• Title/Summary/Keyword: LNG Plant

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연소시설의 온실가스(CO2) 배출량 산정 및 배출계수개발 (Estimation of Emission and Development of Emission Factor on Greenhouse Gas (CO2) of the Combustion Facilities)

  • 김홍록;진병복;윤완우;권영성;이민영;윤영봉;신원근
    • 환경영향평가
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    • 제16권4호
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    • pp.277-283
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    • 2007
  • Since the Kyoto Protocol became into effect, Korea has been expected to be part of the Annex I countries performing the duty of GHG reduction in the phase of post-Kyoto. Therefore, it is necessary to develop emission factors appropriate to Korean circumstances. In order to develop emission factors this study utilized the CleanSYS, which is the real-time monitoring system for industrial smoke stacks to calculate the emission rate of $CO_2$ continuously. In this study, the main focus was on the power generation plants emitting the largest amount of $CO_2$ among the sectors of fossil fuel combustion. Also, an examination on the comparison of $CO_2$ emission was made among 3 generation plants using the different types of fuels such as bituminous coal and LNG; one for coal and others for LNG. The $CO_2$ concentration of the coal fired plant showed Ave. 13.85 %(10,384 ton/day). The LNG fired plants showed 3.16 %(1,031 ton/day) and 3.19 %(1,209 ton/day), respectably. Consequently, by calculating the emission factors using the above results, it was found that the bituminous coal fired power plant had the $CO_2$ emission factor average of 88,726 kg/TJ, and the LNG fired power plants had the $CO_2$ average emission factors of 56,971 kg/TJ and 55,012 kg/TJ respectably which were similar to the IPCC emission factor.

Bound Mode의 외중력파에 의한 항내 이상파 생성가능성에 대하여 (On the Feasibility of Freak Waves Formation within the Harbor Due to the Presence of Infra-Gravity Waves of Bound Mode Underlying the Ever-Present Swells)

  • 조용준;배정현
    • 한국해안·해양공학회논문집
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    • 제31권1호
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    • pp.17-27
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    • 2019
  • Bound mode의 외중력파와 이로 인한 보강간섭이 이상파 생성 기작이라는 가설을 확인하기 위해 OpenFoam 기반 Tool box인 ihFoam과 Bi-spectrum에 기초한 수치모의를 수행하였다. 수치모의는 건설 과정에서 이상파가 관측된 삼척 LNG 생산기지 전용부두를 대상으로 수행되었으며, Bound mode의 외중력파는 Bi-spectrum에 기반하여 출현빈도가 높은 주기가 7초인 국지 풍성파와 11.4초인 너울의 difference interaction으로 생성하였다. 또한 비교를 위해 비선형 Cnoidal wave, linear wave를 대상으로 한 수치모의도 병행하여 수행하였다. 모의결과 N 계열 bound mode의 외중력파에 의해 삼척 LNG 생산기지 전용부두를 따라 진행되는 연파가 생성되며, 이상파는 전술한 연파와 남측 도류제로부터의 반사파가 더해져 출현하는 것으로 모의되었다.

전원구성비율 예측을 위한 System Dynamics모형 개발 (Development of a System Dynamics Model for the Electric Power Generation Mix Forecasting in the Competitive Electricity Market)

  • 홍정석;곽상만;나기룡;박문희;최기련
    • 한국시스템다이내믹스연구
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    • 제4권1호
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    • pp.33-53
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    • 2003
  • How to maintain the optimal electric power generation mix is one of the important problems in electric power industry. The objective of this study is to develop a computer model which can be used to forecast the investment in power generation unit by the plant owners after restructuring of electric power industry. Restructuring of electric power industry will make difference in decision making process of investment in power generation unit. After Privatiazation of Power Industry, Gencos will think that profit is the most important factor among all others attracting the investment in the industry. Coal power generation is better than LNG CCGT in terms of profit. However, many studies show that LNG CCGT will be main electric power generation source because the rest of factors other than profit in LNG CCGT are superior than Coal power generation. Because the nst of factors other than profit in LNG CCGT are superior than Coal power generation. The impacts of the various government policies can be analyzed using the computer model, thus the government can formulate effective policies for achieving the desired electric power generation mix.

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Comparison of Operation Performance of LNG Reliquefaction Process according to Reverse Brayton Cycle and Claude Cycle

  • Shin, Young-Gy;Seo, Jung-A;Lee, Yoon-Pyo
    • International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration
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    • 제17권4호
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    • pp.135-140
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    • 2009
  • A dynamic model to simulate LNG reliquefaction process has been developed. The model was applied to two candidate cycles for LNG reliquefaction process, which are Reverse Brayton and Claude cycles. The simulation was intended to simulate the pilot plant under construction for operation of the two cycles and evaluate their feasibility. According to the simulation results, both satisfy control requirements for safe operation of brazed aluminum plate-fin type heat exchangers. In view of energy consumption, the Reverse Brayton cycle is more efficient than the Claude cycle. The latter has an expansion valve in addition to the common facilities sharing with the Reverse Brayton cycle. The expansion valve is a main cause to the efficiency loss. It generates a significant amount of entropy associated with its throttling and increases circulation flow rates of the refrigerant and power consumption caused by its leaking resulting in lowered pressure ratio. It is concluded that the Reverse Brayton cycle is more efficient and simpler in control and construction than the Claude cycle.

LNG FPSO 액화공정에 적용되는 플레이트 핀 열교환기의 열전달 특성 (Heat Transfer Characteristics of Plate-fin Heat Exchanger Using LNG FPSO Liquefaction Process)

  • 유선일;김현우;정영권;윤정인;박승하;김창수
    • Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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    • 제34권6호
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    • pp.798-805
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    • 2010
  • LNG FPSO 액화 플랜트와 같은 초저온 분야에서 플레이트 핀 열교환기의 국내 연구 실적은 전무한 상태이다. 본 연구에서는 플레이트 핀 열교환기의 독자적 기술을 확보하기 위해 응축 열전달 특성을 이론 및 실험적으로 검증하였다. 시뮬레이션 결과 Plain fin을 제외한 Serrated, Wavy fin은 압력 69bar, 온도 $-140^{\circ}C$에서 응축되었고, 국소열전달계수는 Serrated, Wavy, Plain fin 순으로 높게 나타났다. 실험결과는 정상상태에서 10분간 데이터를 획득하였고 시뮬레이션 데이터값과 12% 미만의 오차범위를 만족하였다.

해양플랜트에 병렬 계류된 LNG 운반선의 거동에 슬로싱이 미치는 영향 (The Effects of Sloshing on the Responses of an LNG Carrier Moored in a Side-by-side Configuration with an Offshore Plant)

  • 이승재
    • 한국해양공학회지
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    • 제24권5호
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    • pp.16-21
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    • 2010
  • During the loading/offloading operation of a liquefied natural gas carrier (LNGC) that is moored in a side-by-side configuration with an offshore plant, sloshing that occurs due to the partially filled LNG tank and the interactive effect between the two floating bodies are important factors that affect safety and operability. Therefore, a time-domain software program, called CHARM3D, was developed to consider the interactions between sloshing and the motion of a floating body, as well as the interactions between multiple bodies using the potential-viscous hybrid method. For the simulation of a floating body in the time domain, hydrodynamic coefficients and wave forces were calculated in the frequency domain using the 3D radiation/diffraction panel program based on potential theory. The calculated values were used for the simulation of a floating body in the time domain by convolution integrals. The liquid sloshing in the inner tanks is solved by the 3D-FDM Navier-Stokes solver that includes the consideration of free-surface non-linearity through the SURF scheme. The computed sloshing forces and moments were fed into the time integration of the ship's motion, and the updated motion was, in turn, used as the excitation force for liquid sloshing, which is repeated for the ensuing time steps. For comparison, a sloshing motion coupled analysis program based on linear potential theory in the frequency domain was developed. The computer programs that were developed were applied to the side-by-side offloading operation between the offshore plant and the LNGC. The frequency-domain results reproduced the coupling effects qualitatively, but, in general, the peaks were over-predicted compared to experimental and time-domain results. The interactive effects between the sloshing liquid and the motion of the vessel can be intensified further in the case of multiple floating bodies.

Electrical system design in FLNG offshore unit

  • Kim, Jong-Su;Kim, Deok-Ki
    • Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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    • 제39권10호
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    • pp.1037-1043
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    • 2015
  • In recent years, Floating Liquefied Natural Gas (FLNG) Unit have attracted considerable attention. Generally, liquefied natural gas (LNG) units are produced in onshore liquefaction terminals from gas supplied from onshore gas fields or large-scale offshore gas fields near the coast. However, the development of these gas fields has approached saturation. Large-scale offshore gas fields far from the coast, as well as undeveloped medium- and small-scale offshore gas fields, have recently attracted attention. Among several proposed concepts, the floating LNG plant in the form of the FLNG system was chosen for further evaluation and development, considering worldwide receiving infrastructure. The design of a 2.5 million tonne per annum FLNG unit has been completed with a capacity corresponding to that of modern onshore liquefaction plants. Various simulation tests were performed to evaluate the performance of the electrical power plant, focusing on the efficiency of the electrical system to secure the aspects of plant safety. This design study analyzes the electrical system for the FLNG unit to improve the safety of operation and maintenance in the field.

LNG 냉열을 활용한 저압 액화 공기 생산 공정 설계 및 경제성 평가 (Design and Economic Analysis of Low Pressure Liquid Air Production Process using LNG cold energy)

  • 문하늘;정근호;이인규
    • Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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    • 제59권3호
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    • pp.345-358
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    • 2021
  • 본 연구에서는 액화천연가스(LNG; liquefied natural gas) 재기화 과정에서 버려지는 냉열을 회수하는 방법으로 액화 공기를 생산하는 공정을 개발하였다. 액화 공기는 LNG 수출국으로 운송하여 천연가스 액화를 위한 냉매를 부분적으로 대체하는 용도로 활용될 수 있다. 이를 위하여, 액화 공기는 LNG 운반선에 저장 가능한 압력을 만족하여야 한다. 따라서, 가장 널리 사용되는 멤브레인 탱크로 액화 공기를 운송하기 위해 약 1.3 bar에서 공기가 액체 상태로 존재할 수 있도록 설계하였다. 제안한 공정에서, 공기는 LNG와의 열교환 이후 추가적인 질소 냉매 사이클과의 열교환을 통해 과냉된다. LNG 운반선의 최대 용량만큼 액화 공기를 생산할 때 운송비용 측면에서 가장 경제적일 수 있으며, 천연가스 액화공정에서 활용할 수 있는 냉열이 많아지게 된다. 이를 비교하기 위하여, 동일한 1 kg/s의 LNG 공급 조건 하에서 기존 공정을 이용한 Base case와 제안공정 내 유입 공기 유량을 각각 0.50 kg/s, 0.75 kg/s, 1.00 kg/s으로 하는 Case1, Case2, Case3를 구성하고 열역학적 및 경제적 측면에서 분석하였다. 액화 공기 생산량이 많을수록 1kg의 생산량 당 더 많은 에너지가 요구되는 경향을 보였으며 Case3는 Base case 대비 0.18 kWh 높게 나타났다. 그 결과 Case3의 액화 공기 1 kg 당 생산 비용이 $0.0172 더 높게 나타났다. 그러나 액화 공기의 생산량이 증가함에 따라 1 kg 당 운송 비용이 $0.0395 감소하여 전체 비용 측면에서 Case3는 Base case에 비해 1 kg 당 $0.0223 적은 비용으로 액화 공기를 생산 및 운송할 수 있음을 확인하였다.

지하 LNG 저장 시험장에서 극저온 환경에 의한 지반상태 변화의 규명 (Investigation of ground condition charges due to cryogenic conditions in an underground LNG storage plant)

  • 이명종;김정호;박삼규;손정술
    • 지구물리와물리탐사
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    • 제8권1호
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    • pp.67-72
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    • 2005
  • 복공식 시하공동내에 액화천연가스(LNG)를 저장하는 새로운 LNG 저장기술의 타당성을 검증하고 실규모 저장소 건설을 위한 기반기술의 개발을 위하여 액화질소를 저장하는 소규모 시험장을 한국지질자원연구윈 구내에 건설하였다. 액화질소를 지하공동내에 저장함에 따라 공동주변의 암반은 극저온 환경의 직접적인 영향을 받게 되므로, 공동주변에 결빙층(ice ring)의 형성은 물론 지반상태 변화를 수반할 것으로 예상되었다. 이 시험장에서는 지반상태의 변화 규명과 모니터링을 위하여 물리탐사, 수리지질조사, 암반공학 조사 등이 수행되었으며, 특히 시추공 레이다와 3 차원 전기비저항 탐사를 포함하는 물리탐사법을 적용하여 극저온 환경으로 인한 암반내 결빙층의 형성을 탐지하고 지반상태 변화를 모니터링 하였다. 특히, 3차원 전기비저항 탐사자료는 액화질소의 저장 전후에 획득하여 그 결과를 비교하였으며, 3 단계에 걸쳐 획득한 3 차원 전기비저항 영상들로부터 액화질소의 저장에 기인한 뚜렷한 전기비저항 변화 영역을 도출하였다. 저장공동의 동쪽부에서 전기비저항의 감소를 보였으며, 수리지질조사 결과와 저장소 주변의 여러 패턴을 비교, 검토하여 이와 같은 전기비저항의 변화가 지하수 흐름의 변화에 기인하는 것으로 해석하였다. 즉, 극저온의 액화질소에 의한 암반의 동결로 인하여 공동주변의 수리지질조건 및 지하수 흐름에 변화가 발생하는 등, 저장소 가동 이전의 지반상태로부터 뚜렷한 변화를 나타낸 것으로 해석되었다.