• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2017.05a
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• pp.431-431
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• 2017

도시화로 인한 홍수 피해 및 비점오염원 저감 방안의 해법으로 정부부처 및 지자체에서는 LID 시설의 설치를 권장하고 있다. 국토부 산하 GI&LID연구단 및 관계 부처의 노력으로 국내 LID 기술의 도입 및 연구 개발이 활발히 이루어지고 있으며 우리나라 환경에 맞는 LID 시공 기술력을 확보하는 중이다. 하지만 비점오염 및 홍수 저감의 대안으로서 LID 기술은 각광받고 있으나 LID설치 비용의 과대 인식과 실효성에 대한 불안감이 만연하여 시설 설치에 어려움을 겪고 있다. 본 연구에서는 도심지내 LID 기술을 적극적으로 도입하여 단지 조성중에 있는 송산그린시티 친환경시범마을을 대상으로 시설 설치 비용에 따른 비용 편익을 분석하였다. 시설 설치전 불투수면적에서의 물순환 관리능력과 설치 후 투수 및 저류 능력의 확대에 따른 물순환 관리능력을 비교하였고, 일정 수치 이상의 물순환 관리능력을 갖기 위해서 시설 설치에 필요한 비용을 분석하였다. 금번 연구에서 분석한 모델링 결과는 추후 준공될 친환경시범마을의 실제 관측치와 비교하여 연구 실효성에 대한 분석을 수행할 예정이다. 본 연구를 통해 LID 시설 설치시 비용-편익을 분석하고 이점을 제시하여 추후 있을 LID 시공 및 관련 연구에 도움이 되고자 한다.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.44-53
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• 2021

Urban stormwater runoff contains heavy metals that accumulate in on-site treatment systems, thus resulting to facility deterioration and maintenance problems. In order to resolve these problems, low impact development (LID) technologies that promote natural materials circulation are widely used. LID facilities are capable of treating heavy metals in the runoff by means of plant uptake; however, the uptake or phytoremediation capabilities of plants have not been studied extensively, making it difficult to select the most suitable plant species for a certain LID design. This study investigated the vegetative components of an LID facility, roadside plants, and plants in landscape areas with different heavy metal exposure and frequency to determine the uptake capabilities of different plant species. The plants harvested inside the LID facilities and roadsides with high vehicular traffic exhibited greater heavy metal concentrations in their tissues as compared with the plants in landscape areas. Generally, the accumulation of heavy metals in the plant tissues were found to be influenced by the environmental characteristics (i.e. influent water quality, air pollution level, etc.). Dianthus, Metasequoia, Rhododendron lateritium, and Mugwort were found to be effective in removing Zn in the urban stormwater runoff. Additionally, Dianthus, Metasequoia, Mugwort, and Ginkgo Biloba exhibited excellent removal of Cu. Cherry Tree, Metasequoia, and mugwort efficiently removed Pb, whereas Dianthus was also found to be effective in treating As, Cr, and Cd in stormwater. Overall, different plant species showed varying heavy metal uptake capabilities. The results of this study can be used as an effective tool in selecting suitable plant species for removing heavy metals in the runoff from different land use types.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.181-190
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• 2019

Recently, Low impact development techniques, a form of nature-based solutions (NBS), were seen cost-efficient alternatives that can be utilized as alternatives for conventional stormwater management practices. This study evaluated the effectiveness of an infiltration trench (IT) and a small constructed wetland (SCW) in treating urban stormwater runoff. Long-term monitoring data were observed to assess the seasonal performance and cite the advantages and disadvantages of utilizing the facilities. Analyses revealed that the IT has reduced performance during the summer season due to higher runoff volumes that exceeded the facility's storage volume capacity and caused the facility to overflow. On the other hand, the pollutant removal efficiency of the SCW was impacted by the winter season as a result of dormant biological activities. Sediment data also indicated that fine and medium sand particles mostly constituted the trapped sediments in the pretreatment and media zones. Sediments in SCW exhibited a lower COD and TN load due to the phytoremediation and microbiological degradation capabilities of the system. This study presented brief comparison LID facilities equipped with pre-treatment zones. The identified factors that can potentially affect the performance of the systems were also beneficial in establishing metrics on the utilization of similar types of nature-based stormwater management practices.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.37-44
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• 2017

Nonpoint source (NPS) pollution continues to degrade the water quality. NPS pollutants signals high concerns against a sustainable environment. Low impact development (LID) is the leading management practice which regulates and treats stormwater runoff especially in highly impervious urban areas. Constructed wetlands are known to have efficient removal capability of NPS pollutants. Likewise, these LID facilities were intended to maintain the predeveloped hydrologic regime through series of mechanisms such as particle settling, filtration, plant uptake, and etc. In this study, the objective was to investigate the characteristics, fate and treatment performance of the two in-campus constructed wetlands (SW1 and SW2) which were installed adjacent to impervious roads and parking lots to treat stormwater runoff. A total of 42 storm events were monitored starting from July 2010 until November 2015. Manual grab sampling was utilized at the inlet and outlet units of each LID facilities. Based on the results, the wetlands were found to be effective in reducing 37% and 41% of the total runoff volume and peak flows, respectively. Aside from this, outflow EMCs were generally lower than the inflow EMCs in most events suggesting that the two wetlands improved the water quality of stormwater runoff. The average removal efficiency of pollutants in facilities were 63~79% in TSS, 38~54% in TN, 54% in TP and 32%~81% in metals. The results of this study recommend the use of constructed wetlands as efficient treatment facility for urban areas for its satisfactory performance in runoff and pollutant reduction.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.434-442
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• 2019

Low Impact Development(LID) techniques has been attracting attention as a countermeasure to solve frequent flood damage in urban areas. LID is a techniques for returning to the natural hydrological cycle system by infiltrating the runoff from the impervious surface into the soil. The Bio-retention, one of the LID element technology has outflow reduction effect by reserving and infiltrating storm water runoff from watersheds. Recently, a number of studies have been carried out as interest in the reduction of storm water runoff and non-point pollutants in Bio-retention has increased. However, quantitative analysis on the outflow reduction of Bio-retention applied to small watershed is insufficient. In this study, Bio-retention model was constructed in a small watershed using K-LIDM which is capable of hydrologic analysis. When the storage capacity was increased or dividing the Bio-retention and watershed, the outflow reduction effect was 20% according to the storage capacity increase and 5~15% in the distributed Bio-retention system. The results of this analysis will be used as the basic data of future Bio-retention research related to watershed characteristics, vegetation type and soil condition.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2023.05a
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• pp.254-254
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• 2023

도시화로 인한 불투수면 증가에 따른 물 순환 왜곡 현상이 발생하고 있으며, 이에 따라 물관리를 위한 저영향개발 기법이 국내외에서 적극 도입되고 있는 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 강우입력에 따라 LID 해석이 가능한 저영향개발 디지털트윈 분석 시뮬레이터를 개발하였다. LID DT 분석 모듈은 LID 시설 해석에 특화된 모형으로 시나리오 강우 기반 시뮬레이션 및 실시간 강우량 연동을 통한 모의가 가능하며, LID 시뮬레이션을 위해 개별적으로 활용함과 동시에 실시간 강우량 연계 시뮬레이션이 가능하도록 개발하였다. 유역유출 계산은 SWMM 모형의 비선형 저류방정식을 기반으로 유출해석 및 기본 LID 해석은 EPA SWMM 엔진으로 해석하며 저수지 추적이 요구되는 빗물이용시설의 경우 별도의 모듈을 적용하였으며, SWMM LID 해석 결과의 시설별 상세 결과 표출이 가능하도록 개발하였다. 현재 LID DT 모형의 시범 지구 적용은 세종시 6-4 생활권 해밀마을을 대상으로 하였다. 소유역 24개소, 우수관로 27개소, 소유역 24개소 및 유역면적 51ha로, 총 64개의 LID 시설을 시설형식을 구분하여 소유역별로 적용하였다. LID 시설의 강우 발생일에 대한 첨두유량과 관측 결과를 비교하여 정상 상황과 비정상 상황의 유량 오차 발생 시 점검 경보 알림 기준을 설정하였으며, 이를 통해 LID 시설의 유지보수 정보를 제공할 수 있을 것으로 예상된다. 또한 실시간 강우 모의를 통해 빗물이용시설의 저류조 용량 대비 현재 빗물저류량을 계산하여 빗물이용시설의 빗물저류량에 대한 정보를 제공하여 물부족 발생알림을 제공 가능할 것으로 예상된다. 따라서 LID DT 시뮬레이터에 및 빗물이용시설 운영에 대한 의사결정 정보를 제공할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.321-333
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• 2019

A primary aspect of low impact development (LID) design that affects performance efficiency, maintenance frequency, and lifespan of the facility is the type of filter media as well as the arrangement or media profile. Several LID guidelines providing media specifications are currently available and numerous studies have been published presenting the effectiveness of these systems. While some results are similar and consistent, some of them still varies and only a few focuses on the effect of filter media type and arrangement on system performance. This creates a certain level of uncertainty when it comes to filter media selection and design. In this review, a synthesis of filter media specifications from several LID design guidelines are presented and relevant results from different laboratory and field studies are highlighted. The LID systems are first classified as infiltration or non-infiltration structures, and vegetated or non-vegetated structures. Typical profiles of the media according to classification are shown including the different layers, materials, and depth. In addition, results from previous studies regarding the effect of filter media characteristics on hydraulic and hydrologic functions as well as pollutant removal are compared. Other considerations such as organic media leaching, clogging, media washing, and handling during construction were also briefly discussed. This review aims to provide a general guideline that can contribute to proper media selection and design for structural LIDs. In addition, it also identifies opportunities for future research.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.662-669
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• 2017

This study evaluated the ecotoxicological properties of livestock waste water treated by a LID (Low Impact Development) system, using a mixture of bio-reeds and bio-ceramics as suitable bed media for a subsequent treatment process of a livestock wastewater treatment plant. The relationship between the pollutant reduction rate and the ecotoxicity was analyzed with the effluents from the inlet pilot plant, with vegetated swale and wetlands and the batch type of an infiltration trench. Each pilot plant consisted of a bio process using bio-reeds and bio-ceramics as bed media, as well as a general process using general reeds and a bed as a control group. The results indicated that, after applying the HRT 24 hour LID method, the ecotoxicity was considerably lowered and the batch type pilot plant was shown to be effective for toxicity reduction. The LID method is expected to be effective for water quality management, considering ecotoxicity by not only as a nonpoint source pollution abatement facility but also, as a subsequent treatment process linked with a livestock manure purification facility. It is necessary to take the LID technic optimization study further to apply it as a subsequent process for livestock wastewater treatment.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.333-342
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• 2022

Due to climate change, increased heavy rainfalls result in flood damage every year. To investigate the storm-runoff reduction effects of Low Impact Development (LID), this study performed runoff analyses using the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) for past and future representative storm events of the Yongdu Rainwater Pumping Station basin. As a result, the infiltration loss for representative future rainfalls increased by 3.17 %, and the surface runoff and peak runoff rate increased significantly by 32.50 %, and 128.77 %, respectively. To reduce the increased surface runoff and peak runoff rates, this study investigated the applicability of LID approaches, including a permeable pavement, green roof, and rain garden, by adjusting the LID parameters and the ratio of installation area. We identified the ranges of LID parameters that decreased peak runoff rate and surface runoff, and increased infiltration. In addition, when the application ratio of permeable pavement, green roof, and rain garden was 2:1:3, best performance was attained, leading to a reduction of peak runoff of 26.85 %, infiltration loss 12.01 %, surface runoff 15.11 %, and storage 509.47 %. Based on analyzing the effect of storm runoff reductions for various return periods, it was found that as the return period increased, the proportion of peak runoff and surface runoff increased and the proportion of infiltration loss and storage decreased.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.57-66
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• 2018

Water disasters such as flash floods and inundation caused by localized heavy rainfall in urban areas have a large impact on climate change but are also closely related to the increase in impervious areas as pointed out in domestic and international studies. It is difficult to secure natural green areas in urban areas that have already been developed. So, urban regeneration can be expected using water management optimized with technologies to secure infiltration and storage capacity such as Low-Impact Development technology. In this study, the water cycle improvement ability was confirmed by applying the LID technology within the district unit plan of the environmentally friendly village, and the economic feasibility of LID application was analyzed by estimating the costs and benefits of installing the facilities. The site was planned to conserve sufficient green and plans for securing the watershed infiltration and storage capacity were formulated with the application of additional LID technology, such as infiltration trenches, rain barrels and permeable pavements. The LID design method applicable to the site was established, and the water balance of the watershed was analyzed through simulations of the SWMM model. The water circulation improvement effect was confirmed through the water balance analysis, and the cost-benefits were determined according to the estimation method, and the economic analysis was conducted. This study confirms that the investment of LID technology is economically feasible for the hydrological improvement effect of the housing complex.