• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.47-61
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• 2016

Objectives: The objective of this research is to develop new animal-experimental model for Sasang Constitutional Medicine, especially for partial Taeyangin(one of four constitution which has good pulmonary function and poor hepatic function) by AAP intraperitoneal injection, and to estimate from the viewpoint of obesity and lipid metabolism. Methods: The C57bl/6J mice was divided into 4 groups ; Normal group, AAP group, High-Fat-Diet(HFD) group, and HFD+AAP group. 200mg AAP was injected intraperitoneally to the AAP group twice a week for six weeks, and HFD group was fed with 60%-High-fat Diet for six weeks. HFD+AAP group got both AAP injection and 60%-High-fat Diet at the same time for the same period. In this period, We measured the weight and Food Efficiency Ratio(FER, %) once a week. After six weeks, We conducted the blood chemical test from the groups, and extracted the fat tissue to measure weight. Results & conclusion: In the liver function test, two AAP groups had higher AST and ALP, and normal LDH. The blood level of creatinine from all groups were normal. The rate in weight was lesser by 7.8% in HFD+AAP group, and had lesser FER than HFD group. Also They had lesser Total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol, and had more HDL cholesterol than HFD group. HFD+AAP group hadmore glucose in serum and lesser Insulin-like Growth Factor 1(IGF-1) than HFD group.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.42-48
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• 2000

The study was designed to observe the effect of complete listing for 10 days on body fatness, serum leptin level and lipid profile in thirty women who were admitted to fasting Clinical Program in Kyung-Hee Oriental Medical Center. Most of the subjects had food habits of over-eating and preferred oily foods which was correlated to the increase of body weight and BMI during realimentation. Average loss of body weight was 7.98kg and waist-hip ratio was significantly decreased during fasting. Body weight showed significant positive correlation with body fat(r=0.8182), lean body mass(r=0.7797) and total body water(r=0.7563). Body fat was gradually reduced after 9 days fasting, but lean body mass was not diminished any more after 7 days luring. Serum leptin level was significantly decreased after luring and re-feeding. The leptin showed significant positive correlation with body weight(r=0.9324), body mass index(r=0.8279) and body fat(r=0.8376). The levels of serum total cholesterol and LDL-C were significantly increased but HDL-C level was significantly decreased after fasting which increased could be harmful for persons with hypercholesterolemia. VLDL-C and triglyceride levels were not significantly decreased after fasting. Serum total free fatty acid level was significantly increased after fasting. These data suggest that the best way of maintaining the reduced body weight was to carry out the modification of food habits and behavior in daily lift. It could not be recommended to repeat often complete luting for reduction of body weight. (Korean J Nutrition 33(1) : 42-48, 2000)

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.7-16
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• 2020

This study investigated the effects of the dietary supplementation with gaeddongssuk (Artemisia annua L.) powder on blood biochemical compositions, meat lipids and fatty acid profiles of the broiler chicks. One hundred male broiler chicks were divided randomly into five groups: group fed with basal diet (Control); group supplemented with 2.5% antibiotics in the drink water (Antibiotics), and groups supplemented gaeddongssuk powder with 5% (BG-I), 6% (BG-II), and 7% (BG-III) in the basal diets. Levels of total lipid and LDL-C in serum of broiler chicks were significantly lower in the groups supplemented with gaeddongssuk compared to the Antibiotics group. Contents of triglyceride and total cholesterol were significantly lower in the BG-III. HDL-C level was significantly higher in BG-I and BG-II compared to the Antibiotics group. Antioxidant activity of serum in the BG-II was significantly higher than Control and Antibiotics groups. Lipid peroxide contents in the BG-I and BG-II were significantly lower than to the Antibiotics group. Total lipids level of breast and legs meat was significantly lower in the groups supplemented gaeddongssuk compared to the Antibiotics group. Total cholesterol level of breast meat was significantly lower in the groups supplemented with gaeddongssuk compared to the Antibiotics group. UFA/SFA ratio of breast and legs meat from the BG-II was tend to higher compared to Control and Antibiotics groups. Taken together, these results suggest that dietary supplementation of gaeddongssuk with 6% could be applicable as the possibility to improve blood biochemical compositions and meat lipids properties in broiler chicks.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.1355-1363
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of vitamin E on liver microsomal cytochrome P450 contents and xanthine oxidase activity in acute cadmium poisoned rats. Sprague Dawley male rats weighing 100$\pm$10g were randomly assigned to one normal and three cadmium injected groups. Cadmium injected groups were fed vitamin E free diet(0E Cd group), 40mg vitamin E per kg diet(40E Cd group) or 400mg vitamin E per kg diet(400E Cd group). Vitamin E level of normal group was 40mg per kg diet. Animals were injected intraperitoneally with 2.0mg Cd2+/kg bw for 4 days after the rats were fed diets with three different levels of vitamin E for 2 and 4 weeks. Body weight, food intake and feed efficiency ratio of cadmium injected animals, were decreased compared with those of normal group. The weights of liver and kidney in cadmium injected groups were not different from those of normal group. Cadmium contents of liver in cadmium groups were 160 fold higher those that of normal group. Accumulation of cadmium poisoned rat liver was reduced by vitamin E supplementation. Contents of blood hemoglobin and hematocrit in 0E Cd groups were decreased to 2~ 14% of those of the other groups. Contents of serum triglyceride in all experimental groups were not significantly different each other. Levels of serum total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and antherogenic index in 0E Cd and 40E Cd groups were higher than those of normal group, while the contents of HDL cholesterol in 0E Cd and 40E Cd groups were lower than those of normal group. Xanthine oxidase(XOD) activity and cytochrome P450 contents in the liver were significantly increased in cadmium injected groups but these were reduced by vitamin E supplementations. The present results indicate that acute cadmium poisoning in rats causes increasing free radical generation systems in the liver and that leads to liver tissue damage. But these abnormalities can be reduced by dietary vitamin E supplementations.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of enzyme-treated radish (Raphanus sativus L.) leaves on lipid metabolism in rats fed a high fat diet. Rats were divided into four experimental groups which were composed of a high fat diet group (HF group), a high fat diet with 10% radish leaf powder-supplemented group (MA group), a high fat diet with 5% enzyme-treated radish leaf powder-supplemented group (MB group) and a high fat diet with 10% enzyme-treated radish leaf powder-supplemented group (MC group). Total dietary fiber content of enzyme-treated radish leaves were greater than untreated radish leaves. Body weight gain and food efficiency ratio (FER) of the HF group increased compared to the MA, MB and MC groups. The serum total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and atherogenic index contents in the radish leaf powder-supplemented groups were lower than that of the HF group, while those values for the MB and MC groups were significantly lower than that of the HF group. The serum HDL-cholesterol contents of the MB and MC groups increased compared to the HF group. The hepatic triglyceride contents of the MA, MB and MC groups decreased compared to the HF group. In fact, the hepatic triglyceride contents of the MB and MC groups were significantly lower than the MA group. The hepatic total cholesterol contents of the MB and MC groups significantly decreased compared to those of the HF group. The fecal total cholesterol contents of the MA, MB and MC groups significantly increased compared to those of the HF group. These results indicate that supplementation with enzyme-treated radish leaves increase the useful fiber contents. Furthermore, it may have a pronounced impact on lipid metabolism of serum and liver in rats fed a high fat diet.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.410-416
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• 2014

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The standard pattern of Brazilian food consumption is based on the combination of rice and beans served together in the main meals. This study assessed the effects of Brazilian-staple calorie-restricted (BS-diet) dietary advice, with brown rice and beans, on metabolic parameters, body composition, and food intake in overweight/obese subjects. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Twentyseven subjects were randomly assigned to a conventional-type calorie-restricted diet (CT-diet) (n = 13) or a BS-diet (n = 14). Glucose metabolism, lipid profile, anthropometric and body composition parameters, and food intake were measured before and after 16 weeks. Paired t-tests/Wilcoxon tests were used for comparison of differences from baseline and unpaired t-tests/Mann-Whitney tests were used for comparison of differences between the groups. RESULTS: After16 weeks, both groups showed reductions in weight and waist circumference (P < 0.02), and the BS-diet group showed a decrease in body fat (P = 0.0001), and significant improvement in glucose metabolism (fasting plasma glucose, glucose and insulin areas under the curve, Cederholm index, and HOMA2-$%{\beta}$) ($P{\leq}0.04$) and lipid profile (cholesterol, triacylglycerol, LDL-c, VLDL-c, and cholesterol/HDL-c ratio) ($P{\leq}0.05$). In addition, the BS-diet group showed significant improvement in HOMA2-$%{\beta}$, compared to the CT-diet group (P = 0.03). The BS-diet group also showed a significant reduction in energy, lipids, carbohydrate, and cholesterol intake ($P{\leq}0.04$) and an increase in fiber intake ($P{\leq}0.001$), while the CT-diet group showed a significant reduction in intake of energy, macronutrients, PUFA, and cholesterol ($P{\leq}0.002$). CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate the benefits of the BS-diet on metabolic parameters in obese subjects.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.999-1005
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• 1998

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of late-harvested green tea extract on serum and tissue lipid contents and Ca absorption. Sprague-Dawley male rats weighing 200g were fed high fit diets containing no tea(control), 0.5%(0.5LG), 1.0% late-harvested green tea extract(1.0LG), and 1.0% early-harvested green tea extract(1.0EG) for 4 weeks. Though daily food intake of experimental groups showed no significant difference from that of control group, daily body weight gain and food efficiency ratio were lower in all groups fed green tea extract. The contents of serum triglyceride of 1.0LG and 1.0EG groups and the content of serum total cholesterol of 1.0LG group were significantly lower than those of control group. The values of serum HDL-cholesterol in groups fed green tea extract were higher than that in the control group. LDL-cholesterol and atherogenic indices of all groups fed green tea extract were significantly lower than those of the control group. The contents of total lipid and triglyceride in liver were significantly lower in only 1.0LG group. For epididymal fit pad, the contents of total lipid and triglyceride in 1.0LG and 1.0EG groups were lower than those in the control group. The contents of total lipid excreted in feces were higher in groups fed diets of 1.0% green tea extract. There was no significant difference among experimental groups in Ca absorption. These results suggest that the administration of late-harvested green tea extract decreases the contents of fat in the body without reducing Ca absorption. (Korean J Nutrition 31(6) : 999-1005, 1998)

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.58-64
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• 2004

This study investigated the effects of carnitine and/or ${\gamma}$ -aminobutyric acid (GABA) supplementation on lipid profiles and some immune related nutrient in mice. Balb/c male mice were orally treated with either an AIN-76 diet (Con), a control diet plus carnitine (CS, 0.5 g/kg bw), a control diet plus GABA (GS, 0.5 g/kg bw) or a control diet plus carnitine plus GABA (CGS, 0.25 g/kg bw, respectively) for 6 weeks. There were no significant differences in feed consumption, energy intake, body weight gain or feed efficiency ratio among the groups during the experimental period. However, abdominal fat deposits were smaller in CS, GS and CGS groups compared with the Con group. Serum and liver triglycerides also were lower in CS, GS and CGS and serum total cholesterol was significantly lower in the CGS group compared with the Con group. Serum LDL cholesterol was lower in the CGS group and liver HDL cholesterol was significantly higher in the CS group compared with Con group. In serum, stearic acid and selecholeic acid were lower, but arachidic acid was higher in the CS group. Liver stearic acid was higher but oleic acid lower in CGS group compared with Con group. In carnitine supplemented groups, serum and liver nonesterified carnitine (NEC), acidsoluble acylcarnitine (ASAC), total carnitine (TCNE) concentrations were higher in only the CS group, not CGS group. Serum vitamin A and E concentrations were not different among the groups. These results may suggest that carnitine and/or GABA supplementation improves lipid profiles in mice, but did not affect the immune-related nutrients that we measured under the experimental conditions of this study.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.381-386
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• 1998

This study was designed to observe the effects of the feeding Gentiana scabra Bunge var.buergeri Max. extract on the improvement of the blood glucose, lipids in the serum of streptozotcin(55mg/kg of body weight, I.P. injection) induced hyperglycemic rats (S.D. strain, ) fed the experimental diets for 4 weeks. Concentrations of blood glucose were significantly higher in the streptozotocin administration(I.P.) groups (group 2(streptozotcin+water), 3(streptozocin+Gentiana scabra Bunge extract), 4(streptozotocin+cholesterol+water), 5(streptozotocin+cholesterol+Gentiana scabra Bunge extract) than those in the control group(group 1(water)). Bolld glucose concentrations were rather lower in the group 3(streptozotocin+Gentiana scabra Bunge extract)than in the group 2(streptozotocin+water), and then those of the group 5 were rather lower than in the group 4. There was almost little significance among the groups. concentrations of total cholesterol in serum were lower in the group 5 than those in the group 4, and the group 3 were rather lower than in the group 2. Concentrations of LDL-cholesterol in serum were significantly lower in the group 3 than those 2. In the ratio of HDL-cholesterol concentrations to total cholesterol concentrations, Gentiana scabra Bunge extract administration groups were higher percentage than the other goups. Concentrations of free cholesterol and cholesteryl ester in serum were rather lower in the groups 3,5 than the other groups, and then those of the group were higher percentage than the other groups. concentrations of free cholesterol and cholesteryl ester in serum were rather lower in the groups 3,5 than the groups, and then those of the group 3 were significantly lower than in the group 4. Concentrations of triglyceride and phospholipid in serum were decreased in the group 3 than in the other groups. The activities of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase in serum were increased in the all experimental groups than in the control group. From the above research, the Gentiana scabra Bunge var.buergeri Max. extracts were effective on the improvement of the lipid compositions in serum of streptozotcin induced hyperglycemic and hypercholosterolemic rats.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2007

The effects of mulberry-leaf powder Tofu(MPT) on anthropometric measurements, including bone mineral density(BMD) in the right carpus, biochemical bone turnover markers, serum levels of lipids and macrominerals, were investigated in 30 smoking male adults who lived in Choongnam were given MPT(100 g/day) for 4 weeks. The average ages, number of smoked cigarettes and packyear were 22.38 years, 15.12/day and 3.54 years, respectively. The nutrient contents per 100 g MPT were 86.10 kcal energy, 8.98 g protein, 0.53 mg fiber, 211.33 mg Ca and 1.59 g fat. Anthropometric measurements, including dietary intake using the 24-hours recall method, carpal BMD using DEXA, serum levels of protein, albumin and glucose, lipid profiles (cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol) with Al(atherosclerosis index), HTR, CRF, LHBt, some biomarkers of BMD(serum alkaline phosphatase activity, osteocalcin, urinary DPD), and serum macrominerals(Ca, Ca/P ratio, Mg) and Pb were analyzed before and after consumption of MPT. After MPT consumption, dietary intakes of plant protein, total Ca and plant Ca increased significantly, but there were no significant differences in anthropometric measurements, BMD with bone metabolism markers, serum levels of protein, albumin or glucose, lipid profiles with AI, HTR, LHR and CRF.