze the engine load factor by considering various horsepower and working conditions of the tractor.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.44 no.11
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• pp.48-53
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• 2007

In this paper, a high LO-RF isolation W-band MIMIC single-balanced mixer was designed and fabricated using a branch line coupler and a ${\lambda}/4$ transmission line. The W-band MIMIC single-balanced mixer was designed using the $0.1\;{\mu}m$ InGaAs/InAlAs/GaAs Metamorphic HEMT diode. The fabricated MHEMT was obtained the cut-off frequency($f_T$) of 154 GHz and the maximum oscillation frequency($f_{max}$) of 454 GHz. The designed MIMIC single-balanced mixer was fabricated using $0.1\;{\mu}m$ MHEMT MIMIC process. From the measurement, the conversion loss of the single-balanced mixer was 12.8 dB at an LO power of 8.6 dBm. P1 dB(1 dB compression point) of input and output were 5 dBm and -8.9 dBm, respectively. The LO-RF isolations of single-balanced mixer was obtained 37.2 dB at 94 GHz. We obtained in this study a higher LO-RF isolation compared to some other balanced mixers in millimeter-wave frequencies.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2018.05a
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• pp.569-570
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• 2018

Recently, Although particulate matter monitoring has been attracting attention as a result of social attention to the human impact of particulate matter, data suitable for the residential environment can not be obtained due to imbalances in the installation of monitoring stations and differences in topography. In this paper, we propose LoRa LPWA-based particulate matter measurement system which can make long distance wireless communication to measure particulate matter in residential environment. In the proposed system, it is possible to collect the data of the external environment which is difficult to construct the internet by utilizing LPWA which is a long distance wireless communication technology. When the proposed system is applied to the residential environment, it is expected to provide particulate matter monitoring information suitable for the residential environment.