• The KIPS Transactions:PartC
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• v.15C no.2
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• pp.119-124
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• 2008

The LEACH is a study method of a clustering base that was representative in many routing techniques that was suggested in sensor network environment. This is suggested technique to manage the sensor network group which consisted of many sensors in efficiency. However, it does not consider energy remaining quantity of the cluster header to manage cluster group, the problem where the cluster group is able to destroyed on the middle which transmits data. We are going to propose to solve such a problem by this paper for new clustering technique to accomplish management for a cluster group. It uses the technique which it proposes from the dissertation which it sees and are to the data transfer and the control also the connection directivity of the cluster group to improve also the lag time diminishes, test result it will lead and the possibility which it will know it was.

• Journal of Species Research
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.443-447
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• 2020

A newly recorded species Caprella arimotoi Takeuchi, 1993, belonging to the family Caprellidae Leach, 1814, was collected from the South Sea, Korea. This species is morphologically very similar to Caprella verrucosa Boeck, 1871, with blunt dorsal projections on pereonites, oval-shaped propodus on gnathopod 2, and grasping spines on the pereopods 5-7. Caprella arimotoi originated from C. verrucosa and are difficult to distinguish because they have mixed characteristics. However, C. arimotoi was classified because of several morphological differences. The newly recorded species C. arimotoi is discernible from C. verrucosa by a forwardly curved anterodorsal projection on head, elongated gills, slender pereopod 7, and lacking ventrolateral projections on pereonites 2-7. To date, C. arimotoi has only been reported in Japanese waters. So, our record is the first record in Korean waters and outside of Japan. In this study, the Korean C. arimotoi is illustrated based on the mature male specimens with a brief description of the female, focusing on the sexually dimorphic characters.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.11 no.9
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• pp.3472-3480
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• 2010

The Clustering technology of Energy efficiency wireless sensor network gets the energy efficiency by reducing the number of communication between sensor nodes and sink node. In this paper, First analyzed on the clustering technique of the distributed clustering protocol routing scheme LEACH (Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy) and HEED (Hybrid, Energy-Efficient Distributed Clustering Approach), and based on this, new energy-efficient clustering technique is proposed for the cause the maximum delay of dead nodes and to increase the lifetime of the network. In the proposed method, the cluster head is elect the optimal efficiency node based on the residual energy information of each member node and located information between sink node and cluster node, and elected a node in the cluster head since the data transfer process from the data been sent to the sink node to form a network by sending the energy consumption of individual nodes evenly to increase the network's entire life is the purpose of this study. To verify the performance of the proposed method through simulation and compared with existing clustering techniques. As a result, compared to the existing method of the network life cycle is approximately 5-10% improvement could be confirmed.

• 기계와재료
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.80-87
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• 2010

본 연구는 현재 전기설비 가운데 주요부위의 절연상태를 지속적으로 감시하기위한 여러 제약조건 내에서 효과적인 무선센서네트워크를 적용하는 것이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 전기설비에서 발생하는 여러 환경인자 가운데 일정량의 노화(열화)가 진행되었을 E 발생할 수 있는 공기 중 전기 코로나방전을 감시하고 그와 관련된 환경인자를 지속적으로 감시하기 위한 네트워크로 무선센서네트워크를 조사하고 적용대상에 맞는 네트워크 알고리즘을 분석하였다. 선정한 방식의 라우팅 알고리즘을 유사한 방식을 사용하는 알고리즘과 동일한 조건에서 시뮬레이션을 수행한 결과 가장 적합하다고 판단되는 LEACH-C 라우팅 알고리즘을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.11-19
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• 2016

A fundamental study to recycle a Si-Sludge and waste copper nitrate solution acid solution generated by domestic electronic industries was carried out. The waste copper nitrate solution was used as the lixiviant to leach the metals like Cu, Ca, Fe, etc. from the sludge leaving Si in the residues. The effect of reaction temperature, time and pup density on the metals leaching from the sludge was investigated. To enhance the extractability of Fe, the effect of HCl, $HNO_3$ and $H_2O_2$ introduced additionally during the leaching was also examined. Considering the leaching efficiency of Fe along with Cu, the leaching conditions comprising of 200 ~ 225 g/L pulp density and $90^{\circ}C$ temperature for 30 min were optimized. Under this condition, 98.27 ~ 99.17% Cu could be dissolved in the leach liquor with the obtained purity of Si in the residues as 98.69 ~ 98.86 %. The study revealed that the leaching of Cu contained in the Si-Sludge with the waste copper nitrate solution is a plausible approach by which the obtained leach liquor can further be treated suitably to recover Cu as the high pure value-added products.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.774-784
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• 2009

A wireless sensor network consisting of a large number of nodes with limited battery power should minimize energy consumption at each node to prolong the network lifetime. To improve the sensitivity of wireless sensor networks, an efficient scheduling algorithm and energy management technology for minimizing the energy consumption at each node is desired. ill this paper, we propose energy-aware routing mechanism for maximum lifetime and to optimize the solution quality for sensor network maintenance and to relay node from its adjacent cluster heads according to the node"s residual energy and its distance to the base station. Proposed protocol may minimize the energy consumption at each node, thus prolong the lifetime of the system regardless of where the sink is located outside or inside the cluster. Simulation results of proposed scheme show that our mechanism balances the energy consumption well among all sensor nodes and achieves an obvious improvement on the network lifetime. To verify propriety using NS-2, proposed scheme constructs sensor networks adapt to current model and evaluate consumption of total energy, energy consumption of cluster head, average energy dissipation over varying network areas with HEED and LEACH-C.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.185-191
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• 2020

A newly recorded species Caprella mutica Schurin, 1935 belonging to the family Caprellidae Leach, 1814 was collected from the East Sea, Korea. Caprella mutica is native to the north-east Asia but is a well-known cosmopolitan and invasive species in many areas. This species is morphologically highly similar to C. acanthogaster Mayer, 1890. However, it is distinguished from a combination of the characteristics of the head, pereonites 1-2, and gnathopod 2. In this study, the Korean C. mutica is fully illustrated based on the mature specimens and compared to C. acanthogaster.

• Proceedings of the Korean Radioactive Waste Society Conference
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• 2005.06a
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• pp.352-361
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• 2005

In this study, conventional head-end processes of spent TRISO fuel have been reviewed to develope more effective treatment methods. The main concerns in the TRISO treatment are to effectively separate the carbon and SiC contained in the TRISO particles. The crush-burn scheme which was considered in the early stages of the development has been replaced by the crush-leach process because of $^{14}C$ problems as a second waste during the process. However there are still many obstacles to overcome in the reported processes. Hence, innovative thermomechanical concepts to breach the coating layers of the TRISO particle with a minimized amount of second waste are proposed in this paper and their principles are described in detail.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.28-32
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• 1967

The direct acid leaching of domestic Marmatite concentrate at elevated temperatures and pressures was investigated. Almost 100 percent of zinc was extracted from the concentrate liberating free sulfur in 4 hours at $100^{\circ}C$ when the oxygen partial pressure was 5 atm. in sulfuric acid solution. By applying the Arrhenius equation to leach reaction in the range of $60^{circ}$ to $100^{\circ}C$ at the same oxygen partial pressure, 15.7 kcal per mole of activation energy was calculated. At the initial stage of leaching, the rate of reaction increased linearly by increasing temperature and pressure. The concentration of sulfuric acid gave minor effect to leaching velocity in the range of 5 to 20 percent. The particle size should be under 270 mesh for 100 percent extraction of zinc.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.88-95
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• 2020

An investigation of rare metals recovery from LiNi_xCo_yMn_zO₂ cathode material of the end-of-life lithium-ion batteries is presented. To determine the influence of reductant on the leach process, the cathode material (containing Li 7.6%, Co 20.4%, Mn 19.4%, and Ni 19.3%) was leached in H₂SO₄ solutions either with or without H₂O₂. The optimal process parameters with respect to acid concentration, addition dosage of H₂O₂, temperature, and the leaching time were found to be 2.0 M H₂SO₄, 4 vol.% H₂O₂, 70℃, and 150 min, respectively. The yield of metal values in the leach liquor was > 99%. The leach liquor was subsequently treated by precipitation techniques to recover nickel as Ni(C₄H₇N₂O₂)₂ and lithium as Li₂CO₃ with stoichiometric ratios of 2:1 and 1.2:1 of dimethylglyoxime:Ni and Na₂CO₃:Li, respectively. Cobalt was recovered by solvent extraction following a 3-stage process using Na-Cyanex 272 at pH_eq ~5.0 with an organic-to-aqueous phase ratio (O/A) of 2/3. The loaded organic phase was stripped with 2.0 M H₂SO₄ at an O/A ratio of 8/1 to yield a solution of 114 g/L CoSO₄; finally recovered CoSO₄.xH₂O by crystallization. The process economics were analyzed and found to be viable with a margin of $476 per ton of the cathode material.