• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.135-143
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• 1998

In order to study the general characteristics of reservoir and stream sediments, various analysis tests were conducted. Water contents and ignition loss were measured to know the primary sediment characteristics. The COD, total phosphorus and nitrogen were contained for the determination of organic substance content. For the purpose of establishing the contamination degree of heavy metals, some heavy metal contents were investigated. In heavy metal contents, reservoir sediments showed somewhat higer value than stream sediments. As a result, the reservoir sediment content of all analysis items were higher than stream sediment.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.137-143
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• 1987

Dominant genera of heterotrophic bacteria were investigated seasonally in Kum River estuarine sediments. Numerical taxonomy on the isolated heterotrophic bacteria were carried out according to their morphological, physiological, nutritional and biochemical characters. Heterotrophic bacteria in the depths of 0 to 10 cm of sampled sediments were almost facultative anaerobes, and 77.9% to 86.9% of them were Gram negative rods. Kominant genera among the isolates were Pseudomonas, Flavobacterium, Micrococcus, Cnterobacteria and Vibrio during sampling periods. According to their character analyses by similarity index(S), the isolates were clustered in fourteen groups at clay type sediments (Site 1) and four groups at sand type sediments (Site 2).

• 한국해양학회지
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.19-28
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• 1978

To estimate the chemical mass balance of several kinds of trace metals in sea water, suspended matter and bottom sediments, sixty samples from the Kum and Mankyung estuaries were analyzed. In both estuaries, the distribution patterns of leachabl suspended trace metals and of bottom sediments were established to be similar. The relationship between the metal concentration and clay content of the sediments was found to be such that the metal concentration increases with an increase in clay content. A linear correlation ws determined between pairs of leachable metals (Fe-Zn, Fe-Mn and Zn-Mn) in the Kum estuary. However, in the Mankyung estuary linear relationship does not exist. Finally, it is suggested that the trace metals are reworking in the Kum estuary and those in the Mankyung estuary are sinking.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.308-316
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• 1986

Vertical distribution of heterotrophic bacteria and physico-chemical characteristics were measuted in Kum River estuarine sediments. And interrelationship between heterotrophic bacterka and environmental factors was also studied. The type of sediment of Site 1 was silty clay, and sand at Site 2. Annual pH ranges were between 7.1 and 7.7 in the clay type sediment (Site 1) and 6.9-7.2 in the sand type sediment (Site 2). It was shown that organic matter contents were higher in the clay type sediment than those of sand type sediment. Redox potential values of sediments were decreased rapidly with depth at Site 1, but those of Sete 2 showed vertical fluctuation. Nitrogens(ammonia+amino acid-N, nitrate-N, nitrite-N) and phosphate in the clay type sediment showed higher values than those of sand type sediment. Annual distribution of heterotrophic bacteria were ranged $6.71{\times}10^4$ cells/g dry wt. $-2.50{\times}10^6$ cells/g dry wt. In the clay type sediment and $2.67{\times}10^3$ cells/g dry wt. $-1.94{\times}10^6$ cells/g dry wt. in the sand type sediment. Distribution of proteolytic, lipolytic, and amylolytic bacteria were decreased with the depth and the highest density was found in April and the lowest in January. Bacterial populations in sediments were closely correlated with such environmental factors as pH, redox potential, moisture content, organic matter contents, and inorganic nutrients such as nitrite-N and phosphate-P.

• Environmental Sciences Bulletin of The Korean Environmental Sciences Society
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.169-179
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• 1998

This paper was performed to estimate interrelations between humus level of sediments and nutrient release from sediments in Dae-cheong reservoir. For investigations, sediments were sampled in June and October, in 1997 at fish farms, embayment, and the main stream of Dae-cheong reservoir. Items for investigation are as follows; water content, weight loss on ignition(IG), porosities of sediments, contents of element such as hydrogen, nitrogen, carbon, and nutrient release rates. Water contents and porosities were measured to conjecture the physical trait and grain size trait. Weight loss on ignition was measured to determine the contents of organic substance. For determination of the humus level of sediments, carbon and nitrogen contents were measured by elemental analyzer. As a result of elemental analysis, C/N ratio was determined in the range of $3.0\~13.1$. From the elemental analysis, humus level of Dae-cheong reservoir sediment was estimated from mesohumic state to oligotrophic state. For the determination of nutrient release rate, $PO_4-P$ and $NH_4-N$ concentrations of interstitial water and overlying water were measured. By using the concentration difference between interstitial water and overlying water and using the Fick's diffusion law, the release rates of phosphorus and nitrogen from the sediment samples were calculated. Release rates of nutrients which directly influence to the water quality were $0.05\~8.63mgP/m^2day$ and $4.99\~36.56mgP/m^2day$. It was found that release rate was measured higher in the 1st sampling period than in the 2nd sampling period. For the determination of phosphorus content in sediment, TPs were measured in 807\~1542{\mu}g/g$ in the 1st samling period and $677\~5238{\mu}g/g$ in the End samling period. Phosphorus release rate and phosphorus content were not interrelated each other.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.87-93
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• 1991

Heavy metals, Cd, Pb, Cu, Mn, Zn in water, sediments and molluscs along coast line of Hwang-hae(Yellow sea)were examined. The collection sited werer close to esturies of Kum-gang and Mankyeong-Gang, where industries have been rapidly developed along the rivers in recent in recent years. Cadmium and lead in water were 0.32ppb and 4.12 ppb respectively on Kun-san, but not on Jang hang. In general, Cd, Pb, Mn and Zn were detected in the regions of mouth paart of rivers, whereas none or far less amounts were detected from Puan, a control site: 20km apart from estury of Mangyeong Gang. Cd and Pb in sediments of Kunsan were 0.46ppm and 9.31ppm respectively and 0.36ppm and 0.41ppm in Shim-po, but far less amounts in Byeon san.Heavy metals in shellfish were: Cd 0.78ppm and Pb 0.42ppm in Kun san, 0.74ppm and 0.74ppm in Shim po, and showed higher values compare to other sites. In general, heavy metal contamination of sedimets and molluscs in each are were correlated with grade of the water pollution due to heavy metals.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.143-153
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• 2000

This study was performed to investigate the heavy metal contents and distribution in soil, sediment, and rice from the downstream area of ManKyeong and DongJin River. Of the sites on Mankyeong river area, site M-1(Mokchon bridge) showed the highest average contents of Cd, Cr and Pb in paddy soil. In DongJin river area, site D-3(Munpo) and D-4(Gerjeonri) showed relatively high level of average contents of Cr, Pb and Zn in paddy soil. The average contents of heavy metals in brown rice from ManKyeong river area were 0.10mg/kg for Cd, 0.99mg/kg for Cr, 2.07mg/kg for Pb, 4.44mg/kg for Cu and 32.03mg/kg for Zn while those in brown rice from DongJin river area were 0.14mg/kg for Cd, 0.74mg/kg for Cr, 1.78mg/kg for Pb, 4.57mg/kg for Cu and 33.60mg/kg for Zn. Zn showed the highest transportation-rate from paddy soil to brown rice while Pb showed the lowest. From the results of heavy metal analysis in sediments, the average contents of Cd, Cr, Pb and Cu were generally high in site M-5(Euonri) and D-4(Gerjeonri), the most downstream sites in Mankyeong river and DongJin river, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.557-566
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• 1993

For the purpose of examining the distribution of organic matter in the nearshore surface sediments of Korea, organic carbon, nitrogen, ignition loss, chemical oxygen demand, phaeopigment and total sulphide for 117 surface sediments were measured and analyzed in February, 1993. Organic carbon and nitrogen contents ranged from $0.03\%\;to\;5.41\%$ (average $1.08\%$) and from $0.01\%\;to\;0.44\%$ (average $0.18\%$), respectively. The highest contents with the average $2.18\%$ organic carbon and $0.23\%$ nitrogen were found in the eastern part of the southern coast, while the lowest contents with the average $0.17\%$ organic carbon and $0.03\%$ nitrogen in Kunsan coastal area covering from Kum river to Dongjin river. The principal component analysis using all measured data distinguished the western coast from the eastern part of the southern coast clearly according to organic matter contents, that is, the degree of eutrophication in the sediments. Pusan harbor and the mouth of Masan Bay had high C/N ratio that might be resulted from the input of terrestrial sewage and industrial wastewater. A high concentration of total sulphide distinguished the surface sediment of Masan Bay from that of other areas.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.107-120
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• 1999

This study was performed to survey the general feature of reservoir sediment in Daecheong, Sapkyo and Kumkang reservoir. For investigations, sediments were sampled at four sites in Dae-Cheong and two sites in SapKyo and Kumkang in June and October. The items for investigation are as follows; water content, loss on ignition(IG), porosity of sediment, contents of element such as hydrogen, nitrogen, carbon, phosphorus contents and nutrient release rates. Loss on ignition was measured to determine the contents of organic substance. And its ranges were determined 2.4~16.2% in Daecheong reservoir, 5.6~27.9% in Sapkyo and 4.8~18.7% in Kumkang reservoir. And, total phosphorus contents in sediments were measured $677{\sim}5,238{\mu}g/g$ in Daecheong, $780{\sim}1,417{\mu}g/g$ in Sapkyo and $604{\sim}1,452{\mu}g/g$ in Kumkang reservoir. And release rates of nutrients were calculated $0.05{\sim}8.63mgP/m^2day$ and $4.99{\sim}36.56mgN/m^2day$ in Daecheong, $1.83{\times}10^{-3}{\sim}3.23{\times}10^{-2}mgP/m^2day$ and $1.97{\sim}.22mgN/m^2day$ in Sapkyo, $8.31{\times}10^{-3}{\sim}6.51{\times}10^{-2}mgP/m^2day$ and $0.89{\sim}4.42mgN/m^2day$ in Kumkang reservoir, respectively. And this study attempted to determine the humus level of sediments. As a result of elemental analysis, C/N ratio was determined 3.0~13.1 in Daecheong reservoir, 6.5~13.0 in Sapkyo and 3.6~12.6 in Kumkang reservoir, respectively. From the elemental analysis, humus levels of reservoirs were changed from mesohumic to oligohumic state in all reservoirs.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.377-387
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• 2001

In order to elucidate sedimentation processes and depositional environments in transitional area between continental shelf and coastal zone, sedimentologic study has been done with 84 surface sediments sampled in nearshore/offshore off the mid-western coast of the Korean Peninsula for 3 years (1996${\sim}$1999). The surface sediment can be classified into 4 facies (gravelly sand, sand, silty sand and sandy silt). Mean grain size, sorting, skewenss and kurtosis varies -0.39${\sim}7.82{\Phi}$, 0.36${\sim}4.68{\Phi}$, -0.38${\sim}$0.86, -1.56${\sim}$3.43, respectively. The textural parameters show a finer-grained and poorly-sorted trend shoreward, northward and southward from the central part of the study area. The positively-skewed distribution and relationship of each textural parameters indicate a tide-dominated depositional environment. According to C/M diagram, there are 3 different domains (mode A, B, C) of sediment transport mode. The northern part is characterized by bedload transport (mode A) and represents co-influence of wave and tide, whereas domain C in the southern part is controlled by uniform suspension transport (mode C), correlating with sandy-silt area. In the broad middle area, transport processes are complex (the mixture of bedload, graded suspension and uniform suspension; mode B). Hence, the subdivision depositional environments of this study area may be classified by 3 depositional environments dependent on the interplay of sediment supplies from river, relict sediments and hydrologic conditions. In results, the nearshore and offshore areas are thus characterized as a mixing zone between coastal terrigenous sediments and relict sediments in the continental shelf by complex processes (tide, wave and river flow). These sedimentation processes play an important role in producing distinct sedimentologic features in the transitional zone linking coastal and shelfal areas.