• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.33 no.1
• /
• pp.28-32
• /
• 2001

Major sensory characteristic components-salty(NaCl), sweet(free sugars), palatable tastes(MSG, IMP, GMP) and related components-in soup base of commercial ramyons(25 ramyons, 11 bowl ramyons) were investigated to estimate their use level. $Na^+$ content($18.73{\pm}3.18%$ in ramyons and $17.62{\pm}1.92%$ in bowl ramyons) was determined by IC so that NaCl values (20.90% in ramyons and 18.16% in bowl ramyons) could be calculated from it. And from the assayed results of glutamic acid($10.50{\pm}3.78%$ in ramyons and $10.47{\pm}1.68%$ in bowl ramyons) by LC, MSG values were 12.08% in ramyons and 12.04% in bowl ramyons. GMP and IMP contents were $0.15{\pm}0.06%$, $0.20{\pm}0.11%$ in ramyons and $0.14{\pm}0.03%$, $0.18{\pm}0.05%$ in bowl ramyons, respectively. In addition, free sugars contained in ramyons such as sucrose, glucose and fructose were also analyzed by LC. In order to compare the sweetness, the free sugars were multiplied by conversion factor(sucrose 1, glucose 0.7, fructose 1.1), which showed $19.85{\pm}5.68%$ in ramyons and $18.02{\pm}7.82%$ in bowl ramyons. Therefore it is concluded that the analytical method of $Na^+$, glutamic acid and free sugars can be used as a simple and exact technique for the determination of NaCl, MSG and sweetness of ramyons.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
• /
• v.46 no.2
• /
• pp.313-318
• /
• 2007

Entomopathogenic nematode, Steinernema carpocapsae GSN1 strain was evaluated for the environmentally sound control of Tebenna issikii (Lepidoptera: Choreutidae) in the laboratory. The corrected mortality of Tebenna issikii larvae was 100% at the 40 infective juveniles (Ijs)/larva 3 days after treatment with S. carpocapsae GSN1 strain in Petri dish. $LC_{50}$ value of S. carpocapsae GSN1 strain against Tebenna issikii was 5.7 Ijs. The mean penetration numbers of Ijs of S. carpocapsae GSN1 strain at the 5, 10, 20, 40 and 80 Ijs/larva in a Tebenna issikii larva were 1.4, 1.4, 3.2, 5.6 and 11.9 Ijs/larva, respectively. However penetration rate of Ijs of S. carpocapsae GSN1 strain at 5 Ijs/larva was the highest among other nematode concentrations. Progeny of S. carpocapsae GSN1 strain in a Tebenna issikii larva was higher with increasing nematode concentration.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.17 no.6 s.86
• /
• pp.828-830
• /
• 2007

To determine the effects of newly developed insecticide (Ultra) on Sycamore lace bug (Corythucha ciliata), ten leaf discs were sprayed with the Ultra solution including the other selected commercialized insecticide solutions such as Carbaryl and Pirimicarb, and also with a water-sprayed control. According to the results, the control effect of Ultra on the adults and immatures was respectively 98.9% and 97.5% after 48hr, and the corresponding values were higher than that of the other tested insecticides (i.e Carbaryl showed 84.6% for adults and 85.6% for immatures; Pirimicarb showed 83.0% for adults and 90.7% for immatures). For the Susceptibility test, LC$_{50}$ value of Ultra showed the lowest as 1.5ppm, the value of Carbaryl and Pirmicarb were 3.7 ppm and 30.4 ppm, respectively. Therefore, the insecticidal effects were better for the newly developed insecticide than the commercialized insecticides.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
• /
• v.7 no.2
• /
• pp.124-129
• /
• 1988

Prolonged aquatic toxicity tests (7-days) of six pesticides to the freshwater fish Oryzias latipes were performed to confirm the adequacy of the exposure times, 48-hr or 96-hr, which has been required by the protocols for the aquatic acute toxicity test. The toxicity curves were plotted for each chemical, and the significance of the difference between lethal threshold concentrations and 48-hr or 96-hr LC50's was analysed statistically. The lethal threshold concentrations of butachlor, fenobucarb, and chlorothalonil were clearly defined on the 5th day, 2nd day, and 2nd day at 0.53mg/1, 10.3mg/l, and 0.085mg/1, respectively. But the toxicity curves of alachlor, diazinon, and iprobenfos continued with no threshold for 7 days. Four out of six test pesticides failed to show the threshold concentration during the 96-hr exposure time. Therefore, the results of the acute toxicity test using 48-hr or 96-hr exposure time would not describe the ideal toxicity of pesticides. It is recommended that the prolonged exposure should be continued long enough to define the threshold adequately.

• Analytical Science and Technology
• /
• v.28 no.4
• /
• pp.260-269
• /
• 2015

The protective effects of extract powder of Angelica gigas on the degeneration of the articular cartilage in rats was investigated with monosodium iodoacetate (MIA)-induced osteoarthritis, The treatment of high concentration (50 μg/mL) of Angelica gigas effectively inhibited nitric oxide (NO) production induced by interleukin-1α (IL-1α) without any cytotoxicity. Specifically, mRNA and protein expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) were dose dependently reduced by extract powder of Angelica gigas. Importantly, mRNA expression in articular cartilage of inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were clearly reduced. The inflammatory cytokines in blood were also reduced as well. These results suggested that the protective effects on the degeneration of the articular cartilage was derived from the inhibitory effects of mRNA and protein expression of tested inflammatory cytokines which is linked to prevent the degradation of proteoglycan (PG), the main matrix content in articular cartilage. Meanwhile, the 2 hrs incubation of decursin, a major compound of extract powder in rat whole blood rapidely converted decursin into decursinol which shows string anti-inflammatory activity. The coverted decursinol was detected after 8 hrs in whole blood by LC-MS/MS. Conclusively, the inhibitory effects of inflammatory cytokines production in osteoarthritis may be derived from the production of decursinol, which performs against inflammatroy cytokines like TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6.

• Polymer(Korea)
• /
• v.28 no.4
• /
• pp.314-320
• /
• 2004

Soluble aromatic polyimides bearing 4-(4-oxyalkyleneoxystyryl)- pyridines (ethylene and hexylene) as photoreactive side groups were synthesized and characterized. The photoreactive polymers were soluble in various polar organic solvents and their films were easily formed by solution casting. The photoreactivities of the polymers in the film state were approximately 64% at an exposure energy of 1.5 J/$\textrm{cm}^2$. Transmittances of the polymer films were about 85% after annealing at 20$0^{\circ}C$. Therefore, these polymers can be evaluated to be photoreactive polyimides with good transparency and solubility. The dichroic ratios of the polymers with ethylene and hexylene groups as the alkylene spacers were 0.023 and 0.026, respectively. The order parameters of 4'-pentyl-4-bipheny1carbonitrile as a liquid crystal (LC) in the film cells of the former and latter polymers were 0.50 and 0.52, respectively. These results indicate that the polymers show the effect of alkylene spacer on the photoalignments. The LC in the film cells of the polymers was perpendicularly oriented to the electric vector of the linear polarized UV light (LPUVL).

• Journal of fish pathology
• /
• v.23 no.3
• /
• pp.293-302
• /
• 2010

Effects of formalin on removal of Pseudodactylogyrus spp. were examined against naturally infected eel, Anguilla japonica (weight 89.9~96g) at a water temperature of $28^{\circ}$. Prior to experiments for removal of the parasite, the hematological toxicity of formalin bath at 0~500 ppm for 30 min~24 h was assessed by hematocrit values (Ht). Based on the results of Ht, appropriate methods of treatment, concentrations and durations, were examined in the main study. There was no significant (P>0.05) change of Ht in 100 to 200 ppm for 24 h. In contrast, Ht increased significantly (P<0.05) at above 300 ppm. This suggests that physiological damage was caused by formalin bath treating with 300 to 500 ppm. Formalin bath with 100 and 200 ppm for 24 h caused significant decreases (P<0.05) in the infection of the parasite. In conclusion, the 100 ppm formalin for 24 hour-bath was found most recommendable for the effective treatment of Pseudodactylogyrus spp. for the gills of the infected eel because of the median lethal concentration ($LC_{50}$) of formalin to eel; cumulative mortalities were found to be 0 and 13.3%, respectively, following 24 h bathing.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.31 no.1
• /
• pp.95-103
• /
• 1998

Acute and chronic responses to PCB toxicity of Neomysis awatschensis were studied by measurement of bioassay, growth, oxygen consumption and nitrogen excretion with concentrations of PCB at 10 and $20^{\circ}C$. 96 hr.-$LC_50$ at 10 and $20^{\circ}C$ were 28.7492 pub and 10.6742 pub, respectively. Survival rates during 60 days exposured to chronic PCB concentrations of 0.5 pub, 1.0 pub, 1.5 pub and 2,0 pub at $10^{\circ}C$ were $85\%,\;80\%,\;75\%$ and $75\%$, respectively and suwival rates at $20^{\circ}C$ $85\%,\;75\%,\;75\%$ and $65\%$, respectively. Average daily growth rate of N. awatschensis exposed to chronic PCB concentrations at $10^{\circ}C$ were 0.039 mm/day in control group and 0.036 mm/day at concentration of 2.0 ppb, while their rates at $20^{\circ}C$ showed 0.072 mm/day in central group and 0.039 mm/day at 2,0 ppb. The growth factors were some similarities between the chronic PCB concentrations, but intermolt periods were related to body size of mysids, temperature and PCB toxicity. Changes in oxygen consumption and nitrogen excretion rates during 60 days exposure to PCB toxicity showed higher in high groups of PCB concentrations. Assimilation and feeding rates of N. awatschensis fed Artemia sp. decreased with increase of PCB concentration at 10 and $20^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
• /
• v.45 no.2
• /
• pp.90-95
• /
• 2003

This study was carried out to identify of C3G (cyanidin-3-glucoside) from mulberry fruits and quantify with different varieties. C3G of mulberry fruits was extracted with 1％ HCl-MeOH and purified with open column (5${\times}$90cm) which filled with Amberlite IRC-50 ion exchange resin. The $\lambda$max ranges of the purified C3G on UV/vis spectrum were 516nm and 280nm. Also, molecular weight of C3G from mulberry fruits by LC-Mass was determined as 449. From above results, we concluded that anthocyanin pigment of mulberry fruits was C3G only. The cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G) was separated and quantified by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) system using a Nova-Pack C$\_$18/ column. Mean content of the 35 tested accessions was 0.89％. Also fruity characteristics as well as C3G content to select the desirable mulberry varieties for the production of fruit were researched and analyzed. We selected three suitable varieties such as 'Susungppong', 'Kangsun', and 'Jeolgokchosaeng(Chungpuk)'.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
• /
• v.48 no.2
• /
• pp.168-175
• /
• 2021

This study compared the microleakages and compressive strengths of various base materials. To evaluate microleakages, 50 extracted permanent premolars were prepared. The teeth divided into 5 groups of 10 each according to the base materials. Cavities with a 5.0 mm width, 3.0 mm length, and 3.0 mm depth were formed on the buccal surfaces of the teeth. After filling the cavities with different base materials, a composite resin was used for final restoration. Each specimen was immersed in 2% methylene blue solution and then observed under a stereoscopic microscope (× 30). To evaluate the compressive strength, 5 cylindrical specimens were prepared for each base material. A universal testing machine was used to measure the compressive strength. The microleakage was highest in the Riva light cure^TM group and lowest in the Biodentine^TM and Well-Root^TM PT groups. For the compressive strengths, in all groups, acceptable strength values for base materials were found. The highest compressive strength was observed in the Fuji II LC^TM group and the lowest strength in the Well-Root^TM PT group.