• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.124-129
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• 2011

PC12 neuronal cell-protective effects of hot water extracts of guava fruit and leaf were evaluated. Total phenolic levels in fruit and leaf were 11.75 and 293.25 mg/g, respectively. Gallic acid, the predominant phenoic, was detected in both extracts. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation after $H_2O_2$ treatment was significantly reduced when the hot water extract of guava leaf was added to cell medium, compared to PC12 cells treated with $H_2O_2$ only. In a cell viability assay using 3-(4,5-dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl- tetrazoliumbromide (MTT), the hot water extracts of fruit and leaf protected against $H_2O_2$-induced neurotoxicity. The leaf extract was more effective in terms of inhibition of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release into medium, compared to the fruit extract. These in vitro data suggest that hot water extracts of guava fruit and leaf may be useful in treatment of neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer's disease.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.17-24
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• 1999

Background : A sizable percentage of tuberculous pleurisy patients are known to have residual pleural thickening(RPT) despite adequate anti-tuberculous chemotherapy. But, the predictive factors related to the development of RPT is not well known. Therefore, we studied to determine which factors are related to the development of RPT after completion of therapy. Methods: By retrospective review of medical records, fifty-eight patients initially diagnosed as having tuberculous pleurisy between March 1995 and January 1998 were separated into two groups : 27 patients in group 1 had RPT on simple chest radiography, while 31 patients in group 2 had no RPT after 6 month of anti-tuberculous chemotherapy. The clinical characteristics, radiologic findings and pleural fluid findings of the two group were compared at the time of diagnosis and during the course of therapy. Results: 47% of patients had RPT after 6 month of chemotherapy, and RPT was more common in man than in women(54% vs 29%, p=0.092). In group 2 patients, complete resorption of pleural lesion occurred rather late stage of therapy(1-2 month: 26%, 3-4 month: 29%, 5-6 month: 45%). Group 1 patients had increased percentage of loculated pleural lesion(26 % vs 19%) and increased white blood cell and lymphocyte count, lactate dehydrogenase level in pleural fluid ($3527\pm5652$ vs $2467\pm2201$/ml, $2066\pm2022$ vs $1698\pm1835$/ml and $1636\pm1143$ vs $1441\pm923$IU/mL respectively) than group 2 at the time of diagnosis, but statistically insignificant. Duration of symptom prior to treatment, size of pleural effusion, presence of parenchymal lung lesion, level of total protein, glucose and adenosine deaminase(ADA)activity in pleural fluid were similar in both group. Conclusion: 53% of tuberculous pleurisy patients showed slow but complete resorption of pleural lesion after 6 month of chemotherapy. But, no clinical, radiological and pleural fluid findings are predictive for the development of RPT.