• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.44-54
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• 2003

Objectives : This study was done to investigate the protective effects of Gagaminjakdowha-Tang on liver injury of rats induced by $CCl_4$ and d-galactosamine. Methods : All animals were divided into 5 groups, those were normal group(untreated), control group(treated with 0.9% Saline solution), sample I group(200mg/kg administrated), sample II group(400mg/kg administrated), Silymarin(200mg/kg administrated) group. Liver injury of rats were induced by $CCl_4$ and d-galactosamine, and then the serumtransaminase(ALT & AST) alkaline phosphatase(ALP), lactic dehydrogenase(LDH) for enzyme activities, Liver cytosol malondialdehyde(MDA), catalase, superoxide dismutase(SOD), glutathione S-transferase(GST) and glutathione-peroxidase(GPX) for enzyme activities were measured. Results : The inhibitory effects on the serum ALT activities were noted in both sample I and sample II group. The inhibitory effects on the serum AST activities were noted in only sample II group. The inhibitory effects on the serum ALP activities were noted in both sample I and sample II group. The inhibitory effects on the serum LDH activities were noted in only sample II group. The inhibitory effects on the liver cytosol malondialdehyde were noted in only sample II group. The decresed effects on the liver cytosol catalase activities were inhibited in only sample II group. The decresed effects on the liver cytosol superoxide dismutase activities were inhibited in only sample II group. The decresed effects on the liver cytosol GST activities were inhibited in only sample II group. The decresed effects on the liver cytosol GPX activities were inhibited in only sample II group. The inhibitory effects of the serum ALT activities were noted in both sample I and sample II. The inhibitory effects of the serum AST activities were noted in only sample II group. The inhibitory effects of the serum ALP activities were noted in only sample II group. The inhibitory effects of the serum LDH activities were noted in both sample I and sample II group. Conclusions : Gagaminjakdowha-Tang has protective effects against liver injury in rats induced by $CCl_4$ and d-galactosamine.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.47-52
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• 2000

To evaluate the renal toxicity of the antitumor agent, 1-(N-methyl) piperazinyl-3-phenyl-isoquinoline(CWJ-$\alpha$-5), rats were terated with CWJ-$\alpha$-5 (acute : 100mg/kg, i.p., single and subacute : 10mg/kr, i.p., daily for 7 days). The changes in the body weights, water consumption, kidney weights and urine volume after and during the treatment were observed. The concentrations of urinary creatinine, the activities of N-acetyl-$\beta$-D-glucosaminidase (NAG), alanine aminopeptidase (AAP), $\gamma$-glutamyl transpeptidase ($\gamma$-GT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in 24 hr urine were also determined. The body weight and water consumption were decreased after the acute and subacute administration. However, the excretion of urine was not changed except the 1 day after the acute treatment. The excretion of creatinine was significantly decreased from 1 day after acute administration and continuously decreased. Also the excretion of creatinine was decreased during subacute administration. However, the protein excretion did not changed in both treatment. Those indicate that CWJ-$\alpha$-5 might decrease the metabolic rate of muscle. The urinary activities of NAG, AAP, $\gamma$-GT, and LDH were significantly affected by the drug treatment. The urinary activities of NAG, AAP and $\gamma$-GT were significantly increased 1 and 3 days after the acute administration and then returned to the control value. However, the urinary activities of LDH were increased 7 days after acute treatment. During subacute treatment, the urinary activities of $\gamma$-GT were not changed. However, the urinary activities of NAG, AAP and LDH were only significantly increased after the third administration. These results indicate that either the high acute dose or the subacute administration with low dose of the compound might induce a temporal damage in the kidney cells.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.625-634
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• 2004

본 연구는 미생물 유래 lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)를 이용하여 반추위내에 lactate 축적을 예바하기 위한 기능성 검증을 목적으로 수행되었다. 미생물의 효소활성에 영향을 주는 많은 반추위내 요인들 중 대표적인 것들 즉, 온도, pH, 휘발성지방산(VFAs) 그리고 금속이온들이 Lactobacillus sp. FFy111-1의 LDH 효소활성에 미치는 영향과, 반추위액내 축적된 lactate에 대한 LDH 작용을 평가하였다. Lactobacillus sp. FFy111-1의 LDH는 각각 pH 7.5와 40$^{\circ}C$에서 가장 좋은 효소 활력을 보였다. 온도 안정성은 30$^{\circ}C$에서 가장 좋게 나타났으며 30${\sim}$50$^{\circ}C$의 온도 범위에서는 80% 이상의 활성을 유지하였다. 그리고 pH 안정성은 pH 7.0과 8.0에서 모두 가장 좋은 결과를 나타냈으며 pH 6.1과 6.5에서 64% 이상의 효소활성을 유지하였다. VFAs와 금속이온이 LDH에 미치는 영향을 측정하였을 때, VFAs 처리는 LDH 효소활성을 억제하였으나, NaCl과 $CuSO_4$를 제외한 금속 이온 처리에서는 LDH 효소활성이 증가되었다. 특히 2mM $BaCl_2$와 $MgSO_4$로 처리 하였을 때 가각 비처리 효소활성의 127과 124% 수준까지 효소활성이 증진되었다. 반추위액내 축적된 lactate에 대한 LDH 작용을 보기 위하여 Lactobacillus sp. FFy111-1의 효소를 산중독 반추위액에 처리하였을 때 lactate의 농도가 무처리 반추위액내 lactate 농도의 78% 수준으로 감소하였다(P<0.05). 이와 같은 lactate 감소는 LDH의 작용에 의해 나타난 현상으로 정제된 D,L-LDH를 첨가한 실험결과(34% lactate)에서 입증되었다(P<0.05). 이상의 연구 결과들을 고려하여 볼 때 미생물이 생성한 LDH는 반추위내 축적된 lactate를 감소시킬 수 있는 충분한 가능성을 갖고 있다고 사료된다. 또한 더 좋은 미생물의 발굴과 반추위 환경에서 LDH 활성을 높이기 위한 기술개발이 LDH 효소의 실제적 응용을 위하여 필수적이다.

• 대한추나의학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.1-14
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• 2002

Objectives : To investigate the effects of Saengmaeksan-with-Ogapy on the recovery of fatigue induced by post-swimming exercise. Methods : The lactic acid, creatine phosphokinase(CPK), lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) and glucose were measured in blood. Results: The result were as follows; 1. The lactic acid levels in Saengmaeksan and Saengmaeksan-with-Ogapy group were immediately decreased at 30 minutes after exercise and statistically showed the significance different from the control group (P<0.005). 2. The CPK activities in Saengmaeksan and Saengmaeksan-with-Ogapy group were immediately decreased after exercise and statistically showed the significant difference compared with the control group (P<0.05). 3. The LDH activities in Saengmaeksan and Saengmaeksan-with-Ogapy group did not show the significant difference compared with the control group. 4. The glucose levels in Saengmaeksan and Saengmaeksan-with-Ogapy group did not statistically show the significant difference compared with the control group. Conclusions So it could be concluded that saengmaeksan and Saengmaeksan-with-Ogapy can recover the fatigue of after exercise.

• 생약학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.254-264
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• 1987

This study was attempted to investigate the effect of Ganoderma lucidum (Young-Jii) extract on the activities of GPT GOT Al. P LDH and the level of total bilirubin and total cholesterol in serum of $CCl_4$-intoxicated rats, and on the level of total lipids triglyceride phospholipids and total cholesterol in the serum of experimentally induced hyperlipemic rats, and on the effect of body and liver weight in rats. The results were shown as follows; In $CCl_4$-intoxicated rats, the extract showed a significant decrease in the activities of GPT and Al.P, a slight decrease in the activity of GOT and LDH; The level of total bilirubin was slightly affected, but significantly decreased at a dose as high as 500 mg/kg; the level of total cholesterol was increased dose dependently. In hyperlipemic rats, the extract caused a significant decrease in the level of total lipids and triglyceride and the rate of decrease was more pronounced with repeated treatments for 10 days; the level of phospholipids and total cholesterol were slightly decreased with repeated treatment of the extract at a dose of 300 mg/kg for 10 days; A significant body weight gain was shown with the treatment of the extract.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.267-274
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• 2000

Objectives : In order to investigate the curative effect of Daesihotang-sosunggitang-gagambang on the liver injury of rats induced by $CCl_4$ and d-galactosamine. Methods : All animals were divided into 5 groups, those were normal group(untreated), control group(administrated with 0.9% Saline solution), sample I group(65mg/kg administrated), sample II group(130mg/kg administrated), positive control group(administrated with 200mg/kg silymarine). After the liver injury of rats induced by ccl4 and d-galactosamine, and cheked the serum transaminase(GOT, GPT) alkaline phosphatase(ALP), lactic dehydrogenase(LDH) for enzyme activities and triglyceride, total cholesterol amounts for serum component were measured. Result : The inhibitory effects on the serum GOT, GPT, LDH, ALP activities, serum total cholesterol content level in liver injury of rats induced by ccl4 were noted in both sample I group and sample II group. The inhibitory effects on the serum GPT, LDH activities and serum total cholesterol content level in liver injury of rats induced by d-galactosamine were noted in both sample I group and sample II group. The inhivitory effects on the serum GOT activities and triglyceride content level in liver injury of rats induced d-galactosamine were noted in sample I group, but it is not recognizable statistically. In sample II, they were noted. Conclusions : Deesihotang-sosoonggitang-gagambang has treatment effect against liver injury in rats induced by ccl4 and d-galactosamine. So it is required to study about the actions of mutual relation of medicines and path-mechanism by experiment.

• 고려인삼학회:학술대회논문집
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• 고려인삼학회 1990년도 Proceedings of International Symposium on Korean Ginseng, 1990, Seoul, Korea
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• pp.58-64
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• 1990

The effects of ginseng saponins, G-Rbl and G-Rc on the rat liver LDH A-gene transcnptional activity was investigated during pro-replicative phase of rat liver after partial hepatectomy. Changes in LDH A-mRNA levels in regenerating rat liver after intraperitoneal administrations of G-Rbl of G-Rc were tested by slot blot hybridization methods. The results showed that G-Rbl (1 mg/100g B.W) and G-Rc (1 ma/100g B.W) caused marked increases of LDH A-mRNA contents by respectively 1.9- and 1.5-fold in rat liver at 5·hours after partial hepatectomy. Dose dependent effect of G-Rbl and G-Rc (1-25 mg/100g B.W) on the LDH A-mRNA levels on regenerating rat liver were also analyzed. The maximal in- creases of liver LDH A-mRNA levels were observed with the doses of 1 mg for G-Rbl and 5 mg for G-Rc However, when the administration doses of G-Kbl and G-Rc were increased to 20 mg, G-Rbl caused a marked decrease of LDH A-mRNA level to 61% of those in sham-operated rat liver In contrast, G-Rc slightly decreased the liver LDH A-mRNA contents by 30% as compared to those of the maximum value but still maintained 22% higher LDH A-mRNA levels then those of sham-operated rate liver. On the basis of these experimental results, we conclude that ginseng saponin, G-Rb 1 and G·Rc have stimulatory effect at the lower concentration (1 mg/100g B.W) and inhibitory effect at the higher concentration (20 moi loos 5.W) on the LDH A-gene transcription during regeneration of rat liver, Additionally we also investigated the stimulatory effects of ginsenosides on the protein and DNA synthetic activities in hepatocyte primary cell cultures isolated from regenerating rat liver. Both of G·Rc and -Re increased the synthetic rates of hepatocytes proteins and DNA at the administration doses of 50 ug and 100 ug/3 ml/dish respectively representing 1.3-1.6 fold increases. From these results we postulate that G-Rc and -Re may have a mitogen enhancer activity for the hepatocyte proliferation during rat liver regeneration period. Keywords Inductive effects of ginsenosides, G-Rb, -Rc, and -Re, rat LDH A-gene transcription, the sin thetic rate of proteins and DNA in regeneration rat liver.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.200-206
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• 1990

The effects of ginseng saponins, SRbl and G-Rc on the rat liver LDH A-gene transcriptional activity was investigated during prereplicative phase of rat liver after partial hepatectomy. Changes in LDH A-mRNA levels in regenerating rat liver after intraperitoneal administrations of G-Rbl or 'G-Rc were tested by slot blot hybridization methods. The results showed that G-Rbl (1 mg/100g B.W) and G-Rc (1 mg/100g B.W) caused marked increases of LDH A-mRNA contents by respectively 1.9- and 1.5-fold in rat liver at 5-hours after partial hepatectomy Dose dependent elect of G-Rbl and G-Rc (1-25 mg/ 100g B.W) on the LDH A-mRNA levels on regenerating rat liver were also analyzed. The maximal increases of liver LDH A-mRNA levels were observed with the doses of 1 mg for G-Rbl and 5 mg for G-Rc. However, when the administration doses of G-Rbl and G-Rc were increased to 20 mg, G-Rbl caused a marked decrease of LDH A-mRNA level to 61% of those in sham-operated rat liver. In contrast, G-Rc slightly decreased the liver LDH A-mRNA contents by 30% as compared to those of the maximum value but still maintained 22% higher LDH A-mRNA levels then those of sham-operated rate liver. On the basis of these experimental results, we conclude that ginseng saponin, G-Rbl and G-Rc have stimulatory effect at the lower concentration (1 mg/ 100g B.W) and inhibitory effect at the higher concentration (20 mg/ 100g B.W) on the LDH A-gene transcription during regeneration of rat liver. Additionally we also investigated the stimulatory effects of ginsenosides on the protein and DNA sinthetic activities in hepatocyte primary cell cultures isolated from regenerating rat liver. Both of G-Rc and -Re increased the synthetic rates of hepatocytes proteins and DNA at the administration doses of 50 us and 100 $\mu\textrm{g}$/3 ml/dish respectively representing 1.3-1.6 fold increases. From these results we postulate that G-Rc and -Re may have a mitogen ehincer activity for the hepatocyte proliferation during rat liver regeneration period.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.71-79
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• 2005

용존산소(DO)의 급격한 증가에 순응된 꺽지(Coreoperca herzi)와 모래무지(Pseudogobio esocinus) 조직내 젖산탈수소효소(EC 1.1.1.27, lactate dehydrogenase, LDH)의 대사와 $C_4$ 동위효소를 확인하였다. DO 18 ppm에 갑작스럽게 순응시 꺽지 LDH활성은 뇌와 간조직에서 각각 $35-39\%$ 변화되었고, 다른 조직에서는 $20\%$이내로 변화가 적었다. 골격근조직은 LDH $A_4$ 동위효소가 증가되고 하부단위체 C를 포함하는 동위효소는 감소되었다. 심장조직은 $B_4$ 동위효소가 조금 증가되었다. 신장조직도 $B_4$가 증가하고 눈 조직은 eye-specific $C_4$와 C hybrid가 감소되어 조절되었다. DO 증가에 갑작스럽게 순응한 모래무지 간조직에서 LDH 활성은 30분에서 급격하게 $150\%$이상 크게 증가되었고, 다른 조직에서는 $70\%$ 이상 변화되었다. 그리고 골격근조직은 $A_4$ 동위효소가 증가하고 다른 조직들에서는 $B_4$가 증가되었으며 특히 간 조직의 대사는 liver-specific $C_4$가 증가하고 $A_4$ 는 감소되어 조절되었다. 그러나 꺽지 눈 조직의 대사는 LDH 활성이 감소하고 eye-specific $C_4$ 동위효소가 감소되어 조절되었다. 따라서 DO증가에 순응시 모래무지는 꺽지에 비해 LDH 활성이 크게 증가되었고 동위효소의 변화정도도 크게 나타났으며, eye-spe-cific $C_4$와 liver-specific $C_4$ 동위효소는 lactate oxidase로서 대사를 조절하였다. 그러므로 환경변화에 순응하여 나타나는 대사는 종이 이전에 어떤 서식조건에 적응되었는가에 따라 다른 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국동물학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.107-120
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• 1986

한냉환경에 Sprague-Dawley계 웅성흰쥐를 순화시켜 SLDH, SLDH 동위효소, SALP, SALP 동위효소 및 SCPK 등의 활성치의 보상 변화에 따른 변화를 관찰 검토하였다. 한냉순화는 $4\\pm1^\\circC$(상대습도 70$\\sim$80%)에서 안정상태로 36일간 순화처리 하였으며 SLDH의 활성치는 한냉순화 초기에 유의성 있게 증가하였으나 곧 감소되어 정상치로 접근하며 36일구 까지 항정상태를 지속하였으며, 대조군의 SLDH 동위효소는 주로 3개의 전기영동분획 즉 $LDH_1, LDH_2, LDH_4 및 LDH_5$를 나타냈으나 한냉순화 기간중에는 3개의 분획 즉 $LDH_1, LDH_2 및 LDH_3$가 나타났으며, 한냉순화 시의 SLDH의 상승은 $SLDH_1, SLDH_2 및 SLDH_3$의 반영이라고 생각되며 SALP의 활성치는 한냉순화 초기에 유의적으로 증가하였으나 곧 감소되어 정상치로 접근하여 36일구까지 항정상태를 지속하였고, 대조군의 SALP동위효소는 2개의 전기영동분획을 지속하고 있으며, 한냉순화군 초기의 SALP 활성치의 증가는 $SALP_1$ 분획의 즉각적인 증가의 반영임을 알 수 있고, 한냉순화로 인하여 SCPK의 활성치는 순화초기에 유의적으로 상승하였으나 곧이어 안정치로 접근하여 순화 말기까지 항정상태를 지속하였다. 한냉순화$(4\\pm1^\\circC)$처리는 한냉 초기에 SLDH, SLDH 동위효소, SALP, SALP 동위효소 및 SCPK 활성치 모두에 영향을 끼치는 것으로 생각되며 따라서 상기 각종 효소가 직접 또는 간접적으로 열적조절에 관여하는 것으로 생각된다.