• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.44-54
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• 1993

This experiment was conducted to understand the environmental factors affecting growth and tuber formation such as temperature, day length, tight intensity, water condition and cutting time of Eleocharis kuroguwai Ohwi. Plant height, shoot number and dry weight of E. kuroguwai were higher at high temperature, 25/$25^{\circ}C$ (day/night), while nitrogen content was higher at low temperature, 20/$15^{\circ}C$. Plant height was more affected by water temperature, while shoot number and dry weight were more affected by air temperature. Contents and absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in top parts of E. kuroguwai were higher under greater difference between air and water temperatures, i.e., 18/$28^{\circ}C$ and 28/$18^{\circ}C$. The number and weight of tubers were increased under greater difference between air and water temperatures, i.e, 18/$28^{\circ}C$ and 28/$18^{\circ}C$, while they were inhibited at low or high air/water temperatures (18/$18^{\circ}C$ or 28/$28^{\circ}C$). Tubers of E. kuroguwai were formed at 8-or 12-hour day length, however, no tuber was formed at l6-hour day length. Photoinductive period for tuber initiation of E. kuroguwai was between 30 and 45 days after emergence, and the induction period of short-day treatment was less than 10 days. Tuber number and weight were reduced by shading due to inhibition of the growth of top and underground parts. Number of days from planting to tuber initiation was shortned as planting time was delayed and plant height, dry weight, and tuber number were also reduced by delayed planting. Tuber number at l0 to 15cm water depth was decreased 63 to 75% as compared with 1 to 5cm water depth. Tuber number and dry weight were not affected by the size of tubers at planting. Due to the reduced growth of top and underground parts, tuber number and dry weight of E. kuroguwai were decreased by delayed shoot cutting. The critical cutting time to inhibit the growth of E. kuroguwai was about 70 days after emergence.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.796-804
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• 2015

The present study investigated the plant growth characteristics, dormancy breaking, yield, and biological activity properties (contents of flavonoid and phenolic compounds, nitrite scavenging activity, and the survival rate of lung cancer) of four asparagus cultivars. It aimed to examine selection possibilities for high efficacy cultivar to promote biological activity in asparagus cultivation in South Korea. The results showed that the number of asparagus buds and root fresh and dry weight of 'Jersey Giant', 'Jersey Supreme', and 'NJ953' were higher than those of 'UC157' cultivar, and there were no differences in the number of roots. The dormancy breaking period of 'Jersey Supreme' was prolonged compared to the other cultivars. 'Jersey Giant' and 'NJ953' had more total spears, and greater spear diameter, and yield than other cultivars. Total flavonoid content was unaffected by cultivar and was higher in ethanol extraction than in hot water extraction. Total phenolic compound content was the lowest in 'NJ953' for both hot water and ethanol extracts, whereas in the ethanol extraction, 'UC157' had the highest, with $39.23mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$. 'Jersey Giant', 'Jersey Supreme', and 'NJ953' all showed greater than 70% nitrite scavenging activity. In the case of ethanol extraction, the survival rates of lung cancer in extracts from 'Jersey Giant', 'Jersey Supreme', and 'UC157' were lower than 'NJ 953' cultivar, regardless of extraction concentration. The survival rate of lung cancer was lower in hot water extraction than in ethanol extraction, so that the consumption of asparagus is also expected to be helpful in preventing lung cancer. The growth characteristics and biological activity effects of edible asparagus that were identified in the present study are expected to be useful in selection of high efficacy cultivars for biological activity and utilization.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.155-164
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• 2012

The chemical components in different parts of Artemisia argyi was investigated to provide industrial possibilities as functional foods The analysis result of proximate composition in leaves, stems and roots of Artenisia argyi was substantially as follows. The crude protein contents were 19.87, 6.14 and 5.68%, the crude lipid contents were 4.56, 1.30 and 1.20%, the crude fiber contents were 16.80, 29.70 and 29.45%, respectively. The major mineral components in Artemisia argyi were potassium, calcium and magnesium. Contents of potassium and calcium in leaves were 4,270.24 and 617.64 mg/100 g, respectively, they were more than double the contents of root. Sucrose and glucose as main free sugars were detected in the leaves and roots. However, glucose and fructose were identified in the stem. Total amino acids showed 17 amino acids. Contents of total amino acid in the leaves was the highest as 4,864.11mg/100g, and the stems and roots showed 1,953.99 and 1,601.73mg/100g, respectively. The major amino acids in the leaves and stems were proline(963.91 and 407.52mg/100g) and aspartic acid(577.38 and 299.17mg/100g), respectively. Glutamic acid(206.34mg/100g) and arginine(193.23mg/100g) were main amino acids in the roots. The major fatty acids in all parts were linoleic acid($C_{18:2}$), behenic acid($C_{22:0}$), and palmitic acid($C_{16:0}$). Eupatilin(35.0mg/100g) and jaceosidin (107.63mg/100g) as physiological compounds contents were higher in leaves than other parts.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.56 no.6
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• pp.871-877
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• 2018

Storing the surplus energy from renewable energy resource is one of the challenges related to intermittent and fluctuating nature of renewable energy electricity production. $CO_2$ methanation is well known reaction that as a renewable energy storage system. $CO_2$ methanation requires a catalyst to be active at relatively low temperatures ($250-500^{\circ}C$) and selectivity towards methane. In this study, the catalytic performance test was conducted using a pressurized bubbling fluidized bed reactor (Diameter: 0.025 m and Height: 0.35 m) with $Ni/{\gamma}-Al_2O_3$ (Ni70%, and ${\gamma}-Al_2O_3$30%) catalyst. The range of the reaction conditions were $H_2/CO_2$ mole ratio range of 4.0-6.0, temperature of $300-420^{\circ}C$, pressure of 1-9 bar, and gas velocity ($U_0/U_{mf}$) of 1-5. As the $H_2/CO_2$ mole ratio, temperature and pressure increased, $CO_2$ conversion increases at the experimental temperature range. However, $CO_2$ conversion decreases with increasing gas velocity due to poor mixing characteristics in the fluidized bed. The maximum $CO_2$ conversion of 99.6% was obtained with the operating condition as follows; $H_2/CO_2$ ratio of 5, temperature of $400^{\circ}C$, pressure of 9 bar, and $U_0/U_{mf}$ of 1.4-3.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.23-30
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• 2021

In this study, we measured the concentration of particulate matter (PM) and ammonia (NH3) emission in the winters according to the breeding type of laying hen houses. Measurements were performed thrice in Barn, Aviary, and Cage houses every 2 weeks from December to January. The changes in the PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations were similar in all three breeding types. The PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations, measured three times, were the highest in the Aviary house. In the results measured by time, the PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations were the lowest during the dark period (22:00 to 4:00) of the day. The NH3 concentration was the highest in the Cage house and the lowest in the Barn house. Regarding emissions over time, the results of the three measurements showed different patterns and differed from those of the PM. In addition, with passage of time from the 1st (december) to 3rd (january), the NH3 concentration gradually increased. The daily PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations in the Aviary house, which were higher than those of the other houses, were 4,787 ㎍/㎥ and 388.6 ㎍/㎥, respectively, while, the PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations outside the poultry houses were 226.0 ㎍/㎥ and 39.3 ㎍/㎥, respectively. The daily NH3 concentration was 7.70 ppm and 9.20 ppm at the center and end of the Cage house, respectively. This was higher than that in the other houses. In conclusion, the concentrations of PM (PM10, PM2.5) and NH3 were the highest in the Aviary and Cage laying hen houses, respectively.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.299-305
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• 2003

Purpose: In order to develop the national guide-lines for the standardization of radiotherapy we are planning to establish a web-based, on-line data-base system for laryngeal cancer. As a first step this study was performed to accumulate the basic clinical information of laryngeal cancer and to determine the items needed for the data-base system. Materials and Methods: We analyzed the clinical data on patients who were treated under the diagnosis of laryngeal cancer from January 1998 through December 1999 In the South-west area of Korea. Eligiblity criteria of the patients are as follows: 18 years or older, currently diagnosed with primary epithelial carcinoma of larynx, and no history of previous treatments for another cancers and the other laryngeal diseases. The items were developed and filled out by radiation oncologlst who are members of forean Southwest Radiation Oncology Group. SPSS vl0.0 software was used for statistical analysis. Results: Data of forty-five patients were collected. Age distribution of patients ranged from 28 to 88 years(median, 61). Laryngeal cancer occurred predominantly In males (10 : 1 sex ratio). Twenty-eight patients (62$\%$) had primary cancers in the glottis and 17 (38$\%$) in the supraglottis. Most of them were diagnosed pathologically as squamous cell carcinoma (44/45, 98$\%$). Twenty-four of 28 glottic cancer patients (86$\%$) had AJCC (American Joint Committee on Cancer) stage I/II, but 50$\%$ (8/16) had In supraglottic cancer patients (p=0.02). Most patients(89$\%$) had the symptom of hoarseness. indirect laryngoscopy was done in all patients and direct laryngoscopy was peformed in 43 (98$\%$) patients. Twenty-one of 28 (75$\%$) glottic cancer cases and 6 of 17 (35$\%$) supraglottic cancer cases were treated with radiation alone, respectively. The combined treatment of surgery and radiation was used in 5 (18$\%$) glottic and 8 (47$\%$) supraglottic patients. Chemotherapy and radiation was used in 2 (7$\%$) glottic and 3 (18$\%$) supraglottic patients. There was no statistically significant difference in the use of combined modality treatments between glottic and supraglottic cancers (p=0.20). In all patients, 6 MV X-ray was used with conventional fractionation. The iraction size was 2 Gy In 80$\%$ of glottic cancer patients compared with 1.8 Gy in 59$\%$ of the patients with supraglottic cancers. The mean total dose delivered to primary lesions were 65.98 ey and 70.15 Gy in glottic and supraglottic patients treated, respectively, with radiation alone. Based on the collected data, 12 modules with 90 items were developed or the study of the patterns of care In laryngeal cancer. Conclusion: The study Items for laryngeal cancer were developed. In the near future, a web system will be established based on the Items Investigated, and then a nation-wide analysis on laryngeal cancer will be processed for the standardization and optimization of radlotherapy.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.77-87
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• 1971

A study of the knowledge, attitude and practices about the maternal and child health of 305 married women residing in apartments at the Yonsei Community Health area was conducted during the period from November to December 1970 using designed questionnaire with well trained interviewers. The results and findings obtained from the study are summarized as follows: A. Pregnancy and Birth Questions were asked about their last child. 1. 16.4% of the women were pregnant. 2. Among 281 women who had experienced delivery, 48.0% were assisted by doctor or midwisves for their last delivery, while the rest of women delivered their last baby at home without any professional's assistance. The higher the level of education or the greater exposure to mass communication, the more the deliveries were assisted by doctors or midwives. Those women who were born and raised in cities had more deliveries assisted by doctors and midwives than those who were not. 3. Kinds of delivery sheets used. Among 141 cases of home delivery 68% used cement bag paper or vinyl sheets. Three% used nothing and remained used unsterile materials. 4. Among 141 cases of home delivery, 70.2% used scissors. The rest of them used other methods. 5. 47.3% of the women had a rest for one month or more after birth. The higher the level of education, the longer the period of rest was observed. 6. 52.4% of the women fed the colostrum to their babies. This was not related to the mother's education. 7 About half(42.9%) of the women had poor knowledge about a proper diet for the pre and post natal period. B. Child Health 1. Knowledge and practice regarding to the immunization for their children: Most of the women (93.2%) could name at least one kind of immunization. 20.3% could name 6 kinds of immunization. Mothers education level did not influence their ability to name immunizations. 85.2% of children had been immunized at least once. 2. Morbidity of last born children: 48.1% of their last born children were found to have been sick during the last year. Less than half(41.5%) of the sick children were seen by doctor. 3. Counselling at well baby clinic: Most of the women(76.5%) had no counselling for their children. Registration rate at the well baby clinic at the Severance Hospital was 13.2%. 45.9% wanted to visit to the well baby clinic at the Severance Hospital. 4. Weaning Period: 44.6% said that the beginning of the weaning for their last born children was from 6 months to twelve months of age. The most important reason of weaning was the health of both mothers and children. 5. Knowledge and Practice regarding birth and death Registration: 64.6% of the women could name correctly the Ku-office as the place for the registration. Only 29.2% registered the birth of their last born children within 14 days. C. Knowledge, Attitude and Practice regarding to family planning Most: of the women accepted the idea of family planning. 97.7% could name at least one contraceptive method. 35.4% were found to be current users of contraceptive methods. The ideal number of children was 3.1 in average.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.28 no.7
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• pp.762-774
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate misconceptions about plate tectonics which spread widely among freshmen at high school with drawing. For this, we chose 6 conceptions about plate tectonics by analysis of 7th curriculum and of 11 kinds of science textbooks. Questionnaire of drawing about plate tectonics were developed depending on them. Data was collected from 134 students who was freshmen at high school in Daegu. The result of this study was as follows. First, In structure of plate, 'upper mantle type' and 'crust type' misconceptions were more than half of the respondents. Second, In distribution of plate, 'cracked earthquake zone type' and 'earthquake frequency type' misconceptions were more than half of the respondents. Third, In formation of ocean ridge at oceanic crust- oceanic crust divergent plate boundary, 'divergence type' and 'collision type' misconceptions were more than half of the respondents. Fourth, In formation of mountain ridge at continental crust- continental crust convergent plate boundary, 'collision type' misconceptions were more than half of the respondents. Fifih, In formation of mountain ridge at oceanic crust- continental crust convergent plate boundary, 'subduction type' and 'fault type' misconceptions were more than half of the respondents. Sixth, In transform-fault at oceanic crust- oceanic crust transform-fault boundary, 'direction type' and 'section type' misconceptions were almost half of the respondents. In this study, students' drawings about plate tectonics showed similar misconceptions. This imply that drawing conceptions can be used by the strong evidence of misconceptions which spread widely among students. Furthermore, this study has a significance that this conclusion is useful to teachers as basic teaching-teaming materials of plate tectonics.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.48 no.11
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• pp.1225-1231
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• 2005

Purpose : This study compares the first epileptic seizures between preterm and term-born children with periventricular leukomalacia and epilepsy. Methods : From 108 cases having lesions of high signal intensity around the ventricles in T2 weighted imaging of a brain magnetic resonance study, we selected 37 cases that showed epileptic seizures two times or more and divided them into the group of preterm-born(27 cases) and term-born children(10 cases). A retrospective study was made by comparing the two groups with regard to age, type of the first epileptic seizures, EEG findings and responsiveness to anticonvulsants. Results : The age of the first epileptic seizure was $22.2{\pm}18.3$ months in the preterm-born group and $26.9{\pm}21.1$ months in the term-born group(P=0.505). As for the first epileptic seizure, 11 out of the 27 cases in the preterm-born group had infantile spasms. Out of the 10 cases in the term-born group, 7 had complex partial seizures. In the preterm group, hypsarrhythmias were found in 11 cases, focal epileptiform discharges in 6 cases. In term-born group, focal epileptiform discharges were found in 5 cases but no epileptiform discharge was found in 3 cases. Intractable epilepsies were diagnosed in 6 cases and all of them belonged to the preterm-born group. Conclusion : More severe epilepsies such as infantile spasm and intractable epilepsies seem to be more common in preterm-born epileptic children with PVL as well as more severely abnormal EEG finding compared to term-born epileptic children.

• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.114-120
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the usefulness and the stability of the superficial medial collateral ligament (MCL) release in posterior medial meniscus root repair. Materials and Methods: We compared 20 patients who underwent posterior medial meniscus root repair with superficial MCL preserved (PM) and 32 patients who underwent posterior medial meniscus root repair combined with superficial MCL release (RM) from April 2006 to September 2010. We excluded the patients combined with other surgery. To evaluate the postoperative valgus instability in RM group, we examined direct tenderness on MCL insertion, the subjective feeling of instability and valgus stress test at 3 months and 1 year follow-up. We compared the tourniquet time between PM group and RM group, and the clinical results were assessed by Lysholm score and International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) for the usefulness. Results: All patients had no clinically significant complication related to the superficial MCL release. Three months and 1 year follow-up, there were no positive tenderness test, no subjective symptoms and no significant increase of valgus instability although 5 patients examined grade I valgus instability. The mean tourniquet time was $41.3{\pm}12.7$ minutes in RM group and $53.5{\pm}13.6$ minutes in PM group. There was a significant difference in the tourniquet time between the two groups (P<0.05). Average Lysholm score was $56.8{\pm}5.5$ (range, 44-70) preoperatively and $85.1{\pm}5.8$ (range, 77-94) postoperatively in PM group, and was $56.2{\pm}5.4$ (range, 45-67) preoperatively and $87.4{\pm}3.9$ (range, 82-95) postoperatively in RM group (P<0.001). No significant difference of Lysholm score was found in both groups (P<0.05). Average IKDC scores was $42.6{\pm}3.9$ (range, 30-53) preoperatively and $77.2{\pm}6.3$ (range, 68-92) postoperatively in PM group, and was $42.7{\pm}5.7$ (range, 30-53) preoperatively and $89.6{\pm}2.9$ (range, 84-95) postoperatively in RM group (P<0.05). There was also no significant difference of IKDC score in both groups (P<0.05). Conclusion: The superficial MCL release in posterior medial meniscus root repair is useful to gain a wide surgical field and reduces the tourniquet time and does not lead to postoperative valgus instability. It can be considered clinically useful and safe procedure in medial meniscus posterior root repair.