• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.58-65
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• 2004

The purpose of this research was to examine the relationship between the plasma LDL particle size and blood lipid profile, dietary factors and anthropometric values (body mass index, waist circumference and waist/hip ratio). The subjects were 173 adults aged 23 to 81 years, selected from the Outpatient Clinic and Cardiovascular Department of the Seoul Municipal Hospital. Dietary data were obtained using a 3-day food record and analyzed using Korean and US nutrient databases. The subjects were divided into three groups by LDL particle size : type A (large buoyant LDL, > 25.5 nm, n=96), type I (Intermediate LDL,$25.2\leq-\leq25.5$ nm, n=18), and type B (small dense LDL, < 25.2 nm, n=59) groups. The type B group had higher age, waist circumference, and waist/hip ratio (WHR) than the type A and type I groups. Serum concentration of triglyceride, Apo B, LDL/HDL cholesterol ratio and atherogenic index were significantly higher in the type B group as compared to those in the other two groups. HDL cholesterol level and Apo A-I/Apo B ratio were significantly lower in the type B group than the other two groups. The plasma LDL particle size was highly correlated with triglyceride (r= -0.450), Apo B (r= -0.402) and HDL cholesterol (r= 0.418). However, there was no correlation between plasma LDL particle size and dietary intakes. This study showed that small dense LDL was an important biochemical risk factor that was associated with other risk factors.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.103-111
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• 2012

Low-Density Lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC) is the most important marker for the treatment of hyperlipidemia in NCEP-ATP III(National Cholesterol Education Program-Adult Treatment Panel III) guideline. Therefore, LDL cholesterol is pathologically meaningful, accurate measurement should be a top priority. Currently, LDLC is directly measured in most cases, but, the estimate is still used in mass health examination or screening test. This study is about the comparison of LDL-Cholesterol direct measurement with the estimate using various formula (Friedewald: [LDL-F=TC-HDL-TG/5], Nakajima: [LDL-N=TC-HDL-TG/4], Hattori: [LDL-H =0.94TC-0.94HDL-0.19TG], Puavilai: [LDL-P=TC-HDL-TG/6], Carvalho: [LDL-C=3(TC-HDL)/4]) for calculating more accurate value. We analyzed total cholesterol (TC), try-glyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC), and LDLC levels of 210 subjects between June and November in 2011. Until now, the Friedewald formula is the most commonly used estimate for the LDLC. When Friedewald formula was applied, the correlation coefficient (r) was 0.940, showing high correlation. But, the result of the direct method was significantly different, compared with those of the Friedewald formula in triglyceride levels ${\geq}400mg/dL$(p<0.05). There was the highest correlation when we used LDL-P formula(r=0.947) in triglyceride levels <400 mg/dl. Also there was the lowest mean difference regardless of triglyceride level. Therefore, the study showed that TG/6 is more precise means of calculation than TG/5. On the other hand, the calculation of LDL-Cholesterol was underestimated, compared with direct measurement. It is necessary to have more data and modified Friedewald formula should be used for the accurate calculation.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제4권6호
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• pp.492-498
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• 2010

Both metabolic syndrome (MetS) and elevated LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) increase the risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). We hypothesized that low HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) would further increase CVD risk in women having both conditions. To assess this, we recruited 89 women with MetS (25-72 y) and LDL-C ${\geq}$ 2.6 mmol/L. To determine whether plasma HDL-C concentrations were associated with dietary components, circulating atherogenic particles, and other risk factors for CVD, we divided the subjects into two groups: high HDL-C (H-HDL) (${\geq}$ 1.3 mmol/L, n=32) and low HDL-C (L-HDL) (< 1.3 mmol/L, n=57). Plasma lipids, insulin, adiponectin, apolipoproteins, oxidized LDL, Lipoprotein(a), and lipoprotein size and subfractions were measured, and 3-d dietary records were used to assess macronutrient intake. Women with L-HDL had higher sugar intake and glycemic load (P< 0.05), higher plasma insulin (P< 0.01), lower adiponectin (P< 0.05), and higher numbers of atherogenic lipoproteins such as large VLDL (P < 0.01) and small LDL (P<0.001) than the H-HDL group. Women with L-HDL also had larger VLDL and both smaller LDL and HDL particle diameters (P<0.001). HDL-C was positively correlated with LDL size (r=0.691, P<0.0001) and HDL size (r=0.606, P<0.001), and inversely correlated with VLDL size (r=-0.327, P<0.01). We concluded that L-HDL could be used as a marker for increased numbers of circulating atherogenic lipoproteins as well as increased insulin resistance in women who are already at risk for CVD.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.303-313
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• 2023

This study aimed to investigate the relevance of cardiovascular disease risk factors AI and AIP, divided into three groups, among 300 individuals who underwent health checkups at the hospital. Various variables such as Age, Sex, BMI, WC, TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C, FBS, HbA1C, SBP, DBP, HR, AI (TC/HDL-C), and AIP (log(TG/HDL-C)) were analyzed using statistical methods including frequency analysis, cross-tabulation, one-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation analysis, and multiple linear regression analysis. The cross-analysis based on cardiovascular disease risk criteria revealed that men and individuals in their 50s had higher cardiovascular disease risk based on AI and AIP. Significant differences were observed in TG, TC, HDL-C, LDL-C, SBP, DBP, AI (TC/HDL-C), and AIP (log(TG/HDL-C)) according to AI criteria. For the AIP criteria, TG, TC, HDL-C, FBS, HbA1C, HR, AI (TC/HDL-C), and AIP (log(TG/HDL-C)) were identified as cardiovascular disease risk factors. FBS and HbA1c showed the highest positive correlation In the correlation analysis, followed by TC and LDL-C. The lowest positive correlation was observed between LDL-C and DBP. In terms of negative correlation, HDL-C and AI had the highest negative correlation, while LDL-C and TG showed the lowest negative correlation. Multiple regression analysis indicated that the AI and AIP risk criteria had explanatory powers of 73.6% and 72.5%, respectively. HDL-C had the greatest negative effect on the AI risk criterion, while TG had the most significant influence on the AIP risk criterion. In conclusion, while other serological variables are important, managing HDL-C and TG levels may help reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제26권7호
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• pp.819-828
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• 1993

Lecithin Cholesterol Acyltransferase(LCAT)와 cholesteryl ester transfer protein(CETP)은 간과 간외조직간의 혈청 cholcsterol 항상성을 유지하는데 중요한 기전인 reverse cholestrol transport system(RCT)에 매우 중요한 인자들이다. 본 연구의 목적은 RCT 기전의 식이 지질 효과를 추정하여 항 고지혈증 치료식이 연구의 중요한 자료를 제공하는데 있다. 4주의 인체대사 실험에서, 새당사 12명의 여성들은 실험 1주 전에 고 포화지질로써 적응시기를 거친 후, 각각 6명씩 high PUFA(corn oil)군과 high SFA(butter)군에 무작위로 배정되었다. Butter군은 total-34(%), esterified-(96%), $HDL_3$-(23%), LDL-(20%) 및 VLDL+LDL-(35%) cholestetol을 감소시켰다. Corn oil군은 esterified(2.5%) 및 LDL-(15%) cholesterol과 triglycerde(27%)를 감소시켰다. Corn oil과 butter fat군간의 식이 효과 차이는 total-(p=0.0001), esterified-(p=0.0001), total HDL-(p=0.005), $HDL_2$-(p=0.01) 및 LDL-(p=0.0001) cholesterol에서 유의적이다. LCAT activity는 두 군에서 변화가 없으나, 4주 후 CETP activity는 butter군에서 2.5배 증가하였다. 이는 VLDL+LDL cholesterol 농도가 butter군에서 증가한 결과와 일치한다. LCAT activity는 corn oil군에서 증가된 HDL의 apo A-I 농도와 free cholesterol과 정의 상관관계가 높은 반면, CETP activity는 total cholesterol과 LDL 및 VLDL+LDL cholesterol과 정의 상관관계가 높았다.

• 한국정보처리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보처리학회 2022년도 춘계학술발표대회
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• pp.553-556
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• 2022

이상지질혈증의 발병에 대한 조기 진단 및 관리하는 것은 중요한 문제이다. 이상지질혈증의 진단은 혈액계측 정보 중에서 네 가지 LDL, HDL, TG, 그리고 TC를 이용하여 진단하며, 이상지질혈증 관리를 위해서는 LDL을 추정하는 것이 중요하다. 본 논문에서는 나이, 성별, 그리고 BMI와 같은 신체계측 정보를 학습하여 LDL-콜레스테롤을 예측하기 위한 준지도학습(Semi-supervised learning) 기반 기계학습 방법을 제안한다. 제안 방법은 얕은 학습(Shallow Learning)기반의 MLP(Multi-Layer Perceptron)을 이용하고, 이상지질혈증 진단인자간의 상관관계를 고려하여 신체계측 정보로 예측된 HDL, TG, 그리고 TC을 이용하여 일반적인 기계학습을 이용한 예측방법의 정확도를 개선한다. 즉, 제안방법은 신체계측 정보를 이용하여 혈액계측 정보의 LDL, HDL, TG, 그리고 TC을 각각 예측하고, 신체계측에 혈액계측의 예측 정보를 추가하여 학습한 준지도학습 기반 얕은 네트워크를 설계한다. 실험결과, HDL, TG, 그리고 TC의 혈액예측 정보를 이용한 준지도학습 기반 LDL 예측 정확도는 71.4%로 신체계측 정보만을 이용한 예측 방법의 67.0% 보다 약 4.4% 개선할 수 있음을 확인한다.

• 식품보건융합연구
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2018

To determine the effect of Vitex doniana (leaves stem and root bark) ethanolic extracts on lipid profiles of Poloxamer 407 (P407) induced hyperlipidemic and normal rats. Fifty four mixed sex rats weighing 100-200g were divided into nine groups comprising six animals per group. At the end of the 21 day, the animals were sacrificed and blood sample were collected for determination of serum levels of: Total cholesterol (TC), Triacylglycerides (TAG), High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) and Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c). The studies showed that all induced treated groups significantly (P<0.05) lower serum levels of TC, TAG, LDL-c and significantly (P<0.05) increased HDL-c when compared to the P407 induced hyperlipidemic control. The normal treated groups showed no significant (P>0.05) difference in the serum levels of TC, TAG, LDL and HDL when compared to the normal control group. Calculation of atherogenic risk predictor indices of the induced treated groups showed that all the extracts significantly (P<0.05) lowered the LDL-c/HDL-c, log (TAG/HDL-c) and significantly (P<0.05) increased HDL-c/TC ratio when compared to the P407 induced hyperlipidemic control group. The atherogenic risk predictor indices of normal treated groups showed no significant difference (P>0.05) in LDL-c/HDL-c, Log (TAG/HDL-c) and HDL-c/TC ratio when compared to the normal control group. The study demonstrates the phytotherapeutic effect of Vitex doniana (leaves, stem and root bark) ethanolic extract in poloxamer 407 induced hyperlipidemia.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.234-238
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to determine whether vitamin {TEX}$B_{6}${/TEX} deficiency and age affect the blood cho-lesterol profile in exercising rats. Fifty four rats were fed either a viramin {TEX}$B_{6}${/TEX} deficient dief(-{TEX}$B_{6}${/TEX}) of a control diet(+{TEX}$B_{6}${/TEX}) for 6 weeks, then subdivided into 3 groups:non-exercise group(NE), exercise and sacrifice group(ES), exercise and recuperation group(ER). ES group was exercised in treadmill({TEX}$10^{o}${/TEX}, 0.5~0.8km/h) for 2 hours and sacrifice. ER group was recuperated three days with respective diet after exercise. At week 3 and 6, and level of plasma total cholesterol(TC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL_C) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL_C) were compared. In NE group, there was no difference in the levels of TC, HDL_C and LDL_C between +{TEX}$B_{6}${/TEX} rats and -{TEX}$B_{6}${/TEX} rats. The plasma levels of TC and LDL_C of 6 weeks were higher than those of 3 weeks and on difference in HDL_V between 3 weeks rats and 6 weeks rats. In ES group, there was also no difference in the levels of TC, HDL_C and LDL_C between +{TEX}$B_{6}${/TEX} rats and -{TEX}$B_{6}${/TEX} rats and there was no difference in TC, LDL-cholesterol between 3 weeks rats and 6 weeks rats. The level of HDL_C pf 6 weeks was lower than that of 3 weeks rats. In ER group, there was no difference in the levels of TC and LDL_C not only between +{TEX}$B_{6}${/TEX} rats and-{TEX}$B_{6}${/TEX} rats but also between 3 weeks rats and 6 weeks rats. The level of HDL_C was lower in -{TEX}$B_{6}${/TEX} rats than in +{TEX}$B_{6}${/TEX} rats and higher in 6 weeks rats than in 3 weeks rats. These results suggest that vitamin {TEX}$B_{6}${/TEX} deficiency may affect the HDL_C during exercise and after recuperation. The desirable effect of exercise on plasma Cholesterol profile is strengthened in adult age than young age.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.642-650
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• 1996

ApoE 유전자의 다형성은 인체 혈중 콜레스테롤 농도의 정상분포를 설명하는 중요한 인자이다. 특히, E2 와 E4 allele들은 고지혈증환자의 혈중에 현저히 나타나며, 각 다른 인종간의 이틀의 상대빈도수가 관상 동맥 질환 유발 위험도와의 상관관계가 아주 높다. Apo E 유전자의 다형성이 혈중 지질 대사변화 에 미치는 영향에 관한 실험은 105명의 건강한 한국여성을 대상으로 시행되었다. Apo E alleles의 한국 인 상대빈도수는 E3가 0.848, E4가 0.087, 그리고 E2는 0.067이었다. 본 연구에서는 E2/2 표현형이 나 타나지 않았지만, 중국 및 일본인과 같이 E4와 E2 allele가 아주 낮았다 최고및 최저혈압, 맥박(p

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제14권9호
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• pp.4342-4348
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• 2013

본 연구는 혈청지질과 비만 및 혈압과의 관련성을 검토하기 위하여 2011년 1월부터 12월까지 1년 동안에 대전광역시의 한 대학병원에서 종합건강검진을 받았던 30세에서 69세의 여성 1,381명을 대상으로 TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C, SBP, DBP, 비만도, 체지방률을 측정하여 혈청지질과 비만 및 혈압과의 관련성을 분석하였다. 연구결과, TC, TG, LDL-C, 비만도, 체지방률은 30대에서부터 60대에 걸쳐 단계적으로 상승하는 경향을 보였다. TC, TG 및 LDL-C는 혈압이 높아짐에 따라 상승하였으며, 정상혈압군에 비해 고혈압군에서 유의하게 높은 값을 보였다. TC, TG, SBP 는 비만도가 높아짐에 따라 단계적으로 상승하였고, 정상군에 비해 비만군에서 유의하게 높았으며, HDL-C는 비만도가 높아짐에 따라 감소하는 경향을 보였고, 정상군에 비해 비만군에서 유의하게 낮았다. TC, TG, LDL-C, 체지방률 및 비만도는 상호간에 유의한 정상관을 보인 반면, HDL-C와는 음의 상관을 보였다. 주성분분석 결과 제1주성분은 고혈압 인자, 제2주성분은 비만관련 인자, 제3주성분은 연령과 고지혈증 인자, 제4주성분은 고단백지콜레스테롤 인자가 선정되었다. HDL-C와 관련된 요인을 다중회귀분석을 사용하여 검토한 결과 HDL-C에 영향을 미치는 변수로는 연령, TC, TG 및 체지방률이 선정되었다. 위와 같은 결과는 비만도가 높고 혈압이 높은 군일수록 혈청지질치가 높아짐을 시사하고 있다.