• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제39권6호
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• pp.462-468
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• 2006

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to gain an understanding of the effects of three exercise types on anthropometric and serum lipids and physiological index factors, which are known to be the three risk factors of cardiovascular disease in male workers. Methods : The experimental study period was 12 weeks. In this study, 30-40's males (N=31) were assigned to 3 experimental groups: regular aerobic(treadmill walking) exercise group, regular anaerobic(muscular endurance) exercise group, irregular aerobic & anaerobic exercise group and a control group using a stratified random assignment method. Results : In relation to anthropometric factors, the regular aerobic & anaerobic exercise groups showed significant decreases in Weight, Broca's index, WC, BMI, WHtR, WHpR and HRrest. With regard to the serum lipid factors, the TC was decreased, but the HDL-c increased among the regular aerobic & anaerobic exercise groups. However, no significant difference was found between the other groups in respect to the LDL-c and TG. Considering the physiological factors, the TC/HD-c, TC-HDL/HDL-c, LDL-C/HDL-c and NON-HDL-c ratios were decreased, but the HDL-c/TC ratio increased among the regular aerobic & anaerobic exercise groups. The TG/HDL-c and HDL-c/LDL-c ratios showed no significant differences between the groups. These results indicated that the positive change for each factor is much larger in the regular exercise groups, especially in the anaerobic exercise group. Conclusions : The results indicate that not only regular aerobic exercise, but also regular anaerobic(muscular endurance) exercise could be utilized in lessening the deleterious effects of the risk index factors for cardiovascular disease.

• BMB Reports
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.148-154
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• 2000

The glycation process plays an important role in accelerated atherosclerosis in diabetes, and the uptake of atherogenic lipoproteins by macrophage in the intima of the vessel wall leads to foam cell formation, an early sign of atherosclerosis. Besides the lipolytic action on the plasma triglyceride component, lipoprotein lipase (LPL) has been reported to enhance the cholesterol uptake by arterial wall cells. In this study, some properties of LPL-mediated low-density lipoprotein (LDL) uptake and the effect of LDL glycation were investigated in RAW 264.7 cell, a murine macrophage cell line. In the presence of LPL, $^{125}I$-LDL binding to RAW 264.7 cells was increased in a dose-dependent manner. At concentrations greater than $20\;{\mu}g/ml$ of LPL, LPL-mediated LDL binding was increased about 17-fold, achieving saturation. Without LPL, both very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) were ineffective in blocking the binding of $^{125}I$-LDL to Cells. However, LPL-enhanced LDL binding was inhibited about 50% by the presence of VLDL, while no significant effect was observed with HDL. Heat inactivation of LPL caused a 30% decrease of LDL binding. In the presence of LPL, the cells took up 40% of cell-bound native LDL. No significant difference was observed in cell binding between native and glycated LDL. However, the uptake of glycated LDL was significantly greater than that of native LDL, reaching to 70% of the total cell bound glycated LDL. These results indicate that LPL can cause the significant enhancement of LDL uptake by RAW 264.7 cells and the enhanced uptake of glycated LDL in the presence of LPL might play an important role in the accelerated atherogenesis in diabetic patients.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.338-347
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• 1997

Apo E polymorphism(e2, e3, e4) was among the first reported genetic polymorphism that explained part of the normal vairation in plasma cholesterol concentrations. Both alleles E2 and E4 are significantly more frequent in patients with mixed forms of hyperlipidemia and contribute on the observed differences in CHD risk among different populations. Effects of apo E polymorphism on the distribution of plasma lipid profiles were studied in 89 normolipidemic healthy females, aged 19 up to 22 years. The relative frequencies of E3/3 was 0.787, E3/2 was 0.101, E3/4 allele was 0.112 and no E2/2, E2/4 and E4/4 were found. Weight, height and %LBM were elevated in E2 than those in E3&E4. No differences in the blood pressure among apo E isomers were found, otherwise the pulsation was higher in E4 than that in the others. There were no differences in plasma total-, total DL-, HDL$_3$-, HDL$_2$ cholesterol, apo B-100 and apo A-I, However, phenotype means rank E3/2>E3/3>E3/4 in average TG levels(p<0.0001) significantly, and rank E3/4>E3/3>E3/2 in LDL cholesterol levels. These results were related to the correlation between atherogenic indiced (AI) such as LDL/HDL, (TC-HDL)/HDL, HDL$_3$/HDL$_2$. The ratio of HDL$_3$& HDL$_2$was significantly increased in E2 & E4 than that in E3(P=0.043). LCAT activity was not different between E2 and E3 but was highly increased in E4 (p<0.0001 among apo E isomers), but CETP was not different. Since the negative correlation between LCAT and CETP in apo E2(r=-0.491) was stronger than that in apo E3, E2 allele impacts the clearance of plasma apo E mediated lipoproteins. In conclusion firstly, E4 mediated alteration through LDL or E receptors results in lower TG or higher $\beta$-lipoprotein levels and E2 shows reciprocal effects of E4, respectively. Second, E4 allele was more atherogenic than E2 allele because the higher levels of AI such as HDL$_3$/HDL$_2$ were criticized.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.87-92
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• 1996

This study describes a stable and simple method for the measurement of cholesteryl ester transfer protein(CETP) activities using reconstituted HDL and LDL as substrates. Apolipoproteins (apo) A-I and -B were purified from hog plasma by a new strategy without ultracentrifugation and delipidation. a simple two-step column chromatography was administered. In the first step of phenyl-sepharose CL-4B column chro-matography, hydrophobic plasma proteins were isolated. The most hydrophobic proteins bound to the column appeared to be A-I and apo-B. Contaminat proteins were efficiently eliminated from the sample by washing the column with 0.3M NaCI containing buffer after loading the plasma on the column. Two pure proteins showing each single band on SDS-PSGE of apo A-I and apo-B were individually obtained by a subsequent gel filtration column chromatography(Sephadex G-200). This two-step purification was simple and inexpensive compared to the ultracentrifugation and/or delipidation method that are most commonly used. Reconstituted hight-density lipoproteins(HDL) and low-density lipoproteins(LDL) were prepared using the purified apo A-I and-B, respectively. When these artificially prepared HDL and LDL were used in the assays for CETP as the cholesteryl ester(CE) donor and acceptor respectively, the specific transfer of CE increased up to two fold compared to that used the native HSL and LDL.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제10권8호
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• pp.301-307
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• 2010

비만을 평가하기 위한 방법들은 다양하며 현재 임상에서 가장 많이 사용하고 있는 것은 BMI와 BIA를 이용한 %Fat방법이다. 이 연구에서는 비만과 밀접한 관련이 있는 고지혈증을 진단함에 있어 BMI와 %Fat의 예측능력에 차이가 있는지를 알아보고자 하였다. 총 224명의 성인여성을 대상으로 하여 신체계측을 시행하였고, BIA를 통해 %Fat을 측정하였다. 공복상태에서 채혈을 실시하여 TC, TG, HDL을 측정하였으며, LDL은 Friedwald의 공식을 이용하여 산출하였다. AI는 TC를 HDL로 나눈 값으로 정의하였다. 연구결과 혈중지질은 BMI와 %Fat이 증가함에 따라 HDL은 감소하고 TC, TG, LDL, AI는 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. BMI와 %Fat사이에는 r=.585의 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났으며 BMI가 %Fat에 비해 혈중지질과의 상관도가 더 높은 것으로 나타났다. 결론적으로 성인여성을 대상으로 BMI를 이용하여 혈중지질을 예측하고 분류하는 것에 큰 무리가 없을 것으로 판단되나, 가장 바람직한 방법은 BMI와 %Fat 기준을 혼용하여 혈중지질을 평가하는 것이라 생각되어진다.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.129-135
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• 2010

This study was performed to determine the risk factors associated with increased body mass index (BMI) in 672 heavy industry men workers. Subjects were examined in March, 2010 to September, 2010 in Gyeongnam province. Height, weight, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure were measured. And fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and triglyceride levels were measured by Olympus AU 680, and their BMIs calculated. Age, smoking statue, and alcohol drinking of the workers were surveyed by questionnairs. The mean total cholesterol levels were $190.06{\pm}36.62mg/dL$, HDL-cholesterol $53.65{\pm}11.92mg/dL$, LDL-cholesterol $104.28{\pm}30.31mg/dL$, triglyceride $151.11{\pm}99.53mg/dL$, and fasting blood glucose $96.92{\pm}19.53mg/dL$. Mean systolic blood pressure was $126.08{\pm}13.78mmHg$, and diastolic blood pressure $71.88{\pm}10.45mmHg$. Subjects were categorized into two BMI groups, BMI ${\geq}23$ and BMI ${\leq}22.9$. The subjects with BMI of 23 or above had significantly higher levels of LDL-cholesterol, systolic blood pressure, and triglyceride, with lower levels of HDL-cholesterol. BMI showed the highest level at the age of thirties, increasing with age. BMI of smokers was higher than BMI of non-smokers, not showing a link between alcoholics and non alcoholics. In conclusion, age, systolic blood pressure, and HDL-cholesterol are mostly relevant to the increase of BMI in this study.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.404-413
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• 2023

Objectives: This study compared serum lipid concentration according to drinking habits. Methods: We analyzed data from the 7th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES VII). The study included 8,525 adults (3,651 males and 4,874 females), aged 30 - 59 years. Results: There were differences in age, gender, education level, smoking status, physical activity, and waist circumference between drinkers and abstainers. The serum low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) level of the drinkers was lower than those of the abstainers (P < 0.05). The serum triglyceride (TG) and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) concentrations were highest in the group that consumed alcohol 'more than twice a week' relative to the other groups (P < 0.001). The LDL-C and atherogenic index (AI) levels were lowest in the 'more than twice a week' drinking group compared to the other groups (P < 0.001). The serum TG and HDL-C concentrations were the highest in the '7 glasses/time' group (P < 0.001). The serum LDL-C concentration was the lowest in the '7 glasses/time' group (P < 0.001). Notably, the higher the frequency of binge drinking (7 glasses or more), the higher the concentration of TG (P < 0.001). The serum HDL-C concentration was significantly higher in the 'no binge' and 'more than once a week' groups compared to the other groups (P < 0.001). The serum LDL-C concentration and AI score were the lowest in the 'more than once a week' group (P < 0.001). Conclusions: As the quantity and frequency of drinking increased, the serum TC concentration increased. Moreover, an increase in the serum HDL-C concentration led to a decrease in AI. The factors exacerbating cardiovascular disease increased simultaneously due to drinking. Our results suggest that for individuals with hypertriglyceridemia and patients with low HDL-cholesterolemia, separate guidelines based on the quantity and frequency of alcohol consumption are warranted.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제11권12호
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• pp.4843-4853
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• 2010

본 연구는 일부 종합검진 수검자들을 대상으로 BMI에 따른 혈압, 혈액 및 혈액생화학적 지표의 비정상치 분포를 종합적으로 검토하고자 2007년 1월부터 2009년 12월까지의 기간에 한국건강관리협회의 한 건강검진센터에서 종합건강검진을 받았던 20세 이상의 지역주민 3,731명(남자 2,312명, 여자 1,419명)을 분석대상으로 하였다. 연구 결과 전체 연구대상자의 BMI 분포는 저체중군 4.6%, 정상체중군 44.3%, 과체중군 25.0%, 비만군 26.1%이었으며, 남녀 모두 과체중군은 40대군에서, 비만군은 50대군에서 다른 군에 비해 유의하게 높은 분포를 보였다. SBP, DBP, TG, TC, HDL-C, LDL-C, ALT, AST의 비정상치 비율은 여자보다 남자에서 높았고 Hb, Hct, GGT, ALP는 남자보다 여자에서 높았다. 또한 남녀 모두 BMI가 증가할수록 SBP, DBP, TG, TC, HDL-C, LDL-C, ALT, AST, GGT, ALP의 비정상치 비율이 유의하게 증가하였으며, Hb, Hct는 BMI가 감소할수록 비정상치 비율이 유의하게 증가하였다. SBP, DBP, TG, TC, HDL-C, LDL-C, AST, ALT 및 GGT가 비정상치를 나타내는 위험비는 남녀 모두 BMI가 정상인 군에 비해 과체중군과 비만군일 경우 유의하게 상승하였다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.59-71
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• 1998

To examine the association of hypertension with cluster of obesity, abnormal glucose and dyslipidemia in Korean urban population, we conducted this cross-sectional study among 3027 men and 2127 women age 20-85 years who visited a prevention center between May 1991 and June 1995 for a multiphasic health check at St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul. By the self-administered questionnaire, the informations of educational attainments, monthly income, alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking, and physical excercise level were obtained. Height, weight, and blood pressure were measured by a trained nurse. The fasting blood sugar (FBS), total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and triglyceride were tested by enzyme method. Low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol was calculated by 'total cholesterol - HDL cholesterol - triglyceride/5'. For testing the differences of cardiovascular risk factors between hypertension and normotension group, 1-test and $\chi^2$-test were performed. For the age adjusted odds ratios of hypertension in persons with obesity, abnormal glucose, and dyslipidemia compared with normal, logistic regression was performed by using SAS pakageprograme. The results obtained were as follows: 1. Age, weight, body mass index(BMI), blood glucose, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triglyceride of hypertension group in men and women were significantly higher than normotension group, but height and HDL cholesterol of hypertension group only in women significantly lower than normotension group. The frequency of obesity $(BMI\geq25kg/m^2)$, abnormal glucose $(\geq\;120mg/dl)$, hypercholesterolemia $(\geq\;240mg/dl)$, lower HDL cholesterol (<45 mg/dl in women only), higher LDL cholesterol $(\geq\;160mg/dl)$, and hyper hypertriglyceridemia $(\geq\;250mg/dl)$ in hypertension group of men and women were significantly higher than normotension group. 2. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure were negatively correlated with hight, but positively with age, weight, BMI, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triglyceride in men and women. BMI was positively correlated with fasting blood sugar, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and triglyceride but negatively with HDL cholesterol. 3. The age adjusted odds ratios of hypertension were as follows in men and women : among persons who were obese compared with those nonobese, 2.53 (95% Confidence Intervals [C.I.] 2.08-3.07) and 2.22 (95%C.I. 1.71-2.87): among persons who were abnormal glucose compared with those normoglycemic, 1.43 (95%C.I 1.13-1.82) and 2.01 (95%C.I 1.36-2.94): and among persons who were dyslipidemia (hypercholesterolemia or lower HDL cholesterol or higher LDL cholesterol or hypertriglyceridemia) compared with those normal lipid, 1.59 (95%C.I 1.30-1.95) and 1.51 (95%C.I 1.16-1.96). After combined more than one risk factor, the odds ratios were increased. Among persons with cluster of obesity, abnormal glucose, and dyslipidemia, the odds ratio of hypertension was 2.25 (95%C.I 1.47-3.37) in men and 3.02 (95%C.I 1.71-5.30) in women. In conclusion, it was suggested that hypertension was associated with cluster of obesity, abnormal glucose, dyslipidemia in this Korean urban population.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제50권3호
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• pp.253-260
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• 2018

소아청소년기의 이상지질혈증 유병율이 증가함에 따라 이에 대한 조기발견과 관리에 대한 중요성이 커지고 있다. 본 연구는 소아청소년의 성별과 연령에 따른 공복 혈청 지질 농도의 분포를 살펴보고, 참고 범위 설정을 위한 백분위수 값을 검토하여 이상지질혈증 진단기준과 비교해 봄으로써 참고범위의 타당성을 검증하고자 하였다. 2013년부터 2016년까지 총 4년에 걸친 국민건강영양조사 자료에서 10세 이상 20세 미만 연령의 소아청소년 총 2,711명(남자 1,436명, 여자 1,275명)의 데이터를 대상으로 하였다. 총콜레스테롤, LDL 콜레스테롤, HDL 콜레스테롤, non-HDL 콜레스테롤, 중성지방의 평균 공복 혈중 농도는 모두 남아보다 여아에서 더 높았다. 총 콜레스테롤 농도의 95백분위수에 해당하는 값은 남아의 경우 200 mg/dL로 95백분위수와 일치하는 수준이었고, 여아의 경우 208 mg/dL로 나타나 90~95백분위수 사이에 해당하였다. LDL 콜레스테롤, non-HDL 콜레스테롤, 중성지방의 95백분위수는 남아의 경우 각각 123, 148, 147 mg/dL였으며, 여아의 경우 각각 131, 149, 139 mg/dL였다. 대부분의 지표는 90~95백분위수 범위 내의 적절한 수준으로 나타났다. 반면에 LDL 콜레스테롤 130 mg/dL 기준은 남아에서, 중성지방의 기준은 여아에서 다소 높은 수준이라 판단되었다. 향후 연구대상자 및 자료를 보완하여 우리 실정에 좀 더 적합한 기준 정립이 필요하다.