• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.186-193
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to investigate the change of hematology and serum chemistry values on Sprague-Dawley rats, while used krill (Euphausia superba) meal diet for 5 weeks. Seven-week-old male rats were divided into four groups (n=6) and fed experimental diets containing three different krill meal contents and control group; 10.0% krill meal (G10), 20.0% krill meal (G20), 30.0% krill meal (G30), and control group (GC). Concentrations of non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) in serum were significantly lower in the G10, G20, G30 than GC group (p<0.05). Statistically significant differences, at the confidence level of 95%, for the creatinine, uric acid, electrolyte (T-Ca) parameters in the sera were observed in G20 group, G30 group. The concentration of electrolyte (Pi) in serum was no significant difference among the groups (p<0.05). The results indicate that a krill meal diet was effectively reduce the NEFA.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.848-856
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• 2018

The aim of this study was to investigate the hematology and serum chemistry values on Sprague-Dawley rats, used krill (Euphausia superba) meal diet and sodium fluoride (NaF) for 5 weeks. Seven-week-old male rats were divided into five groups and fed experimental diets containing three krill meal contents, administrated orally 10 mg of NaF, basal diet group (BG), basal diet plus 10 mg of NaF group (BFG), 10.0% krill meal plus 10 mg of NaF group (KMF10), 20.0% krill meal plus 10 mg of NaF group (KMF20), and 30.0% krill meal plus 10 mg of NaF group (KMF30). Concentrations of non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine in sera were significantly lower in the KMF10, KMF20, KMF30 than BFG (p<0.05). In uric acid concentration KMF10 showed no significant difference with the BFG group, was significantly lower than KMF20 and KMF30 (p<0.05). Total calcium (T-Ca) concentrations was all observed to be no significant difference, was increased with krill meal content (p<0.05). Phosphorus (Pi) concentration was no change in the content of krill meal. Accordingly, krill meal was considered to be effective in improving NEFA and BUN, creatinine, uric acid concentration.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.485-491
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to probe the influences of krill (Euphausia superba) meal supplementation on a dose effect relationship between fluoride levels of krill meal and serum hepatic functional enzyme activity such as alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in rats fed experimental diets for 5 weeks. There were no significant differences in the activities of ALP, AST, ALT, and LDH in sera among krill meal diet groups (KM10, KM20, KM30). However, these groups were significantly (p<0.05) lower enzyme activities than control group (CG). The fluoride levels of sera and organ tissues (liver, brain, heart, lung, kidney) in krill meal diet groups (KM10, KM20, KM30) were significantly increased by adding krill meal in comparison with CG. The results indicate that a difficult to found toxicity to the liver from krill meal diet groups.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.27 no.11
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• pp.991-997
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• 2018

The aim of the study were to investigate the influences of krill (Euphausia superba) meal on the body weight, lipid metabolism functional improvement, blood glucose level, protein component in the sera of rats which fed experimental diets for 5 weeks. Serum concentrations of total cholesterol, Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol, free cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), phospholipid (PL) and blood glucose were higher in the control diet group (G1 group) than the control diet plus 10% krill meal group (G2 group), the control diet plus 20% krill meal group (G3 group), the control diet plus 30% krill meal group (G4 group), and a general dose and time independent one-way analysis of variance was performed to assess efficacy. Conversely depending on the content of krill meal for the High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol level, it showed higher results. The concentrations of total protein, albumin and globulin in sera, there were not significant difference among the groups (p<0.05). The results indicate that a krill meal diet effectively inhibited increases in lipid elevation, blood glucose level in the sera of rats.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.27 no.11
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• pp.999-1005
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to probe the influences of krill (Euphausia superba) meal with NaF oral administration on a dose-effect relationship between fluoride levels of krill meal and serum enzyme activity such as alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in rats fed experimental diets for 5 weeks. There were no significant decreases in the activities of ALP, AST, ALT, and LDH in sera among krill meal diet groups (KF10, KF20, KF30). However, these groups were significantly (p<0.05) lower enzyme activities than normal diet (ND) plus NaF 10 mg group (NF). The fluoride levels of serum and organ tissues (liver, brain, heart, lung, kidney) in NaF 10 mg groups (NF, KF10, KF20, KF30) were significantly increased by adding krill meal in comparison with normal diet group. The results indicate that a difficult to found toxicity to the tissues from krill meal diet groups.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.682-688
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• 2013

In this study, we investigated about cell toxicity and oxidative stress of HepG2 cell by treatment of sodium fluoride (NaF) and fluoride extracts from krill Euphausia superba meat, shell, whole body and krill meal. The cell toxicity showed significant at 300 and $500{\mu}g/mL$ NaF treatment group. But krill (Euphausia superba) fluoride extract (KFE) treatment in all groups were not toxic. The superoxide radical production increased significantly in NaF treated group, but there was no significant change in KFE treated group. The superoxide dismutase activity was a significant increase 21.5% at $100{\mu}g/mL$ and 24.7% at $300{\mu}g/mL$ treatment group of fluoride extracts from krill meat, and 8.7% at $300{\mu}g/mL$ in krill meals, compared to the control group. However, hydroxy radical flux and catalase and glutathione peroxidase activity of fluoride extracts from krill meat did not change. As a result, for a short period of time, NaF treatment in HepG2 cells affect the cell toxicity and oxidative stress, but in the case of KFE, these were not recognized. Thus, depending on the type of food ingested with fluoride, cell toxicity and oxidative stress was found to be different.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.47-52
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• 2014

Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) is typical of a enormous biomass of marine zooplankton that could provide good nutrition in human body. This study was conducted to identify the nutrition of krill, a live in Antarctic Ocean. The analysis result of fatty acids of krill meal was as follow. The compositions of fatty acid were saturated fatty (SFA) acid 41.41%, monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) 21.69%, polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) 36.89%, and p/s ratio was 0.89. The major fatty acids in all parts were eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 21.54%), palmitic acid (27.51%), oleic acid (13.35%) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 12.42%). Especially, EPA and DHA were occupied 33.96% of polyunsaturated fatty acid. The mineral contents of krill meal were calcium 24477.21 mg $kg^{-1}$, sodium 14728.69 mg $kg^{-1}$, magnesium 6973.49 mg $kg^{-1}$, potassium 3981.67 mg $kg^{-1}$, iron 395.33 mg $kg^{-1}$ and manganese 5.74 mg $kg^{-1}$. The contents of major vitamin were retinol 86717.37 ${\mu}g$ RE, ${\beta}$-carotene 44.87 ${\mu}g$ RE, tocopherol 2.60 mg, pantothenic acid 1.61 mg, indicating that krill meal contains large amount of retinol and ${\beta}$-carotene.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.165-170
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• 2014

Despite abundant nutritions, krill is barely used for human consumption. The objective of this study was to investigate the nutritional component and amino acid composition of krill and further utilizes it for food resource. Proximate compositions of krill meal were consisted of crude protein 58.85%, ash 13.89%, crude fat 12.45%, carbohydrate 11.01% and moisture 3.80%. The amount of total amino acid was 54.74 g%, and the major amino acids were glutamic acid (7.71 g%), aspartic acid (6.20 g%), leucine (4.72 g%), lysine (4.41 g%), arginine (6.49 g%) and alanine (3.25 g%), respectively. Total essential amino acid content was 21.87%, and the major amino acids were leucine (4.72 g%), lysine (4.41 g%) and isoleucine (2.90 g%), respectively. Content of total free amino acid in krill meal was 20224.30 mg/kg, and the major free amino acids were taurine (4501 mg/kg), arginine (3130.60 mg/kg), proline (2302.90 mg/kg), alanine (2088.10 mg/kg), glycine (1606.40 mg/kg) and lysine (1197.40 mg/kg). Especially, taurine was the most abundant of all free amino acids. Thus, these data indicate that krill seems to be abundant protein source food.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.938-946
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• 2017

This study was conducted to examine the changes in serum lipid components and blood glucose by krill (Euphausia superba) meal and sodium fluoride (NaF) in rats fed on experimental diets and administered orally to NaF 10 mg for 5 weeks. Body weight of rats decreased as the amount of krill meal diet increased, it was observed the basal diet plus NaF group (BF group) compared to the lower basal diet group (BD group). The serum concentrations of total cholesterol, LDL (low-density lipoprotein) cholesterol, free cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), phospholipid (PL) and blood glucose in serum were higher in the BF group than the 10% krill meal group plus NaF 10 mg (KF10 group) or BD group, the 20% krill meal plus NaF 10 mg group (KF20 group), the 30% krill meal plus NaF 10 mg group (KF30 group). Conversely depending on the content of krill meal for the HDL (high-density lipoprotein) cholesterol level, it showed higher results. The concentration of total protein was no significant difference among the groups (p<0.05). The results indicate that a krill meal diet effectively inhibited increases in lipid elevation and blood glucose level in the sera of rats.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.173-182
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• 2004

The effect of dietary Antartic krill(Euphausia Superba) meal on the performance of broiler chicks during the acute phase responses was studied. One d-old male broiler chicks(Avian) were fed on the experimental basal (0.0 % krill meal), and 0.5 and 1.0 % krill meal diets, and then the acute phase response were activated by injecting Salmonella typhymurium lipopolisaccharide(LPS) three times i. p. at 8, 10 and 12 day of age. The 1.0% krill meal diet group had reduced daily gain and feed efficiency during the acute phase response of the 2nd week of age, while during recovery from the acute phase response of the 3rd week of age the lowered performance disappeared. The acute phase response increased the relative weight of liver and spleen, and dietary krill meal enhanced the activities of MnSOD and Cu/ZnSOD in liver and erythrocyte cytosols during the acute phase response, although neither the acute phase response or dietary krill meal affected significantly PHA-p hypersensitivity. The results indicated that dietary krill meal affected the performance and SOD activity of broilers chicks during the acute phase response.