• 대한화학회지
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• 제54권5호
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• pp.523-532
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• 2010

제안된 방법은 국제표준(IS)인 Entacapone-d10(EAD10)을 사용하여 체외에서 Entacapon(EA)의 정량화를 위한 간단하고, 감도가 좋고, 명확한 액체 크로마토그래피-직렬 질량 분석법(LC-ESI-MS/MS)이다. 크로마토그래피 분리는 Zorbax SB-C18에서 수행되었고, $2.1{\times}50\;mm$, $5\;{\mu}m$ 컬럼과 10 mM Ammonium formate (pH 3.0)로 구성된 이동상에서 수행되었다: 0.7 mL/min 유속의 아세토나이트릴(60:40 v/v)은 액체-액체 추출을 따른다. EA와 EAD10은 다중 반응 탐색법(MRM)에서 수소부가물을 가지고 상대적으로 포지티브 모드인 m/z $306.1{\rightarrow}233.1$과 $316.3{\rightarrow}233.0$에서 수소부과물을 가지고 측정되었다. 그 방법은 상관계수($r^2$) 0.993 이상을 갖는 1.00 - 2000.00 ng/mL의 선형 농도 범위 이상으로 입증되었다. 하루 중과 하루 이내에 3.60에서 7.30과 4.20에서 5.50% 이내의 정밀성과 97.30에서 104.20과 98.30에서 105.80% 이내의 정확도는 EA를 위해 입증되었다. 이러한 방법은 건강한 인도인 자원자들의 생물학적 동등성 연구에서 성공적으로 적용되었다.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.261-267
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• 2007

몇 가지 환경 친화적 살충제를 사용하여 지하집모기 유충에 대한 생물활성을 조사하였다. 본 실험에 사용한 약제로는 키틴합성저해제인 Novaluron, 탈피촉진제인 Methoxyfenozide, 탈피억제제인 Pyriproxyfen 그리고 지질생합성저해제인 Spiromesifen을 사용하였다. 지하집모기의 유충에 대한 약제별 반수치사농도는 각각 0.00039, 0.07193, 0.65006 그리고 0.04839 ppm으로 키틴합성저해제인 Novaluron 가 가장 낮은 농도를 보였다. 모기 유충방제에 필요한 효과적인 약제 처리시기를 결정하기 위하여 모기 유충의 령기에 따른 약제 감수성 실험을 실시한 결과, Novaluron 은 부화 후 2 일차, 4 일차, 7 일차 및 10 일차에서 각각 100%, 84.5%, 71% 그리고 48.5% 의 방제가로 IGR 약제의 특정이 나타났다. 또한, Methoxyfenozide, Pyriproxyfen 그리고 Spiromesifen은 부화 후 2 일차에서 80% 이하의 살충효과로 Novaluron 과 비교하여 낮은 방제가를 나타냈었다. 한편 모기유충에 대한 효과적인 약제 노출시간을 알아본 결과 Novaluron은 100% 살충효과를 나타내는데 3시간이 필요하였고, 나머지 약제들은 12 시간 이상의 노출시간에서도 100% 방제효과를 나타내지 못하였다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.270-276
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• 2018

Background: Notoginsenoside Ft1 is a promising potential candidate for cardiovascular and cancer disease therapy owing to its positive pharmacological activities. However, the yield of Ft1 is ultralow utilizing reported methods. Herein, an acid hydrolyzing strategy was implemented in the acquirement of rare notoginsenoside Ft1. Methods: Chemical profiles were identified by ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled with quadruple-time-of-flight and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q/TOF-ESI-MS). The acid hydrolyzing dynamic changes of chemical compositions and the possible transformation pathways of saponins were monitored by ultrahigh-performance LC coupled with tandem MS (UHPLC-MS/ MS). Results and conclusion: Notoginsenoside Ft1 was epimerized from notoginsenoside ST4, which was generated through cleaving the carbohydrate side chains at C-20 of notoginsenosides Fa and Fc, and vinaginsenoside R7, and further converted to other compounds via hydroxylation at C-25 or hydrolysis of the carbohydrate side chains at C-3 under the acid conditions. High temperature contributed to the hydroxylation reaction at C-25 and 25% acetic acid concentration was conducive to the preparation of notoginsenoside Ft1. C-20 epimers of notoginsenoside Ft1 and ST4 were successfully separated utilizing solvent method of acetic acid solution. The theoretical preparation yield rate of notoginsenoside Ft1 was about 1.8%, which would be beneficial to further study on its bioactivities and clinical application.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제44권5호
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• pp.725-737
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• 2020

Background: T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is a kind of aggressive hematological cancer, and the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway is activated in most patients with T-ALL and responsible for poor prognosis. 20(S)-Ginsenoside Rh2 (20(S)-GRh2) is a major active compound extracted from ginseng, which exhibits anti-cancer effects. However, the underlying anticancer mechanisms of 20(S)-GRh2 targeting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in T-ALL have not been explored. Methods: Cell growth and cell cycle were determined to investigate the effect of 20(S)-GRh2 on ALL cells. PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway-related proteins were detected in 20(S)-GRh2-treated Jurkat cells by immunoblotting. Antitumor effect of 20(S)-GRh2 against T-ALL was investigated in xenograft mice. The mechanisms of 20(S)-GRh2 against T-ALL were examined by cell proliferation, apoptosis, and autophagy. Results: In the present study, the results showed that 20(S)-GRh2 decreased cell growth and arrested cell cycle at the G1 phase in ALL cells. 20(S)-GRh2 induced apoptosis through enhancing reactive oxygen species generation and upregulating apoptosis-related proteins. 20(S)-GRh2 significantly elevated the levels of pEGFP-LC3 and autophagy-related proteins in Jurkat cells. Furthermore, the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway was effectively blocked by 20(S)-GRh2. 20(S)-GRh2 suppressed cell proliferation and promoted apoptosis and autophagy by suppressing the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in Jurkat cells. Finally, 20(S)-GRh2 alleviated symptoms of leukemia and reduced the number of white blood cells and CD3 staining in the spleen of xenograft mice, indicating antitumor effects against T-ALL in vivo. Conclusion: These findings indicate that 20(S)-GRh2 exhibits beneficial effects against T-ALL through the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway and could be a natural product of novel target for T-ALL therapy.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.378-398
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• 2017

덕태산(1,113 m)은 전라북도 진안군의 백운면과 장수군의 천천면에 걸쳐 위치해있다. 조사지로 덕태산과 선각산을 비롯한 인근을 선정하였으며, 조사는 2015년도 3월부터 10월까지 총 12일에 걸쳐 실시하였다. 결과의 정확성을 위해 꽃, 열매, 포자 등의 생식기관을 지닌 개체를 수집해 증거 표본으로 활용하여 관속식물목록을 작성하였다. 조사 결과 확인된 관속식물은 108과 341속 525종 4아종 65변종 14품종 총 608분류군으로, 한반도 관속식물의 약12.45%에 해당한다. 한반도 특산식물은 은사시나무, 키버들, 병개암나무, 제주큰물통이, 참개별꽃 등 15분류군의 분포가 확인되었다. 이 중 은사시나무, 섬초롱꽃, 개나리 3분류군은 식재된 것으로, 이를 제외한 12분류군이 조사지역에 자생하는 것으로 확인되었다. 산림청에서 제시한 희귀식물목록집에 의거한 멸종위기종(CR)은 백운기름나물 1분류군, 취약종(VU)은 백작약과 식재에 의한 모감주나무, 가시오갈피 3분류군, 약관심(LC)종은 너도바람꽃, 태백제비꽃, 섬초롱꽃 등 6분류군이 분포하는 것이 확인되었다. 환경부 지정 특정식물종에는 V등급1분류군, IV등급3분류군, III등급12분류군이 각각 조사되었다. 이중 IV등급 식물인 당마가목과 고로쇠나무는 각각 선각산 능선부, 덕태산 북사면 계곡부에 자생하는 것이 확인되었다.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.83-88
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• 1987

3종(種) 진딧물(복숭아혹진딧물, 목화진딧물, 콩진딧물)에 대(對)한 acephate가 9종(種)의 살충제(殺蟲劑)를 공시(供試)하여 살충제(殺蟲劑)의 종류(種類)와 처리방법(處理方法) 그리고 종간(種間) 살충제(殺蟲劑) 감수성(感受性) 차이(差異)를 비교(比較)하였는데, 그 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 아래와 같다. 1) 3종(種) 진딧물은 살충제(殺蟲劑) 종류(種類)와 처리방법(處理方法)에 따라 현저(顯著)한 감수성(感受性) 차이(差異)를 나타내었다. 2) 처리방법간(處理方法間) 비교(比較)에서 복숭아혹진딧물은 대체로 엽침지법(葉浸漬法)보다 분무법(噴霧法)에서 감수성(感受性)이 높았으나 목화진딧물과 콩진딧물은 살충제(殺蟲劑) 종류(種類)에 따라 현저(顯著)한 감수성(感受性) 차이(差異)를 나타내었다. 특(特)히 목화진딧물은 phenthoate+dimethoate에서, 콩진딧물은 penvalerate에서 현저(顯著)한 감수성(感受性) 차이(差異)를 보였다. 3) 진딧물 종간(種間)에서도 살충제(殺蟲劑) 감수성(感受性) 차이(差異)를 나타내었는데, 콩진딧물이 복숭아혹진딧물, 목화진딧물에 비(比)하여 감수성(感受性)이 높았다. 특(特)히 pirimicarb에서는 복숭아혹진딧물, 콩진딧물보다 목화진딧물에서 감수성(感受性)이 크게 저하(抵下)되었다. 4) 3종(種) 진딧물 중(中) 살충제(殺蟲劑) 스크리닝에서는 감수성(感受性)이 높은 콩진딧물의 선택(選擇)이 바람직스러우며 진딧물 감정방법(檢定方法)에서는 엽침지법(葉浸漬法)과 분무법(噴霧法) 중(中) 처리(處理)가 용이(容易)하고, 변이(變異)가 적은 결과(結果)를 얻을 수 있는 엽침지법(葉浸漬法)의 선택(選擇)을 추천(推薦)한다.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.119-138
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• 2000

This study was designed to evaluate the effect of the bee venom(BV) aqua-acupuncture on the neuronal activities of serotonergic(5-HT) system in the brainstem. After the BV aqua-acupuncture was applied on Chok-Samni(ST36) and the gluteal part(Blank locus) in rats, the number of Fos immunoreactive neurons was counted by using computerized image analyzing system. Also, the number of colocalization between 5-HT containing neurons Fos immunoreactive neurons were analyzed by using the double immunohistochemical technique. The results of the experiments were summarized as follows : 1. In almost every neucli, the Chok-Samni group and Blank locus group showed more increase in the number of Fos immunoreactive neurons than the control group. Especially, in Arc, DR, LC, RMg, Gi, PAG Rost and PAG LV, the Chok-Samni group showed more significant increase than the control group. Also, in PAG LV Mid and Arc, Chok-Samni group showed more significant increase than the Blank locus group. 2. In DR and PAG LV Mid, Chok-Samni group and the Blank locus group showed more significant increase in the number of colocalization between 5-HT containing neurons and Fos immunoreactive neurons than the control group after the BV aqua- acupuncture. Also, the Chok-Samni group showed more significant increase than the Blank locus group. Consequently, the BV aqua-acupuncture increased more potent the number of Fos immunoreactive neurons and the activity of serotonergic neurons. Furthermore, the BV aqua-acupuncture was more effective on Chok-Samni than Blank locus group. These results indicate that the BV aqua-acupuncture is very effective therapy to control pain. The therapeutic effect of BV aqua-acupunture may associated with the endogenous modulatory system such as serotonin Those data from the study can be applied to establish the effective treatment of the BV for pain control in the clinical field.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.97-105
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• 2014

The aim of this study was to determine the beneficial effect of propofol on human keratinocytes that have undergone hypoxia reoxygenation (H/R) injury and to investigate whether autophagy is associated with the protective mechanism. Thus, we evaluated how propofol influences the intracellular autophagy and apoptosis during the H/R process in the HaCaT cells. The cultured human keratinocyte cells were exposed to 24 h of hypoxia (5% $CO_2$, 1% $O_2$, 94% $N_2$) followed by 12 h of reoxygenation (5% $CO_2$, 21% $O_2$, 74% $N_2$). The experiment was divided into 4 groups: (1) Control=Normoxia ; (2) H/R=Hypoxia Reoxygenation ; (3) PPC+H/R=Propofol Preconditioning+Hypoxia Reoxygenation; (4) 3-MA+PPC+ H/R=3-MA-Methyladenine+Propofol Preconditioning+ Hypoxia Reoxygenation. In addition, Western blot analysis was performed to identify the expression of apoptotic pathway parameters, including Bcl-2, Bax, and caspase 3 involved in mitochondrial-dependent pathway. Autophagy was determined by fluorescence microscopy, MDC staining, AO staining, and western blot. The H/R produced dramatic injuries in keratinocyte cells. In our study, the viability of Propofol in H/R induced HaCaT cells was first studied by MTT assay. The treatment with 25, 50, and $100{\mu}M$ Propofol in H/R induced HaCaT cells enhanced cell viability in a dose-dependent manner and $100{\mu}M$ was the most effective dose. The Atg5, Becline-1, LC3-II, and p62 were elevated in PPC group cells, but H/R-induced group showed significant reduction in HaCaT cells. The Atg5 were increased when autophagy was induced by Propofol, and they were decreased when autophagy was suppressed by 3-MA. These data provided evidence that propofol preconditioning induced autophagy and reduced apoptotic cell death in an H/R model of HaCaT cells, which was in agreement with autophagy playing a very important role in cell protection.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.157-162
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• 2003

Various extracts of higher plants have been used in traditional medicine systems for centuries. While tropical and sub-tropical plants have received considerable attention from the researchers for evaluation of their bioactivity, temeperate plants have always been neglected somewhat. Similarly, seeds of the plants have not been considered seriously compared to other plant parts, e.g. leaves, stems, roots, flowers, etc. as a potential source for biologically active compounds. As part of our on-going evaluation of the extracts of the seeds of temperate plants, especially from Scotland, for biological activity, Achillea millefolium, Angelica sylvestris and Phleum pratense have been chosen for the present study. Both A. millefolium and A. sylvestris are well known for their traditional medicinal uses in Europe and also in the orient, but there is no report on any medicinal properties of P. pratense available to date. Extracts of the seeds of these plants have been assessed for their antioxidant and antibacterial potential and also for general toxicity. Both DCM and MeOH extracts of A. millefolium showed the most significant broad spectrum antibacterial activity among the three plants and inhibited the growth of almost all test strains of bacteria. The DCM extracts of all three species were active against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Citrobacter freundii $(MIC=6.25{\times}10^{-1}\;mg/mL)$. While the MeOH extracts of A. millefolium and P. pratense were active against C. freundii, that of P. pratense was also active against MRSA. The MeOH extract of A. sylvestris did not show any antibacterial activity against any of the eight bacterial strains at test concentrations. The MeOH extract of P. pratense showed the most prominent antioxidant activity $(IC_{50}=145\;{\mu}g/ml)$ and there was no antioxidant activity observed with the DCM extract of A. millefolium. The DCM extract of P. pratense was the most toxic $(LC_{50}=20\;{\mu}g/ml)$ among the extracts.

• 한국ITS학회 논문지
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.38-47
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• 2009

이용자의 서비스 고급화 및 다양화에 대한 요구수준이 증대함에 따라 차세대 기술을 이용한 고속도로교통관리시스템 제공과 체계적인 운영이 필요하게 되었으며, 이에 따라 향후 차세대 고속도로 교통관리시스템(exTMS)을 제공하고자 한다. 이러한 exTMS 기반의 고속도로 교통관리방안의 정량적 효과분석을 통한 시스템 도입의 타당성을 마련해야하며, 체계적인 운영이 이루어질 수 있도록 효과를 기반으로 한 운영 기준이 필요하다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 교통상황(V/C=0.5/0.8/1.2)에 따라 각 상황별 전체시스템 및 개별시스템(갓길LCS/VMS(Hi-pass기반의 교통정보제공, VMS의 기능 및 서비스 개선포함)/램프미터링)을 적용하여 효과를 분석하였다. 그 결과 전 시스템 및 개별시스템이 적용되었을 경우 모두 통행속도가 개선되는 효과가 나타났으며, V/C가 높은 교통상황일수록 시스템의 적용효과가 큰 것으로 분석되었다. 개별시스템 중 갓길 LCS의 효과가 가장 크게 나타났으며, 교통정보제공을 통한 우회율이 11%일 경우도 효과가 비교적 높게 나타났다.