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A CORRECTION TO A PAPER ON ROMAN κ-DOMINATION IN GRAPHS

  • Mojdeh, Doost Ali;Moghaddam, Seyed Mehdi Hosseini
    • Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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    • v.50 no.2
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    • pp.469-473
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    • 2013
  • Let G = (V, E) be a graph and k be a positive integer. A $k$-dominating set of G is a subset $S{\subseteq}V$ such that each vertex in $V{\backslash}S$ has at least $k$ neighbors in S. A Roman $k$-dominating function on G is a function $f$ : V ${\rightarrow}$ {0, 1, 2} such that every vertex ${\upsilon}$ with $f({\upsilon})$ = 0 is adjacent to at least $k$ vertices ${\upsilon}_1$, ${\upsilon}_2$, ${\ldots}$, ${\upsilon}_k$ with $f({\upsilon}_i)$ = 2 for $i$ = 1, 2, ${\ldots}$, $k$. In the paper titled "Roman $k$-domination in graphs" (J. Korean Math. Soc. 46 (2009), no. 6, 1309-1318) K. Kammerling and L. Volkmann showed that for any graph G with $n$ vertices, ${{\gamma}_{kR}}(G)+{{\gamma}_{kR}(\bar{G})}{\geq}$ min $\{2n,4k+1\}$, and the equality holds if and only if $n{\leq}2k$ or $k{\geq}2$ and $n=2k+1$ or $k=1$ and G or $\bar{G}$ has a vertex of degree $n$ - 1 and its complement has a vertex of degree $n$ - 2. In this paper we find a counterexample of Kammerling and Volkmann's result and then give a correction to the result.

SCALE TRANSFORMATIONS FOR PRESENT POSITION-INDEPENDENT CONDITIONAL EXPECTATIONS

  • Cho, Dong Hyun
    • Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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    • v.53 no.3
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    • pp.709-723
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    • 2016
  • Let C[0, t] denote a generalized Wiener space, the space of real-valued continuous functions on the interval [0, t] and define a random vector $Z_n:C[0,t]{\rightarrow}{\mathbb{R}}^n$ by $Zn(x)=(\int_{0}^{t_1}h(s)dx(s),{\cdots},\int_{0}^{t_n}h(s)dx(s))$, where 0 < $t_1$ < ${\cdots}$ < $t_n$ < t is a partition of [0, t] and $h{\in}L_2[0,t]$ with $h{\neq}0$ a.e. In this paper we will introduce a simple formula for a generalized conditional Wiener integral on C[0, t] with the conditioning function $Z_n$ and then evaluate the generalized analytic conditional Wiener and Feynman integrals of the cylinder function $F(x)=f(\int_{0}^{t}e(s)dx(s))$ for $x{\in}C[0,t]$, where $f{\in}L_p(\mathbb{R})(1{\leq}p{\leq}{\infty})$ and e is a unit element in $L_2[0,t]$. Finally we express the generalized analytic conditional Feynman integral of F as two kinds of limits of non-conditional generalized Wiener integrals of polygonal functions and of cylinder functions using a change of scale transformation for which a normal density is the kernel. The choice of a complete orthonormal subset of $L_2[0,t]$ used in the transformation is independent of e and the conditioning function $Z_n$ does not contain the present positions of the generalized Wiener paths.

The Geometry of the Space of Symmetric Bilinear Forms on ℝ2 with Octagonal Norm

  • Kim, Sung Guen
    • Kyungpook Mathematical Journal
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    • v.56 no.3
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    • pp.781-791
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    • 2016
  • Let $d_*(1,w)^2 ={\mathbb{R}}^2$ with the octagonal norm of weight w. It is the two dimensional real predual of Lorentz sequence space. In this paper we classify the smooth points of the unit ball of the space of symmetric bilinear forms on $d_*(1,w)^2$. We also show that the unit sphere of the space of symmetric bilinear forms on $d_*(1,w)^2$ is the disjoint union of the sets of smooth points, extreme points and the set A as follows: $$S_{{\mathcal{L}}_s(^2d_*(1,w)^2)}=smB_{{\mathcal{L}}_s(^2d_*(1,w)^2)}{\bigcup}extB_{{\mathcal{L}}_s(^2d_*(1,w)^2)}{\bigcup}A$$, where the set A consists of $ax_1x_2+by_1y_2+c(x_1y_2+x_2y_1)$ with (a = b = 0, $c={\pm}{\frac{1}{1+w^2}}$), ($a{\neq}b$, $ab{\geq}0$, c = 0), (a = b, 0 < ac, 0 < ${\mid}c{\mid}$ < ${\mid}a{\mid}$), ($a{\neq}{\mid}c{\mid}$, a = -b, 0 < ac, 0 < ${\mid}c{\mid}$), ($a={\frac{1-w}{1+w}}$, b = 0, $c={\frac{1}{1+w}}$), ($a={\frac{1+w+w(w^2-3)c}{1+w^2}}$, $b={\frac{w-1+(1-3w^2)c}{w(1+w^2)}}$, ${\frac{1}{2+2w}}$ < c < ${\frac{1}{(1+w)^2(1-w)}}$, $c{\neq}{\frac{1}{1+2w-w^2}}$), ($a={\frac{1+w(1+w)c}{1+w}}$, $b={\frac{-1+(1+w)c}{w(1+w)}}$, 0 < c < $\frac{1}{2+2w}$) or ($a={\frac{1=w(1+w)c}{1+w}}$, $b={\frac{1-(1+w)c}{1+w}}$, $\frac{1}{1+w}$ < c < $\frac{1}{(1+w)^2(1-w)}$).

System Design of SIGMA(KHUSAT-3) CubeSat Mission

  • Lee, Seongwhan;Lee, Junkyu;Kum, Kanghoon;Lee, Hyojeong;Seo, Junwon;Shin, Youra;Jeong, Seonyoung;Shin, Jehyuck;Cheon, Junghoon;Kim, Hanjun;Jin, Ho;Nam, Uk-Won;Kim, Sunghwan;Lee, Regina;Lessard, Marc R.
    • The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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    • v.39 no.1
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    • pp.54.1-54.1
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    • 2014
  • Kyung Hee University has been developing a CubeSat for the space science mission called SIGMA (Scientific cubesat with Instrument for Global Magnetic field and rAdiation), which includes TEPC (Tissue Equivalent Proportional Counter) and a magnetometer. SIGMA has a 3-unit CubeSat, and the weight is about 3.2 kg. The main payload is TEPC which can measure the Linear Energy Transfer (LET) spectrum and calculate the equivalent dose for the complicated radiation field in the space. The magnetometer is a secondary payload using a miniaturized fluxgate magnetometer. We expect it to have a 1 nT resolution in the dynamic range of ${\pm}65535$ nT. An Attitude Control System (ACS) spins the SIGMA spacecraft 4 rpm with the spin axis perpendicular to the ecliptic plane. Full duplex communication is consists of VHF uplink and S-band and UHF downlink. In this paper, we introduce the system design and the scientific purpose of the SIGMA CubeSat mission.

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Expanding Plan Study of KRTCS-2(Korean Radio Train Control System for Conventional & High Speed Railway) (일반 및 고속철도용 한국형열차제어시스템 확대적용 방안 연구)

  • Lee, Kang-Gyoo;Choi, Jong-gwoan;Sung, Dong-Il;Yun, Hak-Sun;Park, Jong-Won;Kim, You-Ho;Lee, Nam-Hyoung;Yoo, Jong-Cheon
    • The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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    • v.66 no.3
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    • pp.533-539
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    • 2017
  • ERTMS/ETCS Level 2 is currently planning, making contract, constructing and operating at several lines in European well-developed railway countries different from past ten years ago, and applying extensively for purpose of its intercompatibility and operational efficiency, and economic feasibility. On the other hand, ATP system correspond to ETCS Level 1, which was domestically introduced in early 2000, has introduced, operated, and planned or constructed in national railwaynetwork, but the lines, which its improvement period is come, are being occurred starting Gyeongbu Line. Therefore, we study the consideration and construction plan by stages if LTE-R Korean Radio-based Train Control System for conventional & high-speed railway under domestic development is extensively applied as the third National Railway Network Construction Plan was announced.

Identification of urinary microRNA biomarkers for in vivo gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity models

  • Jeon, Byung-Suk;Lee, Soo-ho;Hwang, So-Ryeon;Yi, Hee;Bang, Ji-Hyun;Tham, Nga Thi Thu;Lee, Hyun-Kyoung;Woo, Gye-Hyeong;Kang, Hwan-Goo;Ku, Hyun-Ok
    • Journal of Veterinary Science
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    • v.21 no.6
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    • pp.81.1-81.10
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    • 2020
  • Background: Although previous in vivo studies explored urinary microRNA (miRNA), there is no agreement on nephrotoxicity-specific miRNA biomarkers. Objectives: In this study, we assessed whether urinary miRNAs could be employed as biomarkers for nephrotoxicity. Methods: For this, literature-based candidate miRNAs were identified by reviewing the previous studies. Female Sprague-Dawley rats received subcutaneous injections of a single dose or repeated doses (3 consecutive days) of gentamicin (GEN; 137 or 412 mg/kg). The expression of miRNAs was analyzed by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction in 16 h pooled urine from GEN-treated rats. Results: GEN-induced acute kidney injury was confirmed by the presence of tubular necrosis. We identified let-7g-5p, miR-21-3p, 26b-3p, 192-5p, and 378a-3p significantly upregulated in the urine of GEN-treated rats with the appearance of the necrosis in proximal tubules. Specifically, miR-26-3p, 192-5p, and 378a-3p with highly expressed levels in urine of rats with GEN-induced acute tubular injury were considered to have sensitivities comparable to clinical biomarkers, such as blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, and urinary kidney injury molecule protein. Conclusions: These results indicated the potential involvement of urinary miRNAs in chemical-induced nephrotoxicity, suggesting that certain miRNAs could serve as biomarkers for acute nephrotoxicity.

Some Characteristics of Teflon-Thermoluminescent Dosimeters (테프론 열형광선량계(熱螢光線量計)의 특성(特性))

  • Lee, Soo-Yong
    • Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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    • v.7 no.1
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    • pp.23-33
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    • 1982
  • The characteristic thermoluminescence responses of Teflon thermoluminescent dosimeters to radiations have been studied by the variation of radiation qualities as well as the high dose radiations. The change in the sensitivity of TLDs for different radiation qualities were studied through not only the photon energy dependence but also the change of supralinearity on the photon energy dependence, by exposing $^{60}Co$ gamma rays, the effective X-rays of 44keV, 69keV, 108keV, and thermal neutron of 0.04 eV. The results were as the following: The TL response of $T-CaSO_4$: Dy as a function of absorbed dose was linear up to about 5 Gy, and the response beyond 5Gy was supralinear for $^{60}Co$ gamma rays. The supralinearity of T-LiF-7 became noticeably apparent more than that of $T-CaSO_4$:Dy and also the lower the LET of radiation became the higher the supralinear effects were. No supralinearity appeared for the thermal neutron irradiations equivalent to 10Gy of $^{60}Co$ gamma rays. The relative sensitivities (Rs), which depended on the doses of $^{60}Co$ gamma rays to the TLDs of T-LiF-7 and T-$CaSO_4$:Dy could be, respectively, approximated to the following empirical formula fitted by the least square method: $$R_{LiF}=1.021-0.04581\;logD+0.402(logD)^2-0.405(logD)^3,\;\;5{\times}10^3{\geq}D{\geq}1(Gy)$$ $$R_{CaSO_4}=0.976-0.3241\;logD+0.262(logD)^2-0.298(logD)^3,\;5{\times}10^3{\geq}D{\geq}1(Gy)$$.

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A Variable Latency Goldschmidt's Floating Point Number Square Root Computation (가변 시간 골드스미트 부동소수점 제곱근 계산기)

  • Kim, Sung-Gi;Song, Hong-Bok;Cho, Gyeong-Yeon
    • Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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    • v.9 no.1
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    • pp.188-198
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    • 2005
  • The Goldschmidt iterative algorithm for finding a floating point square root calculated it by performing a fixed number of multiplications. In this paper, a variable latency Goldschmidt's square root algorithm is proposed, that performs multiplications a variable number of times until the error becomes smaller than a given value. To find the square root of a floating point number F, the algorithm repeats the following operations: $R_i=\frac{3-e_r-X_i}{2},\;X_{i+1}=X_i{\times}R^2_i,\;Y_{i+1}=Y_i{\times}R_i,\;i{\in}\{{0,1,2,{\ldots},n-1} }}'$with the initial value is $'\;X_0=Y_0=T^2{\times}F,\;T=\frac{1}{\sqrt {F}}+e_t\;'$. The bits to the right of p fractional bits in intermediate multiplication results are truncated, and this truncation error is less than $'e_r=2^{-p}'$. The value of p is 28 for the single precision floating point, and 58 for the doubel precision floating point. Let $'X_i=1{\pm}e_i'$, there is $'\;X_{i+1}=1-e_{i+1},\;where\;'\;e_{i+1}<\frac{3e^2_i}{4}{\mp}\frac{e^3_i}{4}+4e_{r}'$. If '|X_i-1|<2^{\frac{-p+2}{2}}\;'$ is true, $'\;e_{i+1}<8e_r\;'$ is less than the smallest number which is representable by floating point number. So, $\sqrt{F}$ is approximate to $'\;\frac{Y_{i+1}}{T}\;'$. Since the number of multiplications performed by the proposed algorithm is dependent on the input values, the average number of multiplications per an operation is derived from many reciprocal square root tables ($T=\frac{1}{\sqrt{F}}+e_i$) with varying sizes. The superiority of this algorithm is proved by comparing this average number with the fixed number of multiplications of the conventional algorithm. Since the proposed algorithm only performs the multiplications until the error gets smaller than a given value, it can be used to improve the performance of a square root unit. Also, it can be used to construct optimized approximate reciprocal square root tables. The results of this paper can be applied to many areas that utilize floating point numbers, such as digital signal processing, computer graphics, multimedia, scientific computing, etc.

A Variable Latency Goldschmidt's Floating Point Number Divider (가변 시간 골드스미트 부동소수점 나눗셈기)

  • Kim Sung-Gi;Song Hong-Bok;Cho Gyeong-Yeon
    • Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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    • v.9 no.2
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    • pp.380-389
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    • 2005
  • The Goldschmidt iterative algorithm for a floating point divide calculates it by performing a fixed number of multiplications. In this paper, a variable latency Goldschmidt's divide algorithm is proposed, that performs multiplications a variable number of times until the error becomes smaller than a given value. To calculate a floating point divide '$\frac{N}{F}$', multifly '$T=\frac{1}{F}+e_t$' to the denominator and the nominator, then it becomes ’$\frac{TN}{TF}=\frac{N_0}{F_0}$'. And the algorithm repeats the following operations: ’$R_i=(2-e_r-F_i),\;N_{i+1}=N_i{\ast}R_i,\;F_{i+1}=F_i{\ast}R_i$, i$\in${0,1,...n-1}'. The bits to the right of p fractional bits in intermediate multiplication results are truncated, and this truncation error is less than ‘$e_r=2^{-p}$'. The value of p is 29 for the single precision floating point, and 59 for the double precision floating point. Let ’$F_i=1+e_i$', there is $F_{i+1}=1-e_{i+1},\;e_{i+1}',\;where\;e_{i+1}, If '$[F_i-1]<2^{\frac{-p+3}{2}}$ is true, ’$e_{i+1}<16e_r$' is less than the smallest number which is representable by floating point number. So, ‘$N_{i+1}$ is approximate to ‘$\frac{N}{F}$'. Since the number of multiplications performed by the proposed algorithm is dependent on the input values, the average number of multiplications per an operation is derived from many reciprocal tables ($T=\frac{1}{F}+e_t$) with varying sizes. 1'he superiority of this algorithm is proved by comparing this average number with the fixed number of multiplications of the conventional algorithm. Since the proposed algorithm only performs the multiplications until the error gets smaller than a given value, it can be used to improve the performance of a divider. Also, it can be used to construct optimized approximate reciprocal tables. The results of this paper can be applied to many areas that utilize floating point numbers, such as digital signal processing, computer graphics, multimedia, scientific computing, etc

Transmittance Characteristics by candlepower of Incandescent Lamp (백열등의 광력에 따른 수중 투과특성)

  • 박성욱;배봉성;안희춘;이정우;서두옥
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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    • v.38 no.4
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    • pp.293-299
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    • 2002
  • The anchovy scoop net fishery is one of the important in the South sea and coastal of Jeju of Korea. They are using incandescent lamp as a fishing lamp at night to gather anchovy shoals in the water surface. Fishing lamp (AC 100 V 500 W$\times$2~3 or AC 100 V 1 ㎾$\times$1) was installed at 1 m ahead of the prow and 1.5 m height from the water surface. The fishing lamp let anchovy shoals rise to the water surface and are attracted to bag net. On this study, the distribution of submarine illumination of 1㎾ and 2 ㎾ incandescent lamp were analyzed and discussed to investigate the ability of fishing lamp which can gather anchovy shoals effectively. The submarine illumination of incandescent lamp showed peak in wave length 690 nm. The relationship between submarine illumination (L) and water depth (Z) of 1 ㎾ and 2 ㎾ incandescent lamp in vertical light is 1 ㎾ : L = 3851. 9 $e^{-1.4587Z}$ $R^2$=0.9952 2 ㎾ : L= 8211.9 $e^{-1.2852Z}$ $R^2$=0.9977 The submarine illumination of 2 ㎾ incandescent lamp of 0~4 m layers appeared to be 3 to 4 times higher than 1 ㎾ incandescent lamp, and in more deep layers than 6 m appeared to be equal value of each lamp. The light of incandescent lamp (1 ㎾) pass through much better into vertical direction than horizontal, and submarine illumination of 20 m layers was 1.0 l$\chi$. Therefore, fishing lamp power is thought that 1 ㎾ incandescent lamp is more efficient than 2 ㎾ to gather anchovy shoals in depth of 15~20 m to water surface.