• 치위생과학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.288-293
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• 2019

Background: Dental caries is one of several prevalent oral diseases caused by dental plaque biofilms. This study evaluated the anti-cariogenic effects of a bamboo salt (BS) and sodium fluoride (NaF) mixture on oral bacteria. Methods: The effects of several mixtures of NaF and BS on acid production, growth, and adhesion to glass beads of Streptococcus mutans, and their anti-cariogenic properties were investigated. The growth of S. mutans was measured according to optical density at 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, and 24 hours after treatment using spectrophotometry at a wavelength of 600 nm, while pH was measured using a pH meter. Adhesion of S. mutans was measured according to the weight of glass beads from each group before and after incubation. Gene expression was measured using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Acid production and growth patterns of S. mutans were compared using repeated measures analysis of variance, followed by Scheffe's post-hoc test. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare adhesion, followed by the Mann-Whitney test. Gene expression in the experimental and control samples was compared using the Student's t-test. Results: Growth, acid production, and adhesion of S. mutans were inhibited in all experimental groups. Expression of gft and fructosyltransferase in S. mutans was inhibited in all groups. A mixture of NaF and BS significantly reduced growth, acid production, adhesion, and gene expression of S. mutans compared with the other groups. Conclusion: Results of the present study demonstrated that a mixture of NaF and BS was useful as a mouth rinse in preventing dental caries.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.413-422
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• 2004

Established microleakage tests have their own disadvantages. In this study, 3D reconstruction method was tried to overcome these disadvantages. Four types of microleakage tests were used and relationships among them were estimated: penetrated dye volume: marginal adaptability: degree of dye penetration and relative penetrated length to cavity wall. Twenty-four Class V cavities were bulk filled with composite (Esthet X) following surface treatments: N group (no treatment): E group (etching only): T group (etching + Prime & Bond NT). 50% silver nitrate was used as a dye solution after thermocycling ($5^{\circ}C{\;}&{\;}55^{\circ}C$, 1.000 times). Teeth were serially ground with a thickness of 0.2 mm. Volume of dye penetration was estimated from a three-dimensionally reconstructed image with a software (3D-DOCTOR). Percentage of margin without gap was estimated from SEM and degree of dye penetration and the relative length of dye penetration to overall cavity wall were also estimated. ANOVA and Scheffe test for dye volume, Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney test for marginal quality, Spearman's rho test for checking of relationships among methods were used. The results were as follows: 1. Dye penetration could be seen from several directions, furthermore, its volumetric estimation was possible. 2. Reverse relationship was found between dye volume and marginal quality (r = -0.881/ p = 0.004). 3. Very low relationship was seen between dye volume and two-dimensional tests (degree of dye penetration and relative length). However, 2D evaluation methods showed high relationship (p = 0.002-0.054) each other. 4. Three times vertical section could be recommended as a 2D test.

• 한국산학기술학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국산학기술학회 2012년도 춘계학술논문집 1부
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• pp.22-24
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• 2012

The tools that classify the severity of patients based on the prediction of mortality include APACHE, SAPS, and MPM. Theses tools rely crucially on the evaluation of patients' general clinical status on the first date of their admission to ICU. Nursing activities are one of the most crucial factors influencing on the quality of treatment that patients receive and one of the contributing factors for their prognosis and safety. The purpose of this study was to identify the goodness-of-fit of CPSCS of critical patient severity classification system(CPSCS) and Glasgow coma scale(GCS) and the clinical usefulness of its death rate prediction. Data were collected from the medical records of 187 neurological patients who were admitted to the ICU of C University Hospital. The data were analyzed through $x^2$ test, t-test, Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis, goodness-of-fit test, and ROC curve. In accordance with patients' general and clinical characteristics, patient mortality turned out to be statistically different depending on ICU stay, endotracheal intubation, central venous catheter, and severity by CPSCS. Homer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit tests were CPSCS and GCS and the results of the discrimination test using the ROC curve were $CPSCS_0$, .734, $GCS_0$,.583, $CPSCS_{24}$,.734, $GCS_{24}$, .612, $CPSCS_{48}$,.591, $GCS_{48}$,.646, $CPSCS_{72}$,.622, and $GCS_{72}$,.623. Logistic regression analysis showed that each point on the CPSCS score signifies1.034 higher likelihood of dying. Applied to neurologically ill patients, early CPSCS scores can be regarded as a useful tool.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.241-247
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• 2013

PURPOSE. To evaluate the effect of various metal oxides on impact strength (IS), fracture toughness (FT), water sorption (WSP) and solubility (WSL) of heat-cured acrylic resin. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Fifty acrylic resin specimens were fabricated for each test and divided into five groups. Group 1 was the control group and Group 2, 3, 4 and 5 (test groups) included a mixture of 1% $TiO_2$ and 1% $ZrO_2$, 2% $Al_2O_3$, 2% $TiO_2$, and 2% $ZrO_2$ by volume, respectively. Rectangular unnotched specimens ($50mm{\times}6.0mm{\times}4.0mm$) were fabricated and drop-tower impact testing machine was used to determine IS. For FT, compact test specimens were fabricated and tests were done with a universal testing machine with a cross-head speed of 5 mm/min. For WSP and WSL, disc-shaped specimens were fabricated and tests were performed in accordance to ISO 1567. ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used for statistical analyses. RESULTS. IS and FT values were significantly higher and WSP and WSL values were significantly lower in test groups than in control group (P<.05). Group 5 had significantly higher IS and FT values and significantly lower WSP values than other groups (P<.05) and provided 40% and 30% increase in IS and FT, respectively, compared to control group. Significantly lower WSL values were detected for Group 2 and 5 (P<.05). CONCLUSION. Modification of heat-cured acrylic resin with metal oxides, especially with $ZrO_2$, may be useful in preventing denture fractures and undesirable physical changes resulting from oral fluids clinically.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.233-240
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• 2020

Background: Palatal injection of local anesthetics is the most painful injection. To obviate the need for palatal injections, local anesthetic agents with diffusibility are being investigated. Hence the present study was designed to analyze the anesthetic efficacy of 2% lidocaine hydrochloride (HCl) with 1:100,000 adrenaline and 4% articaine hydrochloride (HCl) with 1:100,000 adrenaline using single buccal infiltration for the extraction of maxillary premolars. Methods: A prospective, double-blind, crossover, randomized clinical study was performed on 60 consecutive systemically healthy patients with an age range of 15-30 years, requiring extraction of asymptomatic bilateral maxillary premolars for orthodontic purposes. They received 1ml buccal infiltration of 4% articaine HCl with 1:100,000 adrenaline on one side and 2% lidocaine HCl with 1:100,000 adrenaline on the other side. The extraction procedure on either side was scheduled 14 days apart. Parameters assessed were the time of onset of anesthesia, intraoperative discomfort, hemodynamic parameters, and the duration of analgesia. Analysis of the data was done using the Mann-Whitney test, the Wilcoxon test, the Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA test, and the chi-square test. Statistical significance was established at P < 0.05. Results: Articaine showed a faster time of onset and longer duration of analgesia than lidocaine. However, the difference in the intraoperative discomfort and hemodynamic parameters was statistically insignificant. Conclusion: Within the limitations of the study, it can be concluded that the extraction of maxillary premolars can be performed with a single buccal infiltration of 2% lidocaine HCl with 1:100,000 adrenaline, which is one of the most commonly used local anesthetic agent.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.21-32
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify whether task-related circuit exercise program combined with sensorimotor training for 4 weeks could improve the balance and gait in stroke patients. Method: Fifteen stroke patients who had agreed with the study were randomly divided into 3 groups categorized as task-related circuit exercise program combined with sensorimotor training group (experimental group 1, n=5), task-related circuit exercise program group (experimental group 2, n=5), and control subjects performed conventional physical therapy (control group, n=5). The balance and gait were assessed by BT-4 force platform system, Berg Balance Scale, 10meter Walk Test and Smart Step at before training and after training. Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to analyze change before and after intervention in intra-group. Kruskal Wallis H test, Mann-Whitney U test and Bonfferoni correction were used to analyze changes of all variables in inter-groups. Result: The experimental group 1 showed significant improvements in postural sway area, BBS scores, walking velocity and plantar pressures of affected foot, whereas the experimental group 2 showed significant improvements in BBS scores, and the control group were no significantly different in all variables following training. The changes of postural sway area and BBS scores in the experimental group 1 were significantly greater than them of the control group. The changes of postural sway area in the experimental group 1 was significantly greater than that of the experimental group 2. Conclusion: The result of this study suggest the task-related circuit exercise program combined with sensorimotor training is an effective intervention to improve balance and gait in stoke patients.

• 한국화재소방학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국화재소방학회 2012년도 춘계학술발표회 초록집
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• pp.190-193
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• 2012

The tools that classify the severity of patients based on the prediction of mortality include APACHE, SAPS, and MPM. Theses tools rely crucially on the evaluation of patients' general clinical status on the first date of their admission to ICU. Nursing activities are one of the most crucial factors influencing on the quality of treatment that patients receive and one of the contributing factors for their prognosis and safety. The purpose of this study was to identify the goodness-of-fit of CPSCS of critical patient severity classification system(CPSCS) and Glasgow coma scale(GCS) and the clinical usefulness of its death rate prediction. Data were collected from the medical records of 187 neurological patients who were admitted to the ICU of C University Hospital. The data were analyzed through $x^2$ test, t-test, Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis, goodness-of-fit test, and ROC curve. In accordance with patients' general and clinical characteristics, patient mortality turned out to be statistically different depending on ICU stay, endotracheal intubation, central venous catheter, and severity by CPSCS. Homer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit tests were CPSCS and GCS and the results of the discrimination test using the ROC curve were $CPSCS_0$,.734, $GCS_0$,.583, $CPSCS_{24}$,.734, $GCS_{24}$,.612, $CPSCS_{48}$,.591, $GCS_{48}$,.646, $CPSCS_{72}$,.622, and $GCS_{72}$,.623. Logistic regression analysis showed that each point on the CPSCS score signifies1.034 higher likelihood of dying. Applied to neurologically ill patients, early CPSCS scores can be regarded as a useful tool.

• 임상간호연구
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.110-119
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to test validity and reliability of the Korean-Sieloff King Assessment of Group Outcome Attainment within organization in Korea (K-SKAGOAO), and also to explore the relationship of Korean nursing group power and job satisfaction, organizational commitment, organizational performance. Methods: Participants were 481 nurse managers, nurse unit managers or staff nurses with over 7 years experience. Data were collected by post mail and analyzed using descriptive statistics, ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis test, Tukey test, and Spearman's correlation. Results: Content Validity Index was over .82 and Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ coefficient for the K-SKAGOAO was .97. The mean score for Korean nursing group power was 136.77 among the total participants, 139.89 among nurse managers, 136.74 among nurse unit managers and 132.47 among staff nurses. These results showed high nursing group power in Korea nursing organization in hospitals. There was also a significant difference according to nurse position (p=.003). Korean nursing group power was positively related to job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and organizational performance. Conclusion: Findings show that the K-SKAGOAO has validity and reliability. Nursing groups can use the K-SKAGOAO to evaluate the nursing group power of each nursing organization and to develop strategies to improve nursing power and nursing outcomes.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.481-486
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• 2019

Purpose: This study examined the effect of calf muscle fatigue on postural sway according to foot posture (a pes cavus, a normal foot, and a pes planus). Methods: The subjects of this study were 12, 11, and 9 students of U University with a pes cavus, a normal foot, and a pes planus, respectively, according to a Navicular Drop Test. Postural sway was measured with a balance instrument (BioRescue, RM Ingenierie, France) while the subjects stood static on two legs as well as during one-leg standing using the dominant leg in two conditions (with the eyes open and with the eyes closed for 30 seconds). Muscle fatigue was then induced in the calf muscle of the dominant leg, and both muscle fatigue and postural sway were measured using an EMG. To compare the degree of postural sway between the three groups after muscle fatigue was induced, the change values were calculated. The results were analyzed using a Kruskal-Wallis test, and a post-hoc test was conducted using the Bonferroni correction. Results: Significant inter-group differences were detected for postural sway during two-leg standing with the eyes closed and during one-leg standing with the eyes open and with the eyes closed (p<0.05). The post-hoc test showed significant differences between the pes cavus and normal foot groups and between the pes planus and normal foot groups for all three variables (p<0.05). However, no significant difference was detected between the pes cavus and pes planus groups (p>0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study show that the pes cavus and pes planus cause more fatigue and postural sway than a normal foot. Therefore, attention should be paid to changes in balance caused by muscle fatigue.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.320-329
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• 2016

Objective We researched to analyze correlation between menstrual pain and Korean medical diagnosis - Sasang constitution and Pattern Identification - through clinical research of the patients of menstrual pain. Method Trial gruop who consists of women with menstrual pain is 193 people, and control group who consists of women without menstrual pain is 101 people. We producted analyzing of their Sasang Constitution and symptom with Diagnosis System of Oriental Medicine(DSOM). This study used chi-square test, two sample t-test, analysis of variance, Wilcoxon's rank sum test, Kruskal-Wallis test, correlation analysis. Results 1) In trial and control group, Soeumin was the largest and Soyangin was the least. There was'nt statistical significance between trial and control group. 2) In DSOM, deficiency of blood, stagnation of qi, blood stasis, coolness, spleen, kidney and phlegm pathogenic factors showed significant difference. Conclusion There were significant corelation between menstrual pain and Korean mdical diagnosis - Sasang constitution and Pattern Identification.