• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.58 no.6
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• pp.562-569
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• 2005

Background : The severity scoring system is useful for predicting the outcome of critically ill patients. However, the system is quite complicated and cost-ineffective. Simple serologic markers have been proposed to predict the outcome, which include troponin-I, lactate and C-reactive protein(CRP). The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic values of troponin-I, lactate and CRP in critically ill non-cardiac patients. Methods : From September 2003 to June 2004, 139 patients(Age: $63.3{\pm}14.7$, M:F = 88:51), who were admitted to the MICU with non-cardiac critical illness at Gyeongsang National University Hospital, were enrolled in this study. This study evaluated the severity of the illness and the multi-organ failure score (Acute Physiologic and Chronic Health EvaluationII, Simplified Acute Physiologic ScoreII and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment) and measured the troponin-I, lactate and CRP within 24 hours after admission in the MICU. Each value in the survivors and non-survivors was compared at the 10th and 30th day after ICU admission. The mortality rate was compared at 10th and 30th day in normal and abnormal group. In addition, the correlations between each value and the severity score were assessed. Results : There were significantly higher troponin-I and CRP levels, not lactate, in the non-survivors than in the survivors at 10th day($1.018{\pm}2.58ng/ml$, $98.48{\pm}69.24mg/L$ vs. $4.208{\pm}10.23ng/ml$, $137.69{\pm}70.18mg/L$) (p<0.05). There were significantly higher troponin-I, lactate and CRP levels in the non-survivors than in the survivors on the 30th day ($0.99{\pm}2.66ng/ml$, $8.02{\pm}9.54ng/dl$, $96.87{\pm}68.83mg/L$ vs. $3.36{\pm}8.74ng/ml$, $15.42{\pm}20.57ng/dl$, $131.28{\pm}71.23mg/L$) (p<0.05). The mortality rate was significantly higher in the abnormal group of troponin-I, lactate and CRP than in the normal group of troponin-I, lactate and CRP at 10th day(28.1%, 31.6%, 18.9% vs. 11.0%, 15.8 %, 0%) and 30th day(38.6%, 47.4%, 25.8% vs. 15.9%, 21.7%, 14.3%) (p<0.05). Troponin-I and lactate were significantly correlated with the SAPS II score($r^2=0.254$, 0.365, p<0.05). Conclusion : Measuring the troponin-I, lactate and CRP levels upon admission may be useful for predicting the outcome of critically ill non-cardiac patients.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.66.1-66.8
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• 2022

Background: Prospective clinical study of blood lactate concentration in horses undergoing colic surgery is needed to determine utility in outcome prediction. Objectives: To evaluate venous lactate measurements in horses following colic surgery, including immediately after anesthetic recovery and daily throughout hospitalization, as well as to determine if lactate concentrations were significantly higher in horses that developed postoperative complications or did not survive to hospital discharge. Methods: Horses > 1 year of age undergoing surgery for colic and recovered from general anesthesia were sampled. A portable lactate meter was used to measure venous samples collected immediately following anesthetic recovery and daily throughout hospitalization. Complications arising during hospitalization and survival to hospital discharge were recorded. Results: Fifty one horses were enrolled, ranging in age from 2 to 29 years. Lactate concentration immediately following anesthetic recovery was higher in horses that developed complications during hospitalization (p = 0.046). The odds of developing complications postoperatively were doubled for horses with a venous lactate concentration > 5 mmol/L. Lactate measurements in non-survivors were significantly higher compared to survivors by 96 h postoperatively (p < 0.006). Conclusions: Higher venous lactate concentrations in the postoperative colic period were associated with an increased risk of complications and death. Results suggest horses with higher venous lactate measurements in recovery are more likely to have postoperative complications, with the odds of developing complications doubled for horses with a venous lactate > 5 mmol/L. Evaluation of venous lactate could provide information on prognosis in the postoperative period for horses with surgical colic.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.213-218
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• 2010

Lactate dehydrogenases (LDHs) have been highly focused for long time, due to their important roles in biochemical and metabolic pathways of cells. On the basis of genome-wide searching results, three putative LDH genes from Bacillus cereus ATCC 14579 genome have been PCR-amplified, cloned, and well-expressed in E. coli. All three BcLDH isozymes are supposed to share highly conserved catalytic amino acid residues in common $NAD^+$-dependent LDHs. Meanwhile, BcLDH1 consisting of 314 amino acids shares 86 and 49% of identities with BcLDH2 and 3, respectively. Interestingly, only BcLDH1 showed the converting activities between L-lactate and pyruvate in the presence of $NAD^+$ coenzyme, while the other isozymes are likely to have almost no activity. As a result, it was revealed that BcLDH1 can be a typical $NAD^+$-dependent L-lactate-specific dehydrogenase.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.241-247
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• 2015

Lactate and ketone bodies are considered biological markers for ketosis and several inherited metabolic disorders. In the current study, the specific ratios of lactate and ketone bodies as analytical tools for differential diagnosis of various lactic acidosis were devised. The study included a protein precipitation step following tert-butyldimethylsilyl derivatisation. Total run time was approximately 30 min including sample preparation and GS/MS analysis. The limits of detection were below 0.1 pg/mL over the targeted 4 analytes. The calibration curve was linear over the concentration range of $0.001{\sim}250{\mu}g/mL$ for pyruvate, beta-hydroxybutyrate, and acetoacetate ($R^2$ > 0.99). Inter-day accuracy and precision were 87.7~94.8% with RSD of 2.5~5.7% at 2 levels. Absolute recoveries (%) of target analytes were 87.0~98.4%. The method was validated for the quantification of lactate and ketone bodies for differentiation of lactic acidosis.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.38.1-38.16
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• 2024

Importance: Deaths due to neonatal calf diarrhea are still one of the most critical problems of cattle breeding worldwide. Determining the parameters that can predict diarrhea-related deaths in calves is especially important in terms of prognosis and treatment strategies for the disease. Objective: The primary purpose of this study was to determine mortality rates and durations, survival status, and predictive prognosis parameters based on vital signs, hematology, and blood gas analyses in neonatal diarrheic calves. Methods: The hospital automation system retrospectively obtained data from 89 neonatal diarrheic calves. Results: It was found that 42.7% (38/89) of the calves brought with the complaint of diarrhea died during hospitalization or after discharge. Short-term and long-term fatalities were a median of 9.25 hours and a median of 51.50 hours, respectively. When the data obtained from this study is evaluated, body temperature (℃), pH, base excess (mmol/L), and sodium bicarbonate (mmol/L) parameters were found to be lower, and hemoglobin (g/dL), hematocrit (%), lactate (mmol/L), chloride (mmol/L), sodium (mmol/L) and anion gap (mmol/L) parameters were found to be higher in dead calves compared to survivors. Accordingly, hypothermia, metabolic acidosis, and dehydration findings were seen as clinical conditions that should be considered. Logistic regression analysis showed that lactate (odds ratio, 1.429) and CI^- (odds ratio, 1.232) concentration were significant risk factors associated with death in calves with diarrhea. Conclusions and Relevance: According to the findings obtained from this study, the determination of lactate and Cl^- levels can be used as an adjunctive supplementary test in distinguishing calves with diarrhea with a good prognosis.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.561-565
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• 2005

In this study, we attempted to assess the effects of lactate and com steep liquor (CSL) on the production of bacterial cellulose (BC) by Gluconacetobacter persimmonis $KJ145^T$. The optimal condition for the production of BC was a lactate concentration of 1% (w/v) and a CSL concentration of 10% (w/v). Under these optimal conditions, 6 days of fermentation produced 6.90 g/L of BC. Both the BC production yield and cell growth increased continuously until the 20th day of fermentation, by which time 17.0 g/L had been produced. In a static culture trial, in which plastic containers were used as fermentation chambers for 6 days of fermentation, the BC production yield in the group initially cultured with 500 mL medium was higher than that of the 750 and 1000 mL media. In addition, the texture of the BC was examined according to its post-treatment in order to determine conditions for optimal textural characteristics. The strength, hardness, and other characteristics of the BC were negatively correlated with sucrose concentration, but were largely positively correlated with NaCl concentration. With regards to the effect of pH on textural change, BC strength and hardness were elevated at pH 2 and 8 but reduced at pH 4 and 6, indicating that the texture of the BC is extremely sensitive to treatment conditions.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.847-853
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• 2005

A total of 60 growth curves were generated with combinations of temperature, pH, and potassium lactate (PL) (60% (v/v) commercial solution) to determine the lag time (LT) and specific growth rate (SGR) of L. monocytogenes in broth. LT and SGR were significantly (P<0.05) affected by temperature, pH, concentration of PL, or the combined interaction of these factors. LT was extended and SGR was reduced significantly (P<0.05) by increased concentration of PL at lower temperature and pH. Listericidal effect was observed in the broth containing 2, 3, and 4% PL at pH 5.0 and $4^{\circ}C$. The antimicrobial activity of PL against L. monocytogenes increased when the pH of the medium was decreased at all temperatures tested. The results suggest that PL has antimicrobial properties to suppress the growth of L. monocytogenes. Potassium lactate has many potential applications as an antimicrobial additive in variety of refrigerated ready-to-eat foods.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.56 no.1
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• pp.1-3
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• 2013

Rhodiola sachalinensis A. Bor is a plant naturally grows in a high mountain areas. Aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of R.sachalinensis A. Bor extract against excessive exercise induced stress. R.sachalinensis A. Bor extract significantly inhibited L6 muscle cell death and ATP reduction caused by $H_2O_2$ damage. In addition, the oral administration of R. sachalinensis A. Bor extract in mice improved the 43.9% of treadmill running time and blood profiles of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, glutamic pyruvic transaminase, lactate dehydrogenase, creatinine, lactate when compared to distilled water. These results suggested that R. sachalinensis A. Bor can attenuate excessive exercise induced damage.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.172-180
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• 2002

The purpose of this paper was to make an analysis of anaerobic power in professional female basketball players using the Wingate Test Method with bicycle ergometer. Twenty-three subjects(age $21.6\pm2.8years$, body height $178.0\pm7.4cm$, body weight $70.3\pm7.4kg$) were selected from professional female basketball team whose careers were over 10years and participated in this investigation. Each subject peformed a Wingate anaerobic power test to determine total work, peak power, mean power, fatigue index and blood lactate concentration. The following were obtained from result data analysis; 1. The Total Work of athletes was a $1128.7\pm120.6watt$ 2. The Peak Power of athletes was a $449.5\pm53.1watt$ 3. The Mean Power of athletes was a $369.1\pm39.4watt$ 4. The Fatigue Index of athletes was a $33.5\pm6.9\%$ 5. The blood lactate concentration was $1.85\pm0.85mM/L$ at the normal state and $3.16\pm1.53mM/L$ at the after Wingate test. The blood lactate concentration was $6.96\pm0.81mM/L$ after 3 minute and $6.95\pm1.05mM/L$ after 5 minutes.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.45-52
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• 2004

Effects of dietary calcium lactate (CaL-A) and Chungkukjang (Korean native fermented soybean) on bone mass, calcium status, body weight, serum glucose and cholesterol levels in young male rats were investigated. Chungkukjang was fermented by mixing 4 types of Bacillus sp., and then dried at 45$^{\circ}C$. Calcium lactate was prepared from the ash of black snail. The rats were fed a commercial rat diet for 1 week and then the experimental diets for 4 weeks. Animals were divided into four dietary groups: one calcium-deficient diet (Ca-De) and one of three with calcium supplemented diets (5 g calcium/kg diet) with either calcium phosphate (Ca-P), CaL-A, or CaL-A + Chuntkukjang (CaL-AC). Calcium supplemented diets contained 39 g Ca-P/kg diet and 28 g/kg of calcium lactate in the CaL-A and CaL-AC diets. Body weight gains during the 4 weeks in the Ca-P, CaL-A, CaL-AC and Ca-De groups were 130.45 g,112.50 g, 143.40 g and 10.20 g, respectively. Feed consumption of the groups from high to low was CaL-AC > Ca-P > CaL-A > Ca-De. The Ca-De group had low femur weights and low serum calcium concentrations, while they were comparatively high in CaL-AC, Ca-P and CaL-A groups. The Ca-De groups excreted less calcium in urine than did the other rats, probably due to increased absorption of the mineral in Ca-P, CaL-A and CaL-AC groups. Microscopic observations revealed that there were many regularly spaced holes in the femur of Ca-De group, while there were much smaller regularly spaced holes in Ca-P group. However, no holes in femur were observed in the CaL-A and CaL-AC groups. Bone surfaces were especially smooth and clean in the CaL-AC group. Serum concentrations of glucose and total cholesterol were remarkably lower in the CaL-AC group than in the other supplemented groups. These results suggest that calcium from CaL-A has higher bioavailability than from Ca-P, and dietary Chungkukjang may have a beneficial effect on calcium metabolism.