• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.58-60
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• 2011

Ligamentum flavum hematoma (LFH) is a very rare condition of dural compression; most are observed in the mobile cervical and lumbar spine regions. A 67-year-old man who had a long level interbody fusion at L3-S1 four years ago presented with symptoms suggestive of dural compression. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a posterior semicircular mass located at the adjacent L2-L3 level. After decompression of the spinal canal and removal of the mass lesion, pathological examination of the surgical specimen revealed a hematoma within the ligamentum. The patient fully recovered to normal status after surgery. Here, we report our experience with a LFH in the adjacent segment after a long level fusion procedure and discuss the possible associated mechanisms.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.28 no.4 s.69
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• pp.533-546
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• 1998

A Skeletal Class III malocclusion may be the result of a large mandible, a small maxilla or combination of the two. Protraction devices for the maxilla are used to promote the growth of a deficient maxilla by applying extraoral force to actively growing patients. This study has been performed to determine whether there are significant differences in skeletal and dental changes between FH/Pal 1 and FH/Pal 2 group, SNA 1 and SNA 2 group, SNB 1 and SNB 2 group, and LFH 1 and LFH 2 group after RME and facial mask therapy. The results of this study can be summarized and concluded as follows ; 1. In all patients after maxillary protraction, the maxilla and maxillary dentitions moved forward, and the mandible rotated backward and downward. In most of them, palatal plane is tends to have an upward inclination. 2. The FH/Pal group 1, having an upward inclination of the palatal plane as a result of Facial mast showed statistically significant maxillary forward movement compared to the FH/Pal group 2. 3. The SNA group 1 showed significantly less mandibular backward movement and there was a tendency for the palatal plane to upward inclination compared to SNA group 2. 4. The SNB group 1 showed significantly less maxillary forward movement, but the vertical dimension, especially the lower facial height increased by mandibular downward rotation compared to SNB group 2. 5. LFH group 1, which had large saddle angle and posterior positioned mandible in the pre-treatment stage, showed maxillary protraction effect without significant increase in lower facial height compared to LFH group 2.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.28 no.5 s.70
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• pp.763-774
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the morphology of mandibular symphysis and location of lower incisor under the influence of the craniofacial skeleton in skeletal Class III malocclusion. The sample consisted of 132 adults who have severe Class III malocclusion(prognathism group, 33 males and 33 females), and who have normal occlusion(normal group, 33 males and 33 females). They had not received any orthodontic treatment or orthognathic surgery. The lateral cephalograms were evaluated. The results were as follows : 1. Prognathism group were larger than normal group in comparison of facial skeleton (p<0.05) with the exception of ${\angle}FH-Pal$, ${\angle}SNA$. 2. In the morphology of symphysis, measurements of anteroposterior width(LaABBW, LiABBW, SW) of prognathism group were significantly less than that of normal group(p<0.001). 3. In the correlative analysis between the craniofacial skeleton and symphysis measurements of prognathism group, vertical measurements in relation with cranial base and mandibular plane showed reverse correlationship with anteroposterior width of symphysis(LiACBW, LaACBW, LiABBW, SW)(p<0.05). But, there was not distinct difference between horizontal skeletal measurements and symphysis measurements(p>0.05). 4. The probability by regression test between vertical measurements(${\angle}SN-Mn,\;{\angle}FMA,\;{\angle}Pal-Mn,\;{\angle}LFH$) and symphysis measurements(LiACBW, LiABBW, SW, ${\angle}LISA$) were very high(p<0.001).

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.239-247
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• 1985

The author compared patients with extreme variations in MP-SN angle with normal group in order to examine the relationship between the MP-SN angle and other skeletal and dental parameters. The results were as follows; 1. The OP-SN angle and OP-MP angle decreased as the MP-SN angle decreased. 2. As the MP-SN angle decreased, the skeletal and dental components became more anteriorly situated. 3. In high MP-SN group, TFH, UFH, LFH, OP-MP, ADH increased more than those in average MP-SN group. 4. The RH/TFH ratio decreased as the MP-SN increased.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.37 no.3 s.122
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• pp.192-203
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• 2007

Objective: The aim of this study was assessment of the relationship between airway space and facial morphology in Class III children with nasal obstruction. Methods: For this study, 100 Class III children (50 boys and 50 girls) were chosen. All subjects were refered to ENT, due to nasal obstruction. Airway space measurements and facial morphology measurements were measured on lateral cephalometric radiograph. Pearson correlation analysis was used to assess the relationship between airway space and facial morphology Results: Ramal height, SNA, SNB, PFH, FHR and facial plane angle were positively related to upper PAS, and sum of saddle angle, articular angle, and genial angle, SN-GoGn, Y-axis to SN and FMA negatively related to upper PAS. Genial angle, FMA were positively related to lower PAS, and articular angle, facial depth, PFH and FHR negatively related to lower PAS. PCBL, ramal height, Mn. body length, Mn. body length to ACBL, facial depth, facial length, PFH and AFH were positively related to tonsil size. Sum of saddle angle, articular angle, genial angle, facial length, AFH, FMA and LFH were positively related to tongue gap, and IMPA and overbite was negatively related to tongue gap. Upper PAS, related to size of adenoid tissue, was mainly related to posterior facial dimension following a vertical growth pattern of face and mandibular rotation. Lower PAS and tonsil size, related to anterior-posterior tongue base position, were significantly related to each other. Lower PAS was related to growth pattern of mandible, and tonsil size was related to size of mandible and horizontal growth pattern of face. Tongue gap was related to anterior facial dimension following a vertical growth pattern of face. Conclusion: Significant relationship exists between airway space and facial morphology.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.18 no.1 s.25
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• pp.235-252
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• 1988

The quadrilateral analysis is a proportional analysis which evaluates the skeletal configuration of lower face on the relations between both jaws in the horizontal as we]1 as vortical dimensions. This study was undertaken to analyse the harmony and disharmony of quadrilateral patterns in normal occlusion and malocclusion. The present study was carried out on lateral cephalograms of 530 Korean children; the subjects consisted of 135 normal occlusions (63 male and 72 female), 105 Class II division 1 malocclusions (52 male and 53 female), 109 Class III malocclusions (50 male and 59 female), 91 hypodivergent facial types (44 male and 47 female) and 90 hyperdivergent facial types (45 male and 45 female). The following conclusions were reached: 1. Means and standard deviation in each group and sex were obtained from normal occlusion and malocclusion. 2. Quadrilateral mean diagram in normal occlusion was constructed for male and female, respectively. 3. In normal occlusion, 1:1 ratio exists between the maxillary base length (A' to Ptm') and mandibular base length (B' to J'), but lower facial height is targer than above. 4. Difference is effective to estimate the degrees of Class II and Class III malocclusion, and lower facial height (LFH) and sagittal angle is effective to recognize the hypodivergent and hyperdivergent facial type. 5. Quadrilateral analysis is able to visualize the anteroposterior and vertical dysplasia of lower face, and it is helpful to recognize certain problems in malocclusion.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.24 no.3 s.46
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• pp.695-707
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• 1994

This study investigates the effects of third molar on the occlusal plane in Angle's class El malocclusion with possibilities of posterior crowding and the interrelationships of occlusal plane inclinations to other skeletal patterns. Above investigations might showed that considerations should be given to third molars with possibilities of posterior crowding in establishing diagnosis and treatment plans for Angle's class III malocclusion patients. The following conclusions were obtained 1. In events of third molars causing possible posterior crowding, maxillary third molars showed more mesial inclinations than second molars, and compared to those with third molar missing cases, first molars were more mesially inclined and displaced more inferiorly from the palatal plane and OP-MP was increase , thus the occlusal plane was less steep. 2. In events of third molars causing possible posterior crowding, the anglulation between AB line and mandibular plane was decreased and ANB showed negative values. Thus chin points were more protruded, ramus were more anteriorly displaced, and increase in lower facial height, genial angle, effective mandibular length and mandibular plane angle were observed. This in all caused more vertical opening and more severe skeletal disturbance. 3. OP-MP was increased as the maxillary first molars were more inferiorly displaced from the palatal plane. As this angle was increased mandibular planes were more inferiorly inclined and LFH, genial angle, effective mandibular length were more increased and mandibular ramus was more anteriorly placed. 4. As the maxillary first molars were more inferiorly placed from the palatal plane, more increased OP-MP/PP-MP ratio made the occlusal plane less steep. As OP-MP/PP-MP was increased, mandibular ramus was more anteriorly placed and made longer, and facial angle and effective mandibular length were increased.