• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.2277-2284
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• 2016

Ribosome-inactivating protein (RIP) from Mirabilis jalapa L. leaves has cytotoxic effects on breast cancer cell lines but is less toxic towards normal cells. However, it can easily be degraded after administration so it needs to be formulated into nanoparticles to increase its resistance to enzymatic degradation. The objectives of this study were to develop a protein extract of M. jalapa L. leaves (RIP-MJ) incorporated into nanoparticles conjugated with Anti-EpCAM antibodies, and to determine its cytotoxicity and selectivity in the T47D breast cancer cell line. RIP-MJ was extracted from red-flowered M. jalapa L. leaves. Nanoparticles were formulated based on polyelectrolyte complexation using low viscosity chitosan and alginate, then chemically conjugated with anti-EpCAM antibody using EDAC based on carbodiimide reaction. RIP-MJ nanoparticles were characterised for the particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, particle morphology, and entrapment efficiency. The cytotoxicity of RIP-MJ nanoparticles against T47D and Vero cells was then determined with MTT assay. The optimal formula of RIP-MJ nanoparticles was obtained at the concentration of RIP-MJ, low viscosity chitosan and alginate respectively 0.05%, 1%, and 0.4% (m/v). RIP-MJ nanoparticles are hexagonal with high entrapment efficiency of 98.6%, average size of 130.7 nm, polydispersity index of 0.380 and zeta potential +26.33 mV. The $IC_{50}$ values of both anti-EpCAM-conjugated and non-conjugated RIP-MJ nanoparticles for T47D cells (13.3 and $14.9{\mu}g/mL$) were lower than for Vero cells (27.8 and $33.6{\mu}g/mL$). The $IC_{50}$ values of conjugated and non-conjugated RIP-MJ for both cells were much lower than $IC_{50}$ values of non-formulated RIP-MJ (>$500{\mu}g/mL$).

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.235-246
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• 1998

This study was performed to find the effect of parameters of numerical analysis model. To find the parameters of numerical analysis model, triaxial test and consolidation test were conducted and the results were compared and analyzed with various methods. Preloaded ground was analyzed with Hyperbolic and Modified Cam-Clay models. Hyperbolic model analysis result was good agreement with measured lateral displacement, and Modified Cam-Clay model agreed more than Hyperbolic model with settlement. When the parameters of models were changed, change of settlement on center of embankment and of maximum lateral displacement on distance 5m from end of embankment were compared. On Hyperbolic model the parameter K has large influence on settlement and lateral displacement. On Modified Cam-Clay model the parameters ${\Gamma}$ and M have large influence on settlement and lateral displacement, respectively.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.12-21
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• 2008

Statement of problem: There have been many studies about marginal adaptation of Zirconia core fabricated with various CAD/CAM systems. But, the comparative study has not been conducted much. Purpose: This study was to compare marginal adaptations of zirconia cores fabricated with 3 different CAD/CAM systems. Material and methods: The in vitro marginal adaptations of zirconia cores fabricated with 3 different CAD/CAM systems($Adens^{(R)}$ system, $Lava^{(R)}$ system, and $Cerasys^{(R)}$ system) were evaluated and compared. In this study 30 zirconia cores were fabricated(10 zirconia cores per each system). The measurements of the marginal adaptatioin were carried out using microscope $L-150A^{(R)}$(Nikon, Japan). Measurements were recorded at 50 points. The measurements were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis test and Wilcoxon rank sum test. Results: Within the limits of this study, the results were as follows. 1. Mean marginal gap values obtained were $284.5{\pm}152.9{\mu}m$ in Adens system, $99.0{\pm}73.0{\mu}m$ in Lava system, and $153.5{\pm}85.7{\mu}m$ in Cerasys system. 2. Zirconia core made by Lava system showed the smallest marginal gap(P<0.05). Conclusion: In the limitation of this study, we concluded that $Lava^{(R)}$ System was superior than other systems($Adens^{(R)}$ system and $Cerasys^{(R)}$ system) in the marginal adaptation.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.56-62
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• 2022

PURPOSE. The aim of this study was to investigate shade changes in fully- and pre-crystalized CAD-CAM lithium disilicate crowns after the required and additional firing processes. MATERIALS AND METHODS. One hundred and five crowns of shade A1 with high translucency were milled out of CAD-CAM lithium disilicate blocks and categorized as follows (n = 15): (1) restorations fabricated from Straumann n!ce with no additional sintering process; (2) restorations fabricated from Straumann n!ce with one additional sintering process; (3) restorations fabricated from Straumann n!ce with two additional sintering processes; (4) restorations fabricated from Amber Mill with one sintering process; (5) restorations fabricated from Amber Mill with two sintering processes; (6) restorations fabricated from IPS e.max CAD with one sintering process; (7) restorations fabricated from IPS e.max CAD with two sintering processes. All restorations were evaluated with a color imaging spectrophotometer. RESULTS. All restorations presented some color alteration from the original shade both after a single and after two firing processes. CONCLUSION. The required and additional sintering processes for restorations fabricated with chairside CAD-CAM lithium disilicate blocks cause an alteration of the original shade selected. Shade A1 high translucency restorations tend to change to a more yellowish B1 shade after a sintering process.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.417-422
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• 2016

PURPOSE. The purposes of this study were to evaluate the staining resistance of CAD/CAM resin-ceramics polished with different techniques and to determine the effectiveness of the polishing techniques on resin-ceramics, comparing it with that of a glazed glass-ceramic. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Four different CAD/CAM ceramics (feldspathic ceramic: C-CEREC Blocs, (SIRONA) and three resin-ceramics: L-Lava Ultimate, (3M ESPE), E-Enamic, (VITA) and CS-CeraSmart, (GC)) and one light cure composite resin: ME-Clearfil Majesty Esthetic (Kuraray) were used. Only C samples were glazed (gl). Other restorations were divided into four groups according to the polishing technique: nonpolished control group (c), a group polished with light cure liquid polish (Biscover LV BISCO) (bb), a group polished with ceramic polishing kit (Diapol, EVE) (cd), and a group polished with composite polishing kit (Clearfil Twist Dia, Kuraray) (kc). Glazed C samples and the polished samples were further divided into four subgroups and immersed into different solutions: distilled water, tea, coffee, and fermented black carrot juice. Eight samples ($8{\times}8{\times}1mm$) were prepared for each subgroup. According to CIELab system, four color measurements were made: before immersion, immersion after 1 day, after 1 week, and after 1 month. Data were analyzed with repeated measures of ANOVA (${\alpha}=.05$). RESULTS. The highest staining resistance was found in gl samples. There was no difference among gl, kc and cd (P>.05). Staining resistance of gl was significantly higher than that of bb (P<.05). Staining resistances of E and CS were significantly higher than those of L and ME (P<.05). CONCLUSION. Ceramic and composite polishing kits can be used for resin ceramics as a counterpart of glazing procedure used for full ceramic materials. Liquid polish has limited indications for resin ceramics.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.4 no.3_4
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• pp.114-123
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• 1981

Diurnal acid fluctuations, stomatal resistance, and morphology and anatomy were investigated in leaves and stems P. oleracea L. growing under the natural environmental condition. A CAM-like pattern of acid fluctuation was exhibited not in leaves of the young purslane but in its stems. Defoliated stems showed a decreased in diurnal changes of total acidity as compared with normal stems. Excised stems stored in continuous darkness exhibited diurnal acid rhythms, and they showed light deacidifications for three days. Kranz-type arrangement was observed in leaves, but not in stems. Micrography of cross sections of stems showed cells with relatively large vaculoles and a few chloroplasts. The number of stomata was 3,275cm-2 in leaves, while the stomata could not be observed in stems. Stomatal resistance was high at night and low in daytime in leaves of the young purslane, and the range of its value was 5~40 sec.$\textrm{cm}^{-1}$. But stomatal resistance in leaves of the water-stressed plant was comparratively high in day time, and its value was 30 sec.$\textrm{cm}^{-1}$. The result of these studies showed the possibility that the stem of P.oleracea L. possesses CAM under certain stressed conditions.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.140-149
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• 2020

PURPOSE. This study evaluated the color stabilities of two computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) blocks and a nanofill composite resin and the microtensile bond strength (µTBS) between the materials. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Twelve specimens of 4 mm height were prepared for both Lava Ultimate (L) and Vita Enamic (E) CAD/CAM blocks. Half of the specimens were thermocycled (10,000 cycle, 5° to 55℃) for each material. Both thermocycled and non-thermocycled specimens were surface treated with one of the three different methods (Er,Cr:YSGG laser, bur, or control). For each surface treatment group, one of the thermocycled and one of non-thermocycled specimens were restored using silane (Ceramic Primer II), universal adhesive (Single Bond Universal), and nanofill composite resin of 4-mm height (Filtek Ultimate). The other specimens were restored with the same procedure without using silane. For each group, 1 × 1 × 8 mm bar specimens were prepared using a microcutting device. Bar specimens were thermocycled (10,000 cycle, 5° to 55℃) and microtensile tests were performed. Staining of the materials in coffee solution was also compared using a spectrophotometer. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, t-test and post-hoc Scheffe tests. RESULTS. µTBS were found similar between the thermocycled and non-thermocycled groups (P>.05). The highest µTBS (20.818 MPa) was found in the non-thermocycled, bur-ground, silane-applied E group. Silane increased µTBS at some E groups (P<.05). Composite resin specimens showed more staining than CAD/CAM blocks (P<.05). CONCLUSION. CAD/CAM blocks can be repaired with composite resins after proper surface treatments. Using silane is recommended in repair process. Color differences may be shown between CAD/CAM blocks and the nanofill composite after a certain time period.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.47-52
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• 2016

Miller timing is one of the promising ways which can improve the fuel consumption of internal combustion engines. Indeed, Miller timing employing an early intake valve close is widely applied to large diesel and gas engines to enhance performance and reduce NOx emissions. In this study, performance evaluation is carried out by 1-D cycle simulation in order to estimate the effect of Miller CAM timing before BDC for a 32 L turbocharged diesel engine. To optimize Miller CAM timing, a single stage turbocharger is matched with an early intake valve close since boost pressure is a significant parameter that can control compression work in a turbocharged engine. The engine simulation result shows that there is enough potential to improve fuel consumption rate and also reduce NOx emissions at the same time.Abstract here.

• Perspectives in Nursing Science
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.73-89
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• 2006

Complementary and alternative medicine has gained popularity and respectability in recent years in the United States. Since aging is often associated with chronic health conditions that commonly lead to physical and psychosocial disabilities (e.g., depression, functional and/or cognitive disabilities, and decreased quality of life), older adults often seek options to maintain health and treat chronic conditions as an adjunct to conventional medical care. Herbal products, the most commonly used among various complementary and alternative medicines (CAM), should be used with caution due to potential herbal-drug interactions (related to polypharmacy) and herbal-disease interactions (related to comorbidities). Five of the most common chronic conditions in older adults are chronic pain, cardiovascular problems, hypertension, diabetes, and chronic lung problems. A high rate of falls or risk of falling is also a problem unique to this older population. For these conditions, only a few types of CAM (e.g., acupuncture, qi gong, tai chi) were tested, with promising results. However, in spite of evidence supporting the use of certain types of CAM to alleviate some common chronic conditions, findings are limited in terms of other types of CAM tested and both short and long-term effects. More rigorous clinical trials of various CAM types are thus warranted to advance scientific knowledge and establish evidence-based practices to care for the growing number of older adults who deserve to have a better quality of life.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.55-60
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• 2013

Compound bows use levering systems consisting of cables and cam pulleys to bend limbs that are much stiffer than those of recurve bows, thus storing more energy while requiring less force for the archer to hold the bow at a fully drawn position. Many patents have thus far been proposed to improve the efficiency and performance of compound bows through empirical methods, whereas only a few analytical methods have been proposed. In this light, this paper presents a method for the kinematic analysis of levering systems in compound bows so that a designer can easily predict the effects of changes in the cam profiles and limb materials.