• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.572-580
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• 2020

Recently released AI speakers show a pattern of interacting with the user by mainly with voice and simultaneously displaying simple and formal visual feedback through status LED light. This is due to the limitations of the product characteristics of the speaker, which makes it difficult to interact variously, and even such visual feedback is not standardized for each product, and thus does not give a consistent user experience. By maximizing the visual elements that can be expressed through color and abstract movement to assist voice feedback, the product can provide the user with an extended experience that includes not only functional satisfaction but also emotional satisfaction. In this study, after analyzing the interaction methods of the existing AI speakers, we examined the theory of color communication in order to expand the visual feedback effect, and examined the meaning and expression technique of Color Field Painting, an art genre that maximizes the emotional experience by using only color. Through this, the AI speaker's visual communication function was expanded by designing a way to feedback communication status using LED light.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.27 no.9
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• pp.1-5
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• 2013

We developed high-efficient 6W-LED package with simple structure by applying Heat Slug and silicone-reflector. LED package was manufactured in $8.5{\times}8.5mm$ sized multi-chip structure having thickness of $500{\mu}m$ achieved by bonding silicon-reflector with prepreg on top of the plate after implementing the reflector placed on copper substrate Half Etching by thickness of $200{\mu}m$. The luminous flux, luminous efficacy, correlated color temperature, color rendering index and thermal resistance of developed LED was evaluated, and it verified the application of products by applying it to 120W-LED road luminaires through simulation. The luminous efficacy of LED package reached over 130lm/W, and it is possible to be manufactured into 120W-LED road luminaires using 18 packages. In addition, the simulation results showed average of horizontal illuminance and overall illuminance uniformity that is suitable for three-lane road.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.27-34
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• 2015

There has been a critical issue in optical simulation of phosphors in LEDs due to their light-reabsorption properties. To improve the accuracy of optical modeling for a white LED package, we utilized the spectrum data of the phosphor-dispersed encapsulant film instead of the phosphor powder. By measuring white LED packages with green and red phosphors, the maximum difference between simulation and experimental results of a color temperature, a color rendition index number and a color coordinate corresponds to ${\Delta}T=95K$, ${\Delta}Ra=1.7$ and ${\Delta}xy=0.007$, respectively. Based on those results, the proposed method can well explain the change of emission spectra of white LEDs with more than two phosphors which introduce the complex optical phenomena such as absorption, reabsorption, light emission, reflection and scattering, etc.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.353-366
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• 2006

The aim of this study is to characterize the optical properties of white light-emitting diodes lighting modules and then to evaluate the sensitivity of students and teachers in reacting to the optical properties of these modules. For the sake of this study, each of 5 lighting modules was introduced to the 5 test cabinets. The 5 test cabinets were evaluated and analyzed the student and teacher's sensitivity reaction. We have selected If questions on sensitivity of the lighting and evaluated these questions with semantic differential method. To verify the reliability and objectivity of the questions, the feasibility survey was carried out by a preliminary test. As a result of the test, the sensitivities on the test cabinets were classified the 4 factors, namely, activity as the first factor, stability as the second one , potency as the third one and sensitive image as the fourth one respectively. By the evaluation of student and teacher's sensitivity on the correlated color temperature, they preferred the cabinet with the higher color temperature in view of the activity and potency. And they preferred the cabinet with the lower color temperature in view of the stability factor. In the sensitive image, they preferred the 5800K, bluish white lighting regardless of the color temperature. By the evaluation on the color rendering index, they preferred the cabinet with the higher color rendering index in view of the activity, stability and sensitive image. In the potency factor, they preferred the white lighting with the middle color rendering index.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.20 no.7
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• pp.1317-1324
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• 2016

Utilizing the Arduino platform to express the emotions that reflect the colors expressed the jewelry. Emotional color expression utilizes Plutchik's Wheel of Emotions model was applied to the similarity of emotions and colors. It receives the recognized value from the temperature, lighting, sound, pulse sensor and gyro sensor of a smart jewelery that can be easily accessible from your smartphone processes that recognize and process the emotion applied the rules of inference based on ontology. The emotional feelings color depending on the color looking for the emotion seen in context and applied to the smart LED jewelry. The emotion and the color combination of contextual information extracted from the recognition sensors are reflected in the built-in smart LED Jewelry depending on the emotions of the wearer. Take a light plus the emotion in a smart jewelery can represent the emotions of the situation, the doctor will be able to be a tool of representation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2014.02a
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• pp.280-280
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• 2014

We report the fabrication and electroluminescent characteristics of GaN/InxGa1-xN microdonut-shaped light-emitting diode (LED) microarrays as variable-color emitters. The diameter, width, height, and period of the GaN microdonuts were controlled by their growth parameters and the geometrical factors of the growth mask patterns. For the fabrication of microdonut LEDs, p-GaN/p-AlxGa1-xN/u-GaN/u-InxGa1-xN heteroepitaxial layers were coated on the entire surface of n-GaN microdonuts. The microdonut LED arrays showed strong light emission, which could be seen with the unaided eye under normal room illumination. Additionally, magnified optical images of microdonut LED arrays exhibited microdonut-shaped light emissions having spatially resolved blue and green colors. Their electroluminescence spectra had two dominant peaks at 460 and 560 nm. With increasing applied voltage, the intensity of the blue emission peak increased much faster than that of the green emission peak, indicating that the color of the LEDs is tunable. We also demonstrated that EL spectra of the devices could be controlled by changing the size of microdonut LEDs. What we want to emphasize here with the microdonut LEDs is that they have additional inner sidewall facets which did not exist for other typical three-dimensional structures including nanopyramids and nanorods, and that InxGa1-xN single quantum well formed on the inner sidewall facets had unique thickness and chemical composition, which generated additional EL color. The origin of the electroluminescence peaks was investigated by structural characterizations and chemical analyses.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.1-12
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• 2008

The aim of this study is to investigate the sensitivity evaluation of human beings in reacting to the correlated color temperature of the optical properties of white LED lighting. For the sake of this study, white light-emitting diode modules have been fabricated their correlated color temperature have been measured, test cabinets for the sensitivity evaluation have been constructed with the white LED modules, and their sensitivity reactions on the test cabinets have been evaluated and analyzed. The sensitivity reaction has been evaluated by the semantic differential method with 15 selected questions, and the reliability and the content validity of their lighting have been analyzed to 3 factors which foe the activity as the first factor, the stability as the second one, the potency as the third one, respectively. For the data analysis on the sensitivity reaction, the dependent variable is the score of the sensitivity evaluation and the independent one is the correlated color temperature of the test module. The results of this study is as follows: In the case of the sensitive evaluation on the activity and the potency in the white LED lighting compared with the fluorescent lamp, the subjects have made higher mark on $MA_3$ with 8,300[K], and in the factor of the stability, they have made higher mark on $MA_1$ with 3,800[K].

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.61-65
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• 2009

In this paper, we report on the growth and optical characteristics of white-LED without fluorescent material. The growth of DH(double heterostructure) with AlGaN active layer was performed on a n-GaN/(0001) $Al_{2}O_{3}$ by the mixed-source HVPE and multi-sliding boat. The CRI(color rendering index) of packaging device charged in the range 72-93 with CIE chromaticity coordinates(x=$0.26{\sim}0.34$, y=$0.31{\sim}0.40$). And CCT(correlated color temperature) values was measured $5126{\sim}10406K$ with increasing injection current. The CIE point of conventional phosphor white LED shifts blue region, but cm point of non-phosphor white LED shifts opposite direction. These results show the mixed-source HVPE can be possible to newly fabricate method of phosphor free white LED with high CRI value.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.57-62
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• 2016

This study was conducted to find out the influence of red LED (Light Emitting Diode) lighting on the photosynthesis, vegetative growth and fruit quality of 'Fuji'/M.26 adult apple tree during night after sunset. The photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate at daytime of red LED treatments was not different to those of the control. However, the stomatal conductance and transpiration rate at the nighttime of red LED treatments were lower than those of the control, and the red LED lighting during night after sunset was not induce to photosynthesize at nighttime. In the leaf characteristics, the red LED lighting seemed to increase leaf area and C/N ratio, but decrease SPAD value. The bourse shoot length of the red LED treatments was shorter than that of the control. In the fruit quality, the red LED lighting seemed to increase ethylene production, respiration rate, soluble solid content and fruit red color, and especially the fruit red color tend to increase as the red LED lighting time was longer. In conclusion, the red LED lighting during night after sunset of 'Fuji'/M.26 apple tree promoted the fruit maturation.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.272-277
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• 2011

The effect of the M-window color mixing bar on the characteristics of color mixing and hot spots in the edge-lit backlight employing red (R), green (G), blue (G) light emitting diodes (LED) were studied in terms of the structure of the M-window color mixing bar. The rays from RGB LEDs entering the M-window bar were mixed by internal reflection and scattering inside the M-window bar so that the hot spots and color separation were minimized. The M-window bar was designed and fabricated and the simulation results are matched quite well to experimental data.