• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제50권2호
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• pp.120-128
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• 2013

This paper presents the results of sloshing experiments having different fluids in model tanks with various density ratios. The experimental model consisting water and air at ambient, which has been commonly used, is not consistent in density ratio with that of an actual LNG cargo tank. Therefore, an advanced experimental scheme is developed to consider the same density ratio of LNG and NG by using a mixed gas of sulfur hexafluoride ($SF_6$) and nitrogen ($N_2$). For experimental observation, a two-dimensional model tank of 1/40 scale and a three-dimensional model tank of 1/50 scale have been manufactured and tested at various conditions. Two different fillings with various excitation frequencies under regular motions have been considered for the two-dimensional model tank, and three different filling levels under irregular motions have been imposed for the three-dimensional model tank. The density ratio between gas and liquid varies from the ratio of the ambient air and water to that of the actual LNG cargo container, and the different composition of gas is used for this variation. Based on the present experimental results, it is found that the decrease of sloshing pressure is predicted when the density ratio increases.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제56권6호
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• pp.515-522
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• 2019

Since Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) is normally carried at 1.1 bar pressure and at -163℃, special Cargo Containment System (CCS) are used. As LNG carrier is becoming larger, typical LNG insulation systems adopt a method to increase the thickness of insulation panel to reduce sloshing load and Boil-off Rate (BOR). However, this will decrease LNG cargo volume and increase insulation material costs. In this paper, silica aerogel, glass bubble were synthesized in polyurethane foam to increase volumetric efficiency by improving mechanical and thermal performance of insulation. In order to increase dispersibility of particles, ultrasonic dispersion was used. Dynamic impact test, quasi-static compression test at room temperature (20℃) and cryogenic temperature (-163℃) was evaluated. To evaluate the thermal performance, the thermal conductivity at room temperature (20℃) was measured. As a result, specimens without ultrasonic dispersion have a little effect on strength under the compressive load, although they show high mechanical performance under the impact load. In contrast, specimens with ultrasonic dispersion have significantly increased impact strength and compressive strength. Recently, as the density of Polyurethane foam (PUF) has been increasing, these results can be a method for improving the mechanical and thermal performance of insulation panel.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제58권4호
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• pp.206-213
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• 2021

Recently, although the size of the LNG Cargo Containment System (CCS) has been increasing, the secondary barrier is reported to remain unchanged, and the conventional Flexible Secondary Barrier (FSB) used in Mark-III type has been pointed out to be vulnerable to failure owing to thermal and cyclic loads. In this respect, a tensile test was carried out to verify the reinforcing effect of FSB using aramid fiber on weft compared to the conventional FSB. In order to consider the LNG leakage situation, a series of tensile tests were conducted from ambient to cryogenic temperature, and mechanical properties were evaluated for each fiber direction on account of anisotropy. Tensile behavior and fracture analyses were performed to confirm the mechanical properties of each material according to temperature. Tensile test results proved that replacing the aramid fiber instead of E-glass fiber used on weft is effective in enhancing the mechanical properties.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국연소학회 2014년도 제49회 KOSCO SYMPOSIUM 초록집
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• pp.253-254
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• 2014

지구온난화 문제는 한국가의 문제가 아니라 인류의 문제로 대두되어 많은 이에대한 많은 연구가 이루어 지고 있다. 지구온난화의 주 대상물질인 화석연료로부터 연소시 발생하는 이산화탄소를 감축하기위한 많은 규제와 노력이 요구된다. CCS(Carbon Capture & Storage)란 화석연료로 부터 연소시 대기 중으로 배출되는 온실가스($CO_2$)를 포집하여 재생 또는 지중, 해양에 저장하는 기술로서 국가녹색성장 핵심기술중의 하나로 분류되며, $CO_2$ 회수방안, 저장, 처리관련 연구를 비롯하여 국내외 적으로 활발한 연구가 이루어 지고 있다. 또한 순산소 연소기술을 통한 $CO_2$ 회수, 처리기술은 연료의 산화제를 공기대신 순도 95% 이상의 고농도 산소를 이용하여 순산소연소를 하며, 이때 발생하는 배가스의 대부분은 $CO_2$와 수증기로 구성되어 있다. 발생된 배가스의 약 70~80%를 다시 연소실로 재순환시켜 연소기의 열적 특성에 적절한 연소가 가능하도록 최적화함과 동시에 배가스의 $CO_2$ 농도를 80% 이상으로 농축시켜 회수를 용이하게 하며, 동시에 공해물질은 NOx 발생량을 10ppM 이하로 줄일 수 있는 기술이다. 천연가스를 생산하는 LNG기지에서 연소에 의한 이산화탄소를 발생시키는 기기로는 수중연소식기화기(SMV ; Submerged Combustion Vaporizer)를 들 수 있다. SMV는 버너를 이용하여 $-162^{\circ}C$ LNG를 $10^{\circ}C$의 LN로 기화시키는 설비로서 특히 동절기에 작동시키며 $CO_2$를 배출시키는 연소기다. 본 연구에서는 수중연소식 SMV에 순산소 연소방식을 적용하여 천연가스와 산소를 연소시키므로서 발생되는 $CO_2$를 LNG냉열을 이용 액체화 시켜 회수하는 연구를 수행하고 있다. 내용중에 수중연 소식 SMV에 대한 순산소 연소기를 개발하는 연구를 수행하였으며, 실제 SMV의 1/10크기, 열량기준 1/900로 모형을 제작하여 실험하였다. 연소기 노즐 은 직경 0.6mm, 배가스가 수조내에서 48개의 노즐을 제작하였다. 실험결과 일정량 이상의 $CO_2$ EGR율이 일정 값 이상이 되면 화염의 길이가 공기/NG 화염 길이와 큰 차이가 없었으며 $CO_2$ EGR율이 100%이상에서는 $CO_2$ EGR율 증가에 따른 화염길이 변화는 크게 나타나지 않았다. CO 배출 농도는 공기/NG 연소의 경우보다 높게 나타났으며, ${\lambda}$가 1.4보다 높은 조건에서는 측정되지 않았다. NOx의 배출 농도는 약 1~8ppm으로 나타났다.

• International Journal of Ocean System Engineering
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.225-230
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• 2013

This paper introduces the experimental results of sloshing model tests carried out at Seoul National University. Two 1/50-scale tanks, i.e., 2D and 3D models with the same shape, were manufactured for the comparative study. Particular interest was taken in the differences in impact pressures between the 2D and 3D models. Regular motion tests were conducted for different filling depths. For each filling depth, 500 cycles of regular excitation were imposed at each frequency. To observe the characteristics and severity of sloshing from the acquired pressure data, statistical analyses were performed, not only for the peak pressure, but also for the area-concept indices, which represented the amount of impulse.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제58권3호
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• pp.137-143
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• 2021

In this study, the fracture strength of Flexible Secondary Barrier (FSB) composites was standardized by conducting a distribution analysis of the fracture probability, considering that the fracture strength of FSB composites such as glass fiber reinforced composites is relatively large. As the mechanical performance of FSB composites varies with the fiber direction, 20 replicate uniaxial tensile tests were performed for different temperatures ranging from the ambient to cryogenic conditions, considering the actual operating environment of liquefied natural gas. For the probability statistical analysis, the Weibull distribution analysis derived from the weakest link theory was used, considering the large variance in the fracture strength and brittle fracture behavior. The results of the Weibull distribution analysis were used to calculate the standard fracture strength of the FSB composites for different fiber directions. The findings can help ensure the reliability of the FSB mechanical properties in different fiber directions in the design of the secondary barrier and structural analyses.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.547-555
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to establish a numerical model of polyurethane foam (PUF) to simulate the dynamic response and strength of membrane-type Liquefied natural gas (LNG) Cargo containment system (CCS) under the impact load. To do this, initially, the visco-plastic behavior of PUF was characterized by testing the response of the PUF to the impact loads with various strain rates as well as PUF densities at room temperature and at cryogenic conditions. A PUF material model was established using the test results of the material and the FE analysis. To verify the validation of the established material model, simulations were performed for experimental applications, e.g., the dry drop test, and the results of FEA were compared to the experimental results. Based on this comparison, it was found that the dynamic response of PUF in dry drop tests, such as the reaction force and fracture behaviors, could be simulated successfully by the material model proposed in this study.