• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2015.08a
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• pp.147-147
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• 2015

The multilayer structure of the organic light emitting diode has merits of improving interfacial characteristics and helping carriers inject into emission layer and transport easier. There are many reports to control hole injection from anode electrode by using transition metal oxide as an anode buffer layer, such as V2O5, MoO3, NiO, and Fe3O4. In this study, we apply thin films of LiF which is usually inserted as a thin buffer layer between electron transport layer(ETL) and cathode, as an anode buffer layer to reduce the hole injection barrier height from ITO. The thickness of LiF as an anode buffer layer is tested from 0 nm to 1.0 nm. As shown in the figure 1 and 2, the luminous efficiency versus current density is improved by LiF anode buffer layer, and the threshold voltage is reduced when LiF buffer layer is increased up to 0.6 nm then the device does not work when LiF thickness is close to 1.0 nm As a result, we can confirm that the thin layer of LiF, about 0.6 nm, as an anode buffer reduces the hole injection barrier height from ITO, and this results the improved luminous efficiency. This study shows that LiF can be used as an anode buffer layer for improved hole injection as well as cathode buffer layer.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.1506-1508
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• 2010

$LiMnBO_3$ was successfully synthesized by a solid-state reaction method both with and without a carbon coating. Adipic acid was used as source material for the carbon coating. $LiMnBO_3$ was composed of many small polycrystalline particles with a size of about 50 - 70 nm, which showed a very even particle morphology and highly ordered crystalline particulates. Whereas the carbon coated $LiMnBO_3$ was well covered by mat-like, fine material consisting of amorphous carbon derived from the carbonization of adipic acid during the synthetic process. Carbon coated cell exhibited improved and stable discharge capacity profile over the untreated. Two cells delivered an initial discharge capacity of 111 and 58 mAh/g for $LiMnBO_3$/C and $LiMnBO_3$, respectively. Carbon coating on the surface of the $LiMnBO_3$ drastically improved discharge capacity due to the improved electric conductivity in the $LiMnBO_3$ material.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.552-558
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• 2000

LiMn2O4 thin fiolm cathodes for Li-ion secondary battery were fabricated by r.f. magnetron sputtering technique. As-deposited films were amorphous. A spinel structure could not be obtained LiMn2O4 films by in-situ thermal annealing. After post thermal annealing over $700^{\circ}C$ in oxygen atmosphere, LiMn2O4 films prepared above 100 W r.f. power could be crystallized into a spinel structure. The electrochemical property of the LiMn2O4 film cathodes was tested in a Li/1 M LiClO4 in PC/LiMn2O4 cell. From cyclic voltammetry at scan rate of 2mV/sec of 2.5~4.5V, LiMn2O4 electrode prepared by post annealing at 75$0^{\circ}C$ showed good initial capacity. LiMn2O4 electrode prepared by post annealing at 80$0^{\circ}C$ showed the best crycling performance.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.433-442
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• 1996

Electrochemical characteristics and physical properties of polymer electrolyte which immobilized lithium salts such as $LiClO_4$ and $LiCF_3SO_3$ and plasticizers such as ethylene carbonate(EC) and propylene carbonate(PC) in high molecular weight poly(ethylene oxide)[PEO] polymer was investigated. PEO-Li based polymer electrolyte with plasticizers showed ionic conductivity of $10^{-4}S/cm$ at room temperature and high electrochemical stability up to 4.5 V(vs. $Li^+/Li$), so it can be applied to lithium secondary battery. The crystallinity of PEO decreased with the addition of lithium salts and plasticizers, especially $LiClO_4$ and PC showed more effective than and $LiCF_3SO_3$ and EC. Glass transition temperature($T_g$) of polymer electrolyte increased with increasing lithium salt concentration whereas melting temperature ($T_m$) decreased. Polymer electrolyte with plasticizers crystallized at $6^{\circ}C$.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.269-273
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• 2015

The effect of adding Ca on the microstructural and mechanical properties of as-cast Mg-11Li-3Zn-1Sn(wt%) alloys were investigated. Mg-11Li-3Zn-1Sn-0.4Mn with different Ca additions (0.4, 0.8, 1.2 wt%) were cast under an $SF_6$ and $Co_2$ atmosphere at $720^{\circ}C$. The cast billets were homogenized at $400^{\circ}C$ for 12h and extruded at $200^{\circ}C$. The microstructural and mechanical properties were analyzed by OM, XRD, SEM, and tensile tests. The addition of Ca to the Mg-11Li-3Zn-1Sn-0.4Mn alloy resulted in the formation of $Ca_2Mg_6Zn_3$, MgSnCa intermetallic compound. By increasing Ca addition, the volume fraction and size of $Ca_2Mg_6Zn_3$ with needle shape were increased. This $Ca_2Mg_6Zn_3$ intermetallic compound was elongated to the extrusion direction and refined to fine particles due to severe deformation during hot extrusion. The elongation of the 0.8 wt% Ca containing alloy improved remarkably without reduction strength due to the formation of fine grain and $Ca_2Mg_6Zn_3$ intermetallic compounds by Ca addition. It is probable that fine and homogeneous $Ca_2Mg_6Zn_3$ intermetallic compounds played a significant role in the increase of mechanical properties.

• Journal of the Korean Electrochemical Society
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.58-67
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• 2015

The effects of electrolyte additives, lithium bis(oxalate)borate (LiBOB), fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC), vinylene carbonate (VC), 2-(triphenylphosphoranylidene) succinic anhydride (TPSA), on high-temperature storage properties of $Li(Ni_{1/3}Co_{1/3}Mn_{1/3})O_2$/graphite are investigated with coin-type full cells. The 1 wt.% LiBOB-containing electrolyte showed the highest capacity retention after high temperature ($60^{\circ}C$) storage for 20 days, 86.7%, which is about 5% higher than the reference electrolyte, 1.15M lithium hexafluorophosphate ($LiPF_6$) in ethylene carbonate/ethyl methyl carbonate (EC/EMC, 3/7 by volume). This enhancement is closely related to the formation of semi-carbonate compounds originated from $BOB^-$ anions, thereby resulting in lower SEI thickness and interfacial resistance after storage. In addition, the 1 wt.% LiBOB-containing electrolyte also exhibited better cycle performance at 25 and $60^{\circ}C$ than the reference electrolyte, which indicates that LiBOB is an effective additive for high-temperature performance of $Li(Ni_{1/3}Co_{1/3}Mn_{1/3})O_2$/graphite chemistry.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.681-691
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• 2010

LiDAR waveform decomposition plays an important role in LiDAR data processing since the resulting decomposed components are assumed to represent reflection surfaces within waveform footprints and the decomposition results ultimately affect the interpretation of LiDAR waveform data. Decomposing the waveform into a mixture of Gaussians involves two related problems; 1) determining the number of Gaussian components in the waveform, and 2) estimating the parameters of each Gaussian component of the mixture. Previous studies estimated the number of components in the mixture before the parameter optimization step, and it tended to suggest a larger number of components than is required due to the inherent noise embedded in the waveform data. In order to tackle these issues, a new LiDAR waveform decomposition algorithm based on the sequential approach has been proposed in this study and applied to the ICESat waveform data. Experimental results indicated that the proposed algorithm utilized a smaller number of components to decompose waveforms, while resulting IMP value is higher than the GLA14 products.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• v.26 no.6_3
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• pp.1233-1241
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• 2023

This paper investigates the efficient application of drone LiDAR technology for acquiring precise point cloud data in construction and civil engineering. A structured workflow encompassing data acquisition, processing, and accuracy verification is introduced. Practical testing on a construction site affirms that drone LiDAR surveying yields accurate and reliable data across various applications. With a focus on accuracy and verification, the results contribute to the progression of surveying methodologies in construction and civil engineering. The findings provide valuable insights into the dynamic technological landscape of these fields, establishing a foundation for more effective and precise surveying techniques. This study underscores the transformative potential of drone LiDAR technology in shaping the future of construction and civil engineering survey practices.

• Journal of the Korean Electrochemical Society
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.178-182
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• 2003

The oxygen reduction and NiO dissolution behaviors in Li-Na-K three component carbonate melts have been investigated with various compositions through electrochemical and chemical ways. The oxygen reduction currents and NiO solubilities were measured at $650^{\circ}C$ and atmospheric condition in Li-Na-K =47.4-32.6-20, 60-20-20, 50-40-10, $40-40-20 mol\%$ carbonate melts. The oxygen reduction currents showed dependence on the composition, indicating oxygen solubility is a function of carbonate composition. At the composition of $ Li-Na-K=50-40-10 mol%$, a broader peak was observed, suggesting different oxygen reduction mechanism probably prevails in this composition. In contrast, insignificant differences of NiO solubility were obtained among the compositions.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.205-210
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• 1998

$Li^+$ and $Mo^{6+}$ containing huntite borates $YbAl_3(BO_3)_4$were grown by spontaneous crystallization. All crystal show only the huntite-borate phase detected by X-ray powder diffraction analysis. On the basis of the data of the composition analysis, the occupation mechanism of each cation in the huntite structure has been discussed. $Li^+$ and $Mo^{6+}$ containing $YbAl_3(BO_3)_4$shows a six times higher intensity of the green light SHG detected by the powder technique than YAl_3(BO_3)_4$.