• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.677-684
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• 2000

Pseudomonas sp. BK7, an alkalophile, displayed the highest growth and protease activity when grown in a fermenter which was controlled at a pH level of 9.0, and the enzyme production was significantly enhanced by the increase of agitation speed. Two forms of alkaline proteases (BK7-1 and BK7-2) were fractionated and purified to near homogeneity. Protease BK7-1 was purified through CM-Sepharose CL-6B and Sephadex G-75 column chromatographies, and Protease BK7-2 was purified through CM-Sepharose CL-6B, DEAE-Sepharose, and Sephadex G-75 column chromatographies. The molecular weights of proteases BK7-1 and BK7-2 determined by gel filtration chromatography were 20,700 and 40,800, respectively. The $K_m$ value, isoelectric point, and optimum pH of protease BK7-1 were 2.55 mg/ml, 11.0, and 11.0, respectively, whereas those of protease BK7-2 were 1.57 mg/ml, 7.2, and 10.0, respectively. Both proteases were practically stable in the pH range of 5-11. The optimum temperatures for the activities of both protease BK7-1 and BK7-2 were $50^{\circ}C$ and $45^{\circ}C$, respectively. About 56% of the original protease BK7-2 activity remained after being treated at $50^{\circ}C$ for 30 min but protease BK7-1 was rapidly inactivated at above $25^{\circ}C$. Both proteases were completely inhibited by phenylmethane sulfonyl fluoride, a serine protease inhibitor. Protease BK7-2 was stable against EDTA, EGTA, STP, and detergents such as SDS and LAS, whereas protease BK7-1 was found to be unstable.

• Biomaterials and Biomechanics in Bioengineering
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.105-114
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of cryopreservation on dental pulp-derived stem cells (DPSC) viability over a period of three years. Dental pulp-derived stem cells were isolated and cultured from thirty-one healthy teeth. DPSC isolates were assessed for doubling-time and baseline viability prior to cryopreservation and were assessed again at three time points; one week (T1), 18 months (T2), and 36 months (T3). DPSC can be grouped based on their observed doubling times; slow (sDT), intermediate (iDT), and rapid (rDT). Viability results demonstrated all three types of DPSC isolates (sDT, iDT and rDT) exhibit time-dependent reductions in viability following cryopreservation, with the greatest reduction observed among sDT-DPSCs and the smallest observed among the rDT-DPSC isolates. Cryopreserved DPSCs demonstrate time-dependent reductions in cellular viability. Although reductions in viability were smallest at the initial time point (T1) and greatest at the final time point (T3), these changes were markedly different among DPSC isolates with similar doubling times (DTs). Furthermore, the analysis of various DPSC biomarkers - including both intracellular and cell surface markers, revealed differential mRNA expression. More specifically, the relative high expression of Sox-2 was only found only among the rDT isolates, which was associated with the smallest reduction in viability over time. The expression of Oct4 and NANOG were also higher among rDT isolates, however, expression was comparatively lower among the sDT isolates that had the highest reduction in cellular viability over the course of this study. These data may suggest that some biomarkers, including Sox-2, Oct4 and NANOG may have some potential for use as biomarkers that may be associated with either higher or lower cellular viability over long-term storage applications although more research will be needed to confirm these findings.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.125-133
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• 1986

The effect of ethanol on the contraction of intestinal smooth muscle in Na-free solution was studied using cat ileal longitudinal muscle strips. Ethanol $(0.5{\pm}4%)$ inhibited both the spontaneous mechanical activity and base-line tension in normal physiological salt solution. However, in Na-free solution it induced a reversible contraction. The excitatory effect by ethanol in Na-free solution was increased with increasing the concentrations of ethanol and the time incubated in Na-free solution. The excitatory response by ethanol was reduced by increasing the concentrations of Na in incubated medium . Ethanol-induced contractile response was not affected by $Ca^{2+}$ removal in bathing medium. In Na-free solution, the contraction by ethanol was inhibited by Las. but was not affected by verapamil. The contraction induced by Na removal in solution was inhibited by the pretreatment of ethanol. These results suggest that ethanol may induce the contraction by increasing the release of superficially membrane-bound $Ca^{2+}$ and/or intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ in Na-free physiological salt solution.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.721-727
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• 2002

Precipitation evapotranspiration and runoff are three key parameters of regional water balance. Problems exist in the traditional methods for calculating such factors , such as explaining of the geographic rationality of spatial interpolating methods and lacking of enough observation stations in many important area for bad natural conditions. With the development of modern spatial info-techniques, new efficient shifts arose for traditional studies. Guided by theories on energy flow and materials exchange within Soil-Atmosphere-Plant Continuant (SPAC), retrieval models of key hydrological parameters were established in the Yellow River basin using CMS-5 and FengYun-2 meteorological satellite data. Precipitation and evapotranspiration were then estimated: (1) Estimating tile amount of solar energy that is absorbed by the ground with surface reflectivity, which is measured in the visible wavelength band (VIS): (2) Assessing the partitioning of the absorbed energy between sensible and latent heat with the surface temperature, which was measured in the thermal infrared band (TIR), the latent heat representing the evapotranspiration of water; (3) Clouds are identified and cloud top levels are classified using both VIS and TIR data. Hereafter precipitation will be calculated pixel by pixel with retrieval model. Daily results are first obtained, which are then processed to decade, monthly and yearly products. Precipitation model has been has been and tested with ground truth data; meanwhile, the evapotranspiration result has been verified with Large Aperture Scintillometry (LAS) presented by Wageningen University of the Netherlands. Further studies may concentrate on the application of models, i.e., establish a hydrological model of the Yellow river basin to make the accurate estimation of river volume and even monitor the whole hydrological progress.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.253-272
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• 2015

This study analyzed library awareness and anxiety among people in their 20s living in East Asia. The objective is to develop the international library cooperation agenda for life-long education proliferation. User groups in Korea, China, and Japan were investigated to understand the differences in library awareness based on the situational contexts such as preferred resources, use frequency, educational level, and gender. Results of the data analysis showed the correlation between library anxiety and use patterns such as preferred information sources and frequency of use. Specifically, the user group in China has the highest level of library anxiety with every factor. Also, the Korean user group was measured to have the lowest level of library anxiety in terms of digital information factor. Based on these results, the study presents several recommendations for resolving library anxiety such as embracing new information need with regard to environmental change and suggesting a new space policy for libraries.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.948-956
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• 1998

This study aimed to investigate of Andong sikhe by using pure culture inoculation technique and the improvement of storage stability by the addition of stabilizers to the product. Microorganisms were selected for the pure culture inoculation in the fermentation. The changes in chemical composition such as total acidity, sugar content, amino acid and various forms of nitrogen during fermentation were determined. The changes in pH of the product, the enzyme activities and the population of lactic acid bacteria and yeast were also followed in the process of fermentation.

• Annals of Laboratory Medicine
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.518-523
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• 2018

Background: Lipemia, a significant source of analytical errors in clinical laboratory settings, should be removed prior to measuring biochemical parameters. We investigated whether lipemia in serum/plasma samples can be removed using a method that is easier and more practicable than ultracentrifugation, the current reference method. Methods: Seven hospital laboratories in Spain participated in this study. We first compared the effectiveness of ultracentrifugation ($108,200{\times}g$) and high-speed centrifugation ($10,000{\times}g$ for 15 minutes) in removing lipemia. Second, we compared high-speed centrifugation with two liquid-liquid extraction methods-LipoClear (StatSpin, Norwood, USA), and 1,1,2-trichlorotrifluoroethane (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany). We assessed 14 biochemical parameters: serum/plasma concentrations of sodium ion, potassium ion, chloride ion, glucose, total protein, albumin, creatinine, urea, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate-aminotransferase, calcium, and bilirubin. We analyzed whether the differences between lipemia removal methods exceeded the limit for clinically significant interference (LCSI). Results: When ultracentrifugation and high-speed centrifugation were compared, no parameter had a difference that exceeded the LCSI. When high-speed centrifugation was compared with the two liquid-liquid extraction methods, we found differences exceeding the LCSI in protein, calcium, and aspartate aminotransferase in the comparison with 1,1,2-trichlorotrifluoroethane, and in protein, albumin, and calcium in the comparison with LipoClear. Differences in other parameters did not exceed the LCSI. Conclusions: High-speed centrifugation ($10,000{\times}g$ for 15 minutes) can be used instead of ultracentrifugation to remove lipemia in serum/plasma samples. LipoClear and 1,1,2-trichlorotrifluoroethane are unsuitable as they interfere with the measurement of certain parameters.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.143-151
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• 2010

We carried out studies on InSAR techniques for time-series deformation monitoring using multi-temporal SAR. The PSInSAR method using permanent scatterer is much more complicate than the SBAS because it includes many non-linear equation due to the input of wrapped phase. It is conformed the PS algorithm is very sensitive to even PSC selection. On the other hand, the SBAS method using interferogram of small baseline subset is simple but sensitive to the accuracy of unwrapped phase. The SBAS is better method for expecting not significant unwrapping error while PSInSAR is more proper method for expecting local deformation within very limited area. We used 51 ERS-1/2 SAR data during 1992-2000 over Las Vegas, USA for the comparison between PSInSAR and SBAS. Both PSInSAR and SBAS show similar ground deformation value although local deformation seems to be detected in the PSInSAR method only.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.261-270
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• 2019

Background: People with the Ehlers-Danlos Syndromes (EDS), a group of heritable disorders of connective tissue, often report experiencing dental procedure pain despite local anesthetic (LA) use. Clinicians have been uncertain how to interpret this apparent LA resistance, as comparison of EDS and non-EDS patient experience is limited to anecdotal evidence and small case series. The primary goal of this hypothesis-generating study was to investigate the recalled adequacy of pain prevention with LA administered during dental procedures in a large cohort of people with and without EDS. A secondary exploratory aim asked people with EDS to recall comparative LA experiences. Methods: We administered an online survey through various social media platforms to people with EDS and their friends without EDS, asking about past dental procedures, LA exposures, and the adequacy of procedure pain prevention. Among EDS respondents who both received LA and recalled the specific LA used, we compared agent-specific pain prevention for lidocaine, procaine, bupivacaine, mepivacaine, and articaine. Results: Among the 980 EDS respondents who had undergone a dental procedure LA, 88% (n = 860) recalled inadequate pain prevention. Among 249 non EDS respondents only 33% (n = 83) recalled inadequate pain prevention (P < 0.001 compared to EDS respondents). The agent with the highest EDS-respondent reported success rate was articaine (30%), followed by bupivacaine (25%), and mepivacaine (22%). Conclusions: EDS survey respondents reported nearly three times the rate of LA non-response compared to non-EDS respondents, suggesting that LAs were less effective in preventing their pain associated with routine office dental procedures.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.39.2-39.2
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• 2018

RR Tel is an interacting binary system in which a hot white dwarf (WD) accretes matter from a Mira variable via gravitational capture of the stellar wind. We present a high-resolution optical spectrum of RR Tel obtained with MIKE at Magellan-Clay telescope, Chile. We find broad emission features at 6825, 7082, 7023, and $7053{\AA}$, which are formed through Raman scattering of far-UV O VI ${\lambda}{\lambda}$ 1032 and $1038{\AA}$, C II ${\lambda}{\lambda}$ 1036 and $1037{\AA}$ with atomic hydrogen. Raman O VI 6825 and 7082 features are characterized by double-peaked profiles indicative of an accretion flow with a characteristic speed ~ 30km/s, whereas the Raman C II features exhibit a single Gaussian profile with FWHM ${\sim}10{\AA}$. Monte Carlo simulations for Raman O VI and C II are performed by assuming that the emission nebula around the WD consists of the inner O VI disk with a representative scale of 1 AU and the outer part with C II sphere. The best fit for Raman profiles is obtained with an asymmetric matter distribution of the O VI disk, the mass loss rate of the cool companion ${\dot{M}}{\sim}2{\times}10^{-6}M_{{\odot}/yr}$ and the wind terminal velocity v~10 km/s. We also find O VI doublet at 3811 and $3834{\AA}$, which are blended with other emission lines. Our profile decomposition shows that the O VI ${\lambda}{\lambda}$ 3811, 3834 doublet have a single Gaussian profile with a width ~ 25 km/s. A comparison of the restored fluxes of C II ${\lambda}{\lambda}$ 1036 and 1037 from Raman C II features with the observed C II ${\lambda}1335$ leads to an estimate of a lower bound of N(CII) > $9.87{\times}10^{13}cm^{-2}$ toward RR Tel, which appears consistent with the presumed distance D ~ 2.6 kpc.