• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제65권3호
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• pp.430-438
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• 2022

Objective : Dermoid cysts are uncommon in spinal cord tumors, and the phenomenon of their spontaneous rupture into the syrinx cavity is quite rare. We aimed to analyze the imaging characteristics and etiologies, and propose some surgical strategies, for this uncommon phenomenon. Methods : We retrospectively reviewed 14 cases with spinal dermoid cysts that ruptured into the cervical and thoracic syrinx cavity. There were six male and eight female cases, aged 21 to 46 years, who had lipid droplets in the syrinx cavity from C1 to L3. The dermoid cysts were always located at the conus. Based on patients' complaints, clinical manifestations, and imaging results, we adopted tumor excision and/or syrinx cavity aspiration in one stage or multiple stages. Results : Three patients had only a syrinx cavity aspiration surgery due to a history of dermoid cyst excision. Eight patients had dermoid cyst resection and syrinx cavity aspiration in one stage. One patient was operated upon in two stages due to the development of new symptoms at nine months follow-up. Two patients underwent only tumor resection since they did not show similar symptoms or signs caused by the cervicothoracic syrinx. The axial magnetic resonance imaging indicated that the lipid droplets were always not at the center but were eccentric. The clinical effect was satisfactory during the follow-up period in this group. Conclusion : The lipid droplets filled the spinal syrinx cavity, not entirely confined to the central canal. Based on the chief complaints and associated signs, we adopted different surgical strategies and had satisfactory clinical results.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.210-215
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• 2001

Objective: To investigate the efficacy of gadobenate dimeglumine (GdBOPTA) enhanced MR imaging for the detection of liver lesions in patients with primary malignant hepatic neoplasms. Materials and Methods: Thirty-one patients with histologically proven primary malignancy of the liver were evaluated before and after administration of GdBOPTA at dose 0.05 or 0.10 mmol/kg. T1-weighted spin echo (T1W-SE) and gradient echo (T1W-GRE) images were evaluated for lesion number, location, size and confidence by three off-site independent reviewers and the findings were compared to reference standard imaging (intraoperative ultrasound, computed tomography during arterial portography or lipiodol computed tomography). Results were analyzed for significance using a two-sided McNemar's test. Results: More lesions were identified on Gd-BOPTA enhanced images than on unenhanced images and there was no significant difference in lesion detection between either concentration. The largest benefit was in detection of lesions under 1 cm in size (7 to 21, 9 to 15, 16 to 18 for reviewers A, B, C respectively). In 68% of the patients with more than one lesion, Gd-BOPTA increased the number of lesions detected. Conclusion: Liver MR imaging after Gd-BOPTA increases the detection of liver lesions in patients with primary malignant hepatic neoplasm.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.351-354
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• 1993

Z-1-에칠-2-니트로-1-부텐일-(4'-메칠)-페닐 슬폰, C$_{13}$H$_{17}$NO$_4$S의 분자량은 283.4으로 a = 12.194(7), b = 7.290(4), c = 16.532(14)${\AA}$, ${\beta}$ = 103.4(2)$^{\circ}$, V = 1429.5 ${\AA}^3$, Z = 4, D$_c$ = 1.32 gcm$^{-3}$, ${\lambda}$(Mo K${\alpha}$) = 0.71069 ${\AA}$, ${\mu}$ = 2.2 cm$^{-1}$, F(000) = 600, T = 298 K으로 단사정계에 계속하여 P2$_1$/c의 공간군을 갖으며 1762rodml I > 1.0${\sigma}$(I)인 회절반점에 대하여 R=0.050이었다. 분자는 메칠벤젠고리에 결합된 S 원자와 NO$_2$기에 결합된 "치환된 부텐골격", C-C(S)=C(NO$_2$)-C으로 이뤄진 cis-형의 분자구조를 갖고 있다. 메칠벤젠고리와 치환된 부텐부분은 거의 평면으로 되어 있으며 그들 자신의 분자평면으로 부터의 각각의 최대편차는 벤젠기의 C(1) 원자의 0.018${\AA}$와 NO$_2$기의 N 원자의 0.045${\AA}$이다. 부텐골격의 평면은 메칠벤젠의 평면과 88.5$^{\circ}$를 또 NO$_2$기와의 평면은 78.6$^{\circ}$를 이루고 있다. 부텐평면으로부터의 NO$_2$기의 회전은 NO$_2$기가 가지고 있는 공명구조의 기여도를 감소하여 SO$_2$기의 O(2) 원자와 NO$_2$기의 O(3) 원자 사이에서 일어나는 반발로 그 거리가 2.8${\AA}$의 예상된 van der vaals 거리보다 긴 2.894 ${\AA}$로 되어 있다.

• 대한약리학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.103-114
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• 1995

일부 malignant tumor에 Pt-complex의 일상 응용 과정에서 신장독성등의 심한 부작용이 문제점으로 지적되고 있다. 이 연구에서는 기존의 cisplatin보다 항암효과는 우수하면서, 부작용을 감소시킨 새로운 Pt-complex의 개발에 역점을 두었다. 본 연구에서 합성한 Pt(Ⅱ) complex는 carrier ligand로서 1,2-diaminocyclohexane(dach)을 사용하였고, leaving group으로는 diophosphine류인 1,2-bisdiphenylphosphinoethane(DPPE)을 도입하였으며, 물에 대한 용해도를 높이기 위해 dinitrate로 만들었다. 새로이 합성한 [Pt(Ⅱ)(trans-d-dach)(DPPE)]$(NO_3)_2$는 원소 분석, IR 및 $^{13}C-NMR$ 분석 data에 의하여 위의 물질임이 확인되었다. MTT assay method에 의한 항암활성 연구를 통하여 P-388, L-1210 lymphocytic leukemia cell과 SK-OV3 난소암세포에서 항암효과가 인정되었으며, 이 항암효과는 대조 약물로 사용된 cisplatin과 유사하였다. 토끼의 신세뇨관 세포와 인체의 신피질 세포를 이용한 cytotoxity 및 thymidine 섭취율과 인체 신피질 조직 배양을 이용한 glucose consumption 실험을 통하여 모두 cisplatin보다 신장독성이 현저히 감소되었다. 이상의 결과로 보아 Pt(Ⅱ)complexes는 carrier ligand와 leaving group의 선택에 따라 항암활성의 증가와 신독성의 감소를 일으키는 요인으로 보여지며, 이 연구에서 만들어진 Pt(Ⅱ)complex는 앞으로 다각적인 검토를 거쳐 새로운 항암화학요법제로 개발될 가능성이 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제61권1호
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• pp.81-88
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• 2018

Objective : Spondylitis is often chemotherapy resistant and requires long-term treatment. Without adequate chemotherapy, the outcome can be fatal or result in severe neurologic damage. Therefore, differentiating the etiology of spondylitis is very important, particularly in spontaneous cases. As the prevalence of tuberculosis in Korea has decreased in recent years, updated clinical research about spondylitis is warranted. Methods : From April 2010 to March 2016, data from spondylitis patients were collected retrospectively. In total, 69 patients (51 with pyogenic spondylitis and 18 with tuberculous spondylitis) were included. Clinical data, laboratory findings including erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) level, measurements of Cobb angles at the initial and final follow-up, and radiologic features on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans were evaluated. To test differences between the pyogenic and tuberculous groups, numerical data were compared using the student's t-test and Mann-Whitney U test, and categorical data were compared using the chi-square test and Fisher's exact test. Results : The patients' mean age was 60.0 years. Male sex was slightly predominant (56.5%). There was no difference in mean age and sex between the two groups. The pyogenic group had a relatively higher proportion of immunocompromised patients. The peak CRP value was higher in the pyogenic group than in the tuberculous group (14.08 mg/dL and 8.50 mg/dL, respectively, p=0.009), whereas the ESR was not significantly different between the groups (81.5 mm/h and 75.6 mm/h, respectively, p=0.442). Radiologically, the presence of disc space sparing and vertebral body collapse differed between the groups. In the tuberculous group, the disc was more commonly preserved on contrast-enhanced MRI (50% and 23.5%, respectively, p=0.044), and vertebral body collapse was more common (66.6% and 15.7%, respectively, p<0.001). The mean length of hospitalization was longer in the pyogenic group (56.5 days and 41.2 days, respectively, p=0.001). Four mortality cases were observed only in the pyogenic group. The most commonly isolated microorganism in the pyogenic group was Staphylococcus aureus(S. aureus) (methicillin susceptible S. aureus and methicillin resistant S. aureus [MRSA] in 8 and 4 cases, respectively). Conclusion : The clinical and radiological manifestations of spontaneous spondylitis differ based on the causative organism. Pyogenic spondylitis patients tend to have a higher CRP level and a more severe clinical course, whereas tuberculous spondylitis patients present with destruction of the vertebral body with disc sparing more frequently. The presence of MRSA is increasing in community-acquired spondylitis cases.

• 대한약리학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.283-295
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• 1993

일부 malignant tumor에 Pt-complex의 임상 응용 과정에서 신장독성등의 심한 부작용이 문제점으로 지적되고 있다. 이 연구에서는 기존의 cisplatin보다 항암효과는 우수하면서, 부작용을 감소시킨 새로운 Pt-complex의 개발에 역점을 두었다. 본 연구에서는 합성한 Pt (II) complex는 carrier ligand로서 1, 2-diaminocyclohexane (dach)을 사용하였고, leaving group으로는 diphosphine류인 1, 3-bis (diphenylphosphine)의 propane (DPPP) 및 ethane (DPPE)을 도입하였으며, 물에 대한 용해도를 높이기 위해 dinitrate로 만들었다. 새로이 합성한 [Pt (II)-(trans-1-dach)(DPPP)] $(NO_3)_2$ 과 [Pt (II)(trans-1-dach)(DPPE)] $(NO_3)_2$ 는 원소 분석, IR 및 $^{13}C-NMR$ 분석 data에 의하여 위의 물질임이 확인되었다. KHPC-001과 KHPC-002는 MTT assay method에 의한 항암활성 연구를 통하여 P-388, L-1210 lymphocytic leukemia cell에서 항암효과가 인정되었으며, 이 항암효과는 대조 약물로 사용된 cisplatin에 비하여 우수하였다. KHPC-001과 KHPC-002는 토끼의 신세뇨관 세포와 인체의 신피질 세포를 이용한 cytotoxity 및 thymidine 섭취율과 인체 신피질 조직 배양을 이용한 glucose consumption 실험을 통하여 모두 cisplatin보다 신장독성이 현저히 감소되었다. 이상의 결과로 보아 Pt (II) complex는 carrier ligand와 leaving group의 선택에 따라 항암활성의 증가와 신독성의 감소를 일으키는 요인으로 보여지며, 이 연구에서 만들어진 두 Pt (II) complex는 앞으로 다각적인 검토를 거쳐 새로운 anticancer chemotherapeutic agent로 개발될 가능성이 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.67-73
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• 2016

최근 들어 전 세계적으로 무선전력전송이 많이 연구되고 있다. 무선 전력전송이란 전기기기가 전선이 없어도 무선으로 전력을 공급하는 기술이다. 본 논문에서는 ICT 기반의 무선전력전송 시스템을 설계, 제작하였다. 제안된 시스템은 기존 시스템보다 픽업코일에 접촉는 면적을 증대하여 같은 L값과 C값을 사용해도 효율이 높아질 수 있도록 설계하였다. 무선 전송의 송 수신부와 고효율의 코일부로 구성되어 있으며, 시스템의 전송 효율을 높이는 방법을 제안하였다. 특히 무선 송 수신부는 ICT 기술과 연동이 가능하도록 설계하여 실시간 원격 모니터링이 가능하도록 제작하였고, 대기전력을 절감하는 효과를 연구하였다. 이를 위하여 기업에서 무선전력전송 시스템에 사용된 IGBT소자의 최대 주파수 20[KHz]를 사용하여 이에 가장 적절한 L, C값을 찾기 위해 많은 필드실험을 통하여 가장 효율적인 L값 $23.9[{\mu}H]$, C값 $2.64[{\mu}F]$을 선정하여 시스템을 구성하였다. 또한 대기전력을 감소하기 위해 출력전류를 제어하는 알고리즘을 설계하여 적용하였다. 이 결과 기존의 장비보다 무선전력전송용량과 효율이 75[%]에서 80[%]로 전력전송 유효거리를 10[%] 증가하여 대기전력의 감소 및 유지보수 비용이 절감하였고, ICT 기술을 이용한 무선 송수신부 와 프로그램을 개발하여 사용자가 취득된 데이터로 시스템의 고장 검출을 쉽게 할 수 있게 하였다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.48-57
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• 2021

Background: Ginsenoside Rh2 is well known for many pharmacological activities, such as anticancer, antidiabetes, antiinflammatory, and antiobesity properties. Glycosyltransferases (GTs) are ubiquitous enzymes present in nature and are widely used for the synthesis of oligosaccharides, polysaccharides, glycoconjugates, and novel derivatives. We aimed to synthesize new ginsenosides from Rh2 using the recombinant GT enzyme and investigate its cytotoxicity with diverse cell lines. Methods: We have used a GT gene with 1,224-bp gene sequence cloned from Lactobacillus rhamnosus (LRGT) and then expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). The recombinant GT protein was purified and demonstrated to transform Rh2 into two novel ginsenosides, and they were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques and evaluated by 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2-5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Results: Two novel ginsenosides with an additional glucopyranosyl (6→1) and two additional glucopyranosyl (6→1) linked with the C-3 position of the substrate Rh2 were synthesized, respectively. Cell viability assay in the lung cancer (A549) cell line showed that glucosyl ginsenoside Rh2 inhibited cell viability more potently than ginsenoside Rg3 and Rh2 at a concentration of 10 μM. Furthermore, glucosyl ginsenoside Rh2 did not exhibit any cytotoxic effect in murine macrophage cells (RAW264.7), mouse embryo fibroblasts cells (3T3-L1), and skin cells (B16BL6) at a concentration of 10 μM compared with ginsenoside Rh2 and Rg3. Conclusion: This is the first report on the synthesis of two novel ginsenosides, namely, glucosyl ginsenoside Rh2 and diglucosyl ginsenoside Rh2 from Rh2 by using recombinant GT isolated from L. rhamnosus. Moreover, diglucosyl ginsenoside Rh2 might be a new candidate for treatment of inflammation, obesity, and skin whiting, and especially for anticancer.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권9호
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• pp.3595-3604
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• 2015

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been one of the most fatal malignant tumors worldwide and its associated morbidity and mortality remain of significant concern. Based on in-depth reviews of serological diagnosis of HCC, in addition to AFP, there are other biomarkers: Lens culinaris agglutinin-reactive AFP (AFP-L3), descarboxyprothrombin (DCP), tyrosine kinase with Ig and eprdermal growth factor (EGF) homology domains 2 (TIE2)-espressing monocytes (TEMs), glypican-3 (GPC3), Golgi protein 73 (GP73), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCCA) have been proposed as biomarkers for the early detection of HCC. The diagnosis of HCC is primarily based on noninvasive standard imaging methods, such as ultrasound (US), dynamic multiphasic multidetector-row CT (MDCT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Some experts advocate gadolinium diethyl-enetriamine pentaacetic acid (Gd-EOB-DTPA) MRI and contrast-enhanced US as the promising imaging madalities of choice. With regard to recent advancements in tissue markers, many cuting-edge technologies using genome-wide DNA microarrays, qRT-PCR, and proteomic and inmunostaining studies have been implemented in an attempt to identify markers for early diagnosis of HCC. Only less than half of HCC patients at initial diagnosis are at an early stage treatable with curative options: local ablation, surgical resection, or liver transplant. Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) is considered the standard of care with palliation for intermediate stage HCC. Recent innovative procedures using drug-eluting-beads and radioembolization using Yttrium-90 may exhibit beneficial effects in HCC treatment. During the past few years, several molecular targeted agents have been evaluated in clinical trials in advanced HCC. Sorafenib is currently the only approved systemic treatment for HCC. It has been approved for the therapy of asymptomatic HCC patients with well-preserved liver function who are not candidates for potentially curative treatments, such as surgical resection or liver transplantation. In the USA, Europe and particularly Japan, hepatitis C virus (HCV) related HCC accounts for most liver cancer, as compared with Asia-Pacific regions, where hepatitis B virus (HBV) may play a more important role in HCC development. HBV vaccination, while a vaccine is not yet available against HCV, has been recognized as a best primary prevention method for HBV-related HCC, although in patients already infected with HBV or HCV, secondary prevention with antiviral therapy is still a reasonable strategy. In addition to HBV and HCV, attention should be paid to other relevant HCC risk factors, including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease due to obesity and diabetes, heavy alcohol consumption, and prolonged aflatoxin exposure. Interestingly, coffee and vitamin K2 have been proven to provide protective effects against HCC. Regarding tertiary prevention of HCC recurrence after surgical resection, addition of antiviral treatment has proven to be a rational strategy.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.93-105
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• 1990

Semicarbazone formation of nine monosubstituted benzaldehydes was studied kinetically in 20% methanol buffer solution at 15, 25, 35, and $45^{circ}C$. The rate of p-nitrobenzaldehyde semicarbazone formation is 2.7 times as fast as that of benzaldehyde, while p-hvdroxybenzaldehyde is 3.6 times as slow as that of benzaldehyde. Activation energies for p-chlorobenzaldehyde, benzaldehyde, p-methylbenzaldehyde, p-methoxybenzaldshyde, p-hydroxybenzaldehyde, and p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde semicarbazone formation are calculated as 5.80, 6.19, 6.57, 7.06, 8.03, and 6.46 kcal/mol respectively. It is concluded from the effect of ionic strength that the reaction is affected by not ions but neutral molecules involving hydrogen bonding between oxygen atom of carbonyl group and hydrogen atom of acid-catalyst, and concerted attack of the necleophilic reagent, free base on carbonyl compound. Also, the effect of solvent composition is small in 20% and 50% methanol (and ethanol) aqueous solutions. The ${\rho}-{\sigma}$ plots for the rates of semicarbazone formation at pH 7.1 show a linear ${\rho}-{\sigma}$ relationship (${\rho}=0.14l$, in contrast to that at pH 2.75 and pH 5.4 corresponding to ${\rho}-{\sigma}$ correlations reparted by Jencks. The rate of semicarbazone formation at pH 5.4 show a relationship which is convex upward, resulting in a break in the curve but at pH 2.75, slight difference from a linear relationship. As a result of studying citric acid catalysis, second-order rate constants increase linearly with citric acid concentration and show a 2 times increase as the catalyst concentration is varied from 0.025 to 0.1 mol/1 at pH 2,9, but slight increase at pH 5.3. The rate-determining step is addition below pH 5 but is dehydration between pH 5 and 7. Conclusively, the rate-determining step of the reaction changes from dehydration to addition in respect to hydrogen ion activity near pH 5. The ortho: para rate ratio of the hydroxybenzaldehydes for semicarbazone formation is about 17 at $15^{\circ}C$. It is concluded that the results constitute strong evidence in favor of greater stabilization of p- than o-hydroxybenzaldehyde by substituent which donate electrons by resonance and is due to hydrogen bonding between the carbon-bound hydrogen of the-CHO group and the oxygen atom of the substituent.