• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.95-98
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• 1999

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.284-297
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• 2012

Objectives : This study was performed to investigate characteristic indice of heart rate variability (HRV) according to presence of metabolic syndrome (MS), pattern identification. Methods : We analyzed 167 subjects who participated in a stroke check-up. We classified the subjects into two groups as MS (n=48) and non-MS (n=119) based on NCEP ATP III. First, we investigated pattern identification of all subjects based on Korean Standard Pattern Identifications for Stroke-III. Second, we surveyed significance of HRV indices between MS and non-MS groups. Third, we investigated significance of HRV indices between classified DP of MS and classified DP of non-MS. Fourth, we investigated significance of HRV indices between classified DP of MS and non-MS. Fifth, we investigated significance between components of MS and HRV indices. Results : 1. SDNN, RMS-SD, HF, Ln(HF), and HF (NORM) were significantly lower in the MS than non-MS group. LN (TP), LF/HF were significantly higher in the MS than non-MS. 2. Ln (HF), Ln (TP), and LF/HF were statistically significant in the classified DP of MS group. 3. RMS-SD, and Ln (HF) were significantly lower in the abdominal obesity group than in the non-abdominal obesity group. SDNN, RMS-SD, TP, Ln (TP), VLF, Ln (VLF), and Ln (LF) were significantly lower in the hypertension group than in the non-hypertension group. RMS-SD was significantly lower in the diabetes group than in the non-diabetes group. Mean HRT,LF/HF were significantly higher in the hypertriglyceridemia than non-hypertriglyceridemia group, but Ln (HF), RMS-SD, and HF (NORM) were significantly lower in the hypertriglyceridemia than non-hypertriglyceridemia group. Conclusions : We found a few significant relationships between classified DP of MS and HRV indices. The resluts demonstrate that MS has potentially negative effects on the cardiovascular system, and these effects could be detected by HRV.

• The Journal of the Society of Korean Medicine Diagnostics
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.94-109
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• 2005

Objectives: This paper investigated the effects of 8 Constitution Acupuncture on Heart Rate Variability(HRV) and is intended to find out 8 Constitutional difference on Autonomous Function after 8 Constitution Acupuncture stimulation. Methods: The subjects were comprised of 42 volunteers(11 men and 31 women). The volunteers had acupunctured by 8 Constitution Acupuncture Therapy. HRV and Mean Heart Rate(MHR) were measured by TAS9v2.0(IEMBIO & Saerom, Korea) on two times: before and immediately after acupuncture stimulation. The SPSS 13.0 for windows was used for statistical analysis: Mann-Whitney U-test, Paired Samples T -test and Wilcoxon signed rank test were used to verify the results. Results: 1. There was no statistically significant difference on HRV and MHR between Sympathicotonia and Vagotonia before acupuncture. 2. In the whole subject, immediately after acupuncture stimulation, MHR showed a significant decrease(p<0.01) and Ln(TP), Ln(LF) and Ln(HF) showed a significant increase(p<0.05). But there was no significant difference in LHR. 3. Immediately after acupuncture stimulation, MHR showed a significant decrease and Ln(TP), Ln(HF), showed a significant increase in Pulmotonia(p<0.05), Ln(TP) showed a significant increase in Pancretonia(p<0.05),MHR showed a significant decrease and Ln(TP) showed a significant increase in Hepatonia(p<0.05), and MHR showed a significant decrease and Ln(TP), Ln(HF), showed a significant increase in cholecystonia(p<0.05). But there were no significant difference on HRV and MHR in Colonotonia and vesicotonia. Conclusion: The results suggest that 8 Constitution Acupuncture is associated with changed activity in sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system. Further study is needed for investigating the effects of 8 Constitution Acupuncture on HRV and autonomic nervous system.

• Bulletin of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.38-46
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• 1990

A numerical solution method of the boundary integral equation for axisymmetric potential flows is presented. Those are represented by ring source and ring vorticity distribution. Strengths of ring source and ring vorticity are approximated by linear functions of a parameter $\zeta$ on a segment. The geometry of the body is represented by a cubic B-spline. Limiting integral expressions as the field point tends to the surface having ring source and ring vorticity distribution are derived upto the order of ${\zeta}ln{\zeta}$. In numerical calculations, the principal value integrals over the adjacent segments cancel each other exactly. Thus the singular part proportional to $\(\frac{1}{\zeta}\)$ can be subtracted off in the calculation of the induced velocity by singularities. And the terms proportional to $ln{\zeta}$ and ${\zeta}ln{\zeta}$ can be integrated analytically. Thus those are subtracted off in the numerical calculations and the numerical value obtained from the analytic integrations for $ln{\zeta}$ and ${\zeta}ln{\zeta}$ are added to the induced velocity. The four point Gaussian Quadrature formula was used to evaluate the higher order terms than ${\zeta}ln{\zeta}$ in the integration over the adjacent segments to the field points and the integral over the segments off the field points. The root mean square errors, $E_2$, are examined as a function of the number of nodes to determine convergence rates. The convergence rate of this method approaches 2.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.201-205
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• 2009

Triglyceride solid lipid with medium chain fatty acid, tricaprin (TC), was used as a core matrix of lipid nanoparticles (LN) to solubilize water-insoluble paclitaxel and enhance the stability of nanoparticles by immobilization of incorporated drug in the solid core during storage at low temperature. In the present study, TC-LN containing paclitaxel was prepared by hot melt homogenization method using TC as a core lipid and phospholipids as stabilizers. The particle size of TC-LN containing paclitaxel was less than 200 nm and its zeta potential was around -40 mV. Calorimetric analysis showed TC core could be solidified by freezing and thawing in the manufacturing process in which the hot dispersion should be prepared at elevated temperature and subsequently cooled to obtain solid lipid nanoparticles. The melting transition of TC core was observed at $27.5^{\circ}C$, which was lower than melting point of TC bulk. The particle size of TC-LN remained unchanged when kept at $4^{\circ}C$. Paclitaxel containing TC-LN showed comparable anticancer activity to the Cremophore ELbased paclitaxel formulation against human ovarian (OVCAR-3) and breast (MCF-7) cancer cell lines. Thus, lipid nanoparticles with medium chain solid lipid may have a potential as alternative delivery system for parenteral administration of paclitaxel.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.111-116
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• 2014

Purpose: The standard surgical procedure recommended to treat gastric cancer in advanced cases is dissection of D2 lymph nodes (LNs). However, the optimum number of LNs that should be retrieved in advanced gastric cancer (AGC) remains debatable. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the optimum number of retrieved LNs and determine the clinical implications of retrieved LN numbers on the treatment of AGC. Materials and Methods: Of 575 AGC patients reviewed, 369 who underwent open curative gastrectomy with D2 or more extensive LN dissection at our institution were analyzed according to their clinicopathologic characteristics and number of LNs retrieved. Results: Multivariate regression analysis revealed that tumor size (P=0.006), depth of invasion (P=0.000), LN metastasis (P=0.000), and stage (P=0.000) were independent variables with predictive value. The 5-year survival rates were differed significantly according to the numbers of LNs retrieved ([1] 15~25 vs. >25 and [2] 15~39 vs. ${\geq}40$) in patients with differentiated carcinoma. Conclusions: Tumor size, depth of invasion, LN metastasis, and stage were independent predictive factors for survival. The number of retrieved LNs was significantly associated with a long-term survival benefit in patients with differentiated carcinoma. Therefore, our data suggest that the retrieval of a minimum of 15 LNs may not be sufficient to warrant a recommendation for further curative surgery and that extensive LN dissection should be considered in advanced carcinoma of the differentiated type.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.293-297
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• 2001

The existing vapor pressure measurements reported in the literature for parahydrogen between the triple point and the critical point have been employed to establish the constants and exponent of the following equation in the form of reduced vapor pressure and reduced temperature: ln $lnP_r=2.64-{\frac{2.75}{T_r}}+1.48129lnT_r+0.11T^5_r$Only the normal boiling point ($T_b$= 20.268K), the critical pressure ($P_c$= 1292.81 kPa), and the critical temperature ($T_c$= 32.976K) are necessary to calculate the vapor pressure for an overall average deviation of 0.21% for 153 experimental vapor pressure data.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2005.06a
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• pp.1406-1411
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• 2005

The creep rupture data for type 316LN stainless steels were collected through literature survey or experimental data produced in KAERI. Using these data, polynomial equations for predicting creep life were obtained by Larson-Miller (L-M), Orr-Sherby-Dorn (O-S-D) and Manson-Haferd (M-H) etc. time-temperature parametric (TTP) methods. Standard error of estimate (SEE) values for the each parameter was obtained with different temperatures through the statistical process of the creep data. The results of L-M, O-S-D and M-H methods showed good creep-life prediction, but M-H method showed better agreement than L-M and O-S-D methods. Especially, it was found that SEE values of M-H method at $700^{\circ}C$ were lower than that of L-M and O-S-D methods.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers C
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.23-28
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• 1999

Electrical breakdown characteristics of liquid nitrogen($LN_2$) used as both coolant and insulator for high $T_c$ superconductor system are very important. This paper presents dynamic breakdown characteristics fo $LN_2$ by quench phenomena of thermal bubble under high electric field. Experimental results revealed dynamic breakdown voltage fell down drastically compared with the static breakdown voltage without the quench. Because of increasing heat power, bubble size becomes big and breakdown voltage decreases. The breakdown voltage mechanism of $LN_2$ depends on thermal bubble effect. In the Electrode arrangement, electrical breakdown voltage of horizontal arrangement appears lower than that of vertical arrangement. Also, we observed the behavior of thermal bubbles in $LN_2$ which were generated after quench using camera.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.105-106
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• 2006

The creep properties have been evaluated for type 316LN stainless steel welded by the SAW method. The creep tests were conducted with different stress levels for both the base and weld metals at $550^{\circ}C\;and\;600^{\circ}C$. The results of the creep-rupture time of the weld metal did not show a large difference when compared to those of the base one, though it exhibited a little lower value at $600^{\circ}C$. The creep rate of the weld metal was lower than that of the base one at the same stress and rupture-time conditions. The creep-rupture ductility of the weld metal is found to be decreased by about 60%, compared to the base one. This is due to the decreasing of tensile elongation and the increasing of the yield stress in the weld metals.