• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.1-9
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• 2016

Objectives: Cold Hypersensitivity of Hands and Feet (CHHF) has been diagnosed objectively by Digital Infrared Thermal Imaging (DITI) and has been known to be associated with autonomic nervous system (ANS), which can be assessed by Heart Rate Variability (HRV). This study evaluated the correlation between severity of CHHF and HRV variables.Methods: We studied 155 non-menopausal women with CHHF who visited Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong from 01 October 2013 to 30 April 2016. We measured DITI and HRV of each patient. We used DITI to calculate the severity of CHHF with thermal difference between upper arm (L4, 俠白穴) and palm (P8, 勞宮穴) of both hands and anterior thigh (ST32, 伏兎穴) and dorsum of foot (LI3, 太衝穴) of both feet. The correlation between severity of CHHF and HRV variables were analyzed.Results: In time domain analysis, there was significantly positive correlation between the severity of CHHF and both SDNN and RMSSD. In frequency domain analysis, there was significantly positive correlation between the severity of CHHF and TP, HF and HF Norm while there was significantly negative correlation between the severity of CHHF and LF Norm as well as between the severity of cold hypersensitivity of both hands and LF/HF ratio.Conclusions: The more severe CHHF is, the more increased the function of parasympathetic nerve system (PNS) and relatively decreased the function of sympathetic nerve system (SNS) is. Also, it has known that cold hypersensitivity could be caused by deficiency syndrome and qi deficiency has the same ANS tendency as CHHF. Therefore, in practical fields, this result can be helpful in planning treatment and deciding prognosis in respect of deficiency syndrome.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.87-101
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• 2010

Objectives : The aim of this experiment was to investigate the influences of Autonomic Nervous System and EEG by conducting Reinforcement-Reduction(補瀉) acupuncture stimulation to compare the changes in acupoints on the body before and after treatment of acupuncture at Xingjian(LR2) being referred as Fire-point(火穴) and Ququan(LR8) being referred as Water-point(水穴) of Yin Liver Meridian(足厥陰肝經). Methods : This study was carried out on 30 healthy female volunteers in their 20's. There were four tests conducted throughout and the period for each test was between 2 to 5days. HRV and EEG were measured for 5 minutes before acupuncture stimulation was conducted on LR2-Reinforcement, LR2-Reduction, LR8-Reinforcement and LR8-Reduction at random. During the 20 minutes of acupuncture treatment, same subjects were measured simultaneously to observe any significant changes in acupoints. Again, the same subjects were measured for 5 minutes after removing the acupuncture in order to perform a comparative analysis. Results : The measurement of HRV showed that LF, LFnorm and LF/HF ratio increased significantly(p<0.05) while HF, HF norm decreased significantly in case of LR2-Reinforcement & LR8-Reduction. Both LR2-Reduction and LR8-Reinforcement induced a significant increase in HFnorm. EEG measurement indicated low $\alpha$ wave decreased and high $\beta$ wave increased significantly at LR2-Reinforcement during post-acupuncture period compared with acupuncture stimulation period. Both LR2-Reduction and LR8-Reinforcement developed significantly low $\alpha$ wave and high $\alpha$ wave. High $\beta$ wave increased significantly at LR8-Reduction during the acupuncture stimulation in comparison with pre-acupuncture period. Conclusions : The manipulation of acupuncture stimulation at LR2-Reinforcement and LR8-Reduction enhanced the activity of sympathetic nerves and the state of arousal while that of para sympathetic nerves declined. On the other hand, LR2-Reduction and LR8-Reinforcement developed the levels of para sympathetic nerves and relaxation.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.587-596
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• 2018

This study aims to observe changes in heart-rate variability (HRV) indices induced by e-cigarette and conventional-cigarette smoking and to compare the differences in acute cardiac autonomic regulation. All participants (n=41) were exposed to both e-cigarette smoke (ES) and conventional cigarette smoke (CS) in a randomized crossover trial. HRV analysis was performed during each smoking session based on a recorded r-r interval 10 minutes before smoking and at specified recovery periods (REC1, 0-5 min; REC2, 5-10 min; REC3, 10-15 min; REC4, 15-20 min; REC5, 20-25 min; and REC6, 25-30 min). ES led to a significantly increased cardiac sympathetic index (LF/HF ratio) compared with the baseline, and it shifted the sympathovagal balance toward sympathetic predominance, including reduction in the complexity of the interbeat interval (SampEn). In REC1 after ES, only decreases of parasympathetic indices such as rMSSD, pNN50, HF, and SD1 were indicated. CS sessions produced not only an increased LF/HF ratio during smoking and recovery periods (REC1 and REC4) but also enhanced sympathetic predominance on autonomic balance during smoking and recovery periods (REC1, REC2, and REC4). In the CS trials, parasympathetic indices of time and non-linear analysis (rMSSD, pNN50, and SD1) were decreased during smoking and in REC1 to REC5. SampEn was also reduced during smoking and REC1 to REC4. Acute sympathoexcitatory effects induced by e-cigarette use produced statistically significant results. Parasympathetic withdrawal after smoking suggests that e-cigarettes may cause increased cardiovascular risk.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.75-81
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to investigate the short-term effects of electrical massager on stress-related parameters including heart rate variability (HRV), heart rate (HR) using the photoplethysmogram (PPG) signal with motion artifact correction. Twenty healthy subjects were randomly allocated to receive a 15-min section of three types ((1) resting mode (control group), (2) light massage mode, (3) strong massage mode). Results indicated that self-report, VAS (Visual Analog Scale) significantly decreased for two massage modes after massage except control group. In strong massage mode, it was associated with significant increases in HF, but significant decreases in LF and LH/HF ratio compared with the light massage mode. For all outcomes, similar changes were not observed in the control group. Also, the result founded that mean HR of all groups decrease. We conclude that electrical massager reduces perceived stress and improves adaptive autonomic response to stress in healthy adults.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.128-138
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the CBC and HRV of postpartum women in the early 30s. according to parity. Methods: This study was done on 107 postpartum women between 30 and 34 years who admitted for postpartum care in Oriental Hospital of Woosuk University from 3rd February 2008 to 19th September 2008. They took the test of CBC and HRV. The SPSS 12.0 for windows was used to analyze the data and the independent samples t-test were used to verify the results. Results: 1. WBC and Grn of primipara group significantly increased compared with that of multipara group. LYM of multipara group significantly increased compared with that of primipara group. 2. Mean-RR and Complexity of multipara group significantly increased compared with that of primipara group. Mean-HR of primipara group significantly increased compared with that of multipara group. 3. Ln (HF) and Normalized HF of multipara group significantly increased compared with that of primipara group. Normalized LF of primipara group significantly increased compared with that of multipara group. Conclusion: The findings suggest that activation of the sympathetic nervous system in primipara group is higher than in multipara group. and activation of the parasympathetic nervous system in primipara group is lower than in multipara group.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.179-191
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• 2013

Kleine-Levin syndrome is a rare disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of hypersomnia, hyperphagia, hypersexuality and delusion and hallucination with spontaneous recovery. A 17-year-old female suddenly showed hypersomnia, severe fatigue, and compulsive hyperphagia. She was diagnosed with suspected Kleine-Levin Syndrome. The precipitating factor was an upper respiratory tract infection that the patient had undergone 2 weeks prior. Past psychiatric history included somnambulism and ADHD; her symptoms of ADHD included attention deficit, impulsiveness, hyperactivity, and irritability. This was her third episode. Her hypersomnia was longer in duration but lower in frequency compared with usual KLS. Her low LF/HF ratio in heart rate variability measurement showed high parasympathetic nerve activity. A MMPI report showed some psychological problem. The patient was diagnosed of gastric fever by pattern identification. Her hypersomnia episode improved 6 weeks after onset. This is the first reported case of suspected Kleine-Levin Syndrome in the field of Oriental Medicine in Korea.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2016.02a
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• pp.182.2-182.2
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• 2016

Hollow cathode discharge(중공 음극)는 음극 표면에서 발생되는 2차 전자를 이용하여 높은 밀도의 플라즈마를 만들 수 있는 장점이 있다. 전원으로 microwave, RF, DC, pulsed dc등을 사용할 수 있으며 박막의 증착, 식각 등에 응용 가능하다. 물리적 현상으로는 중공 음극 재료 표면 물질의 가열 및 이온 스퍼터링, 2차 전자의 가열, 자기장 인가 구조의 경우 전자 거동이 있다. PIC(particle-in-cell)방식의 모델링과 fluid model을 이용한 방법이 있는데 본 연구에서는 상용 fluid model software인 ESI사의 CFD-ACE+를 사용하여 모델링 하였다. 구동 주파수는 13.56 MHz의 상용 고주파 전원과 보다 낮은 1 MHz, 100 kHz의 수치 모델을 이용하여 HF, MF, LF 영역에서의 동작 특성을 해석하였다. 1차적으로는 가스 유동의 특성을 2D, 3D로 조사하였고 플라즈마 거동은 2차원을 주로 진행하였으며 계산 시간이 오래 거리는 3차원 모델을 하나 만들어 그 특성을 조사하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 2001.05a
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• pp.186-189
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• 2001

본 연구에서는 2종류의 색온도(4000 K, 2700 K)조건 하에서 작업자의 피로도를 평가하기 위하여 피험자에게 검색작업을 부가하고 주관평가 및 생리신호를 측정하였다. 주관평가는 ME(Magnitude Estimation)법의 설문지를 사용했으며, 생리신호는 ECG, 맥파, 피부전도도, 피부온도, 호흡, 뇌파를 측정하여 그중 ECG신호를 분석하였다. ECG신호 파라미터로서 IBI, BPM, 평균 BPM, LF/HF, CSI, CVI, CV-RR를 분석한 결과, 특히 CSI, CVI, CV-RR가 피로도와 상관관계가 높았다.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.502-509
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• 2007

This study evaluates thermal comfort by air conditioner temperature raising at the point of time that human body begins to adapt. Thermal comfort according to change of time enters by uncomfortable area gradually at general cold room temperature that magnetic pole is in human body. However, can know that keep continuous thermal comfort in case raise temperature in human body adaptation visual point. Experiments were performed in environmental chamber. Subjects were selected 4 men and 4 women whose life cycle were proved that are similar. The subjects stay in the pretesting room during the 30 minutes and enter the testing room under each experiment conditions. During the experiment, brain wave, electrocardiogram, blood pressure and thermal comfort and sensation responses were measured. In this study, physiological and psychological responses correspond under temperature raising at human body adaptation.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2007.03a
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• pp.305-307
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• 2007

KOMPSAT-2(K-2) 의 MSC 는 CCD pixel 별 band 별 특성, 감도 및 시간에 따른 변화, CCD Geometry 등에 의해 왜곡 현상이 일어나며 위성 발사 전에 실험실에서의 충분한 실험과 Calibration 작업 을 통해 얻어진 값들을 사용하여 Image Restoration, 상대 복사 보정, 절대 복사 보정 등의 작업들을 거쳐서 왜곡 현상을 보정하게 된다. 그 중 복사 보정에 해당하는 NUC(NonUniformity Correction)은 MSC 각각의 픽셀들이 상이한 특성을 나타내는 것을 균일한 이미지로 보정하는 작업으로 무엇보다 우선시 되는 검보정 작업이다. K-2 NUC table 생성에는 시스템 특성상 몇 가지 사항을 고려 하여 위성에 upload 하는 high frequency NUC(HF NUC)과 지상국에서 처리할 수 있는 low frequency NUC(LF NUC)으로 구분하여 알고리즘을 생성하였다.