• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.331-338
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• 2006

This survey was carried out to investigate the occurrence of reproductive disorders in Korean native cattle (Hanwoo). The general management status such as barn type, feed intake, parity and type of reproductive disorders were examined in the Hanwoo farms. In this survey, the total incidence of reproductive disorders that was assessed from 54 Hanwoo farms was 11.6% (73/ 631). We first examined the incidence of reproductive disorders following herd size per farm. The rates of reproductive disorders in under 10 heads, 10 to 20 heads and over 20 heads were 25.2%, 9.4% and 8.3%, respectively (P<0.05). The rate of reproductive disorders in tie stall barn was significantly (P<0.05) higher than that in free stall barn (14.9% vs. 8.1%). The major types of reproductive disorders were follicular cysts (21.8%), fat necrosis (21.8%), and repeat breeding (17.8%). The rate of reproductive disorders assessed by the parity tended to decrease as the parity increased. The relationship between incidence of reproductive disorders and body condition score (BCS) was investigated in 203 Hanwoo. The incidence of reproductive disorder was 80.0%, 8.8%, 9.4%, 10.0%, 33.3% and 57.1% at 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5 and 4.0 of BCS, respectively. These data show that the increase of herd size, barn type and BCS affect the incidence of reproductive disorders such as follicular cysts, fat necrosis and repeat breeding in Hanwoo.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.125-130
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• 2005

This study was conducted from March 16 to July 6 in 2004 at Jeju Island to investigate the influences of sowing dates(on March 16, March 26, April 5, April 15 and April 25) on creeping bentgrass vegetation. The result obtained were summarized as follows; Plant height was 22.7 cm at March 16 planting. It was longest but after that planting, plant height gradually shorted. Then it was shortest at April 25 planting(16.6 cm). Root length and Minolta SPAD-502 chlorophyll reading value were directly proportional plant height response. Leave and root weight were greatest at March 16 planting. It were 1,373 kg /10a and 2,374 kg /10a, respectively. These weight decreased gradually as planting was delayed from March 16 to April 25. Degree land cover and density of creeping bentgrass were $98.0\%$ and $99.3\%$, respectively, at March 16. After that planting they were decreased ($97.5\%$, $98.7\%$). But degree land cover and density of weed tended to increased gradually as the planting was delayed. The number of weed species were increased from March 16 to April 25. It showed increase that Poa annua, Stellaria media and Chenopodium album var. centrorubrum(at March 16 planting), Poa annua, Digitaria adscendens and Chenopodium album var. centrorubrum(at March 26 planting), Digitaria adscendens, Chenepodium album var. centrorubrum and Stellaria media(at April 5 planting), Digitaria adscendens, Stellaria media and Chenopodium album var. centrorubrum(at April 15 planting), Digitaria adscendens, Polygonum hydropiper, Chenopodium album var. centrorubrum(at April 25 planting). Based on the these findings, optimum sowing date for growth of creeping bentgrass seems to be about early seeding in atmospheric phenomena and volcanic ash soils of Jeju island.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.131-136
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• 2005

This study was conducted from March 21 to July 7 in 2004 at JeJu Island to investigate the influences of seed-ing rates (4, 6, 5, 10 and 12 kg/10a) on creeping bentgrass vegetation. The result obtained were summarized as follows; plant height was getting longer as seeding rate increased from 4 to 12 kg/10a, Although it was no significance from 10 to 12 kg/10a. Root length, Minolta SPAD-502 chlorophyll reading value, leave and root weight increased as the plant height increased. The degree of land cover and density of creeping bentgrass also increased as seeding rate increased from 4 to 12 kg/10a, and the degree of land cover and density of weed decreased. The number of weed species on decreased as increasing of seeding rate. Then ranking of the dominant weeds were Digitaria adscendens, Chenopodium album var. centrorubrum md Poa annua (at 4 kg/10a seeding rate), Digitaria adscendens, Chenopodium album var. centrorubrum and Stellaria media (at 6 kg/10a seeding rate). Chenopdium album var. centrorubrum, Poa annua and Digitaria adscendens (at 8 kg/10a seeding rate), Digitaria adscendens, Chenopdium album var. centrorubrum and Steilaria media (at 10 kg/10a seeding rate), Chenopdium album var. centrorubrum, Digitaria adscendens and Stellaria media (at 12 kg/10a seeding rate). These results showed that the optimum seed-ing rate is 10 kg/10a for growth of creeping bentgrass in volcanic ash soils of Juju island.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2003

This study was determined to the growth characteristic, yield and chemical content of Azuki bean(Vigna angularis W.F. $W_{IGHT}$) based on five phosphate rates (0, 40, 50, 120, 160, 200kg/ha) from May, 2002 to August, 2002 in Jeju province. Plant height was 80.7cm at 0kg/ha of phosphate level md, as phosphate rates were increased to 160kg/ha and 200kg/ha, lengthened 88.8cm and 88.9cm, respectively, but between the two phosphat levels were no significance(P＞0.05 or 0.0l). Numbs. of branches and leaves per plant, stem diameter, and weight of leaves and stems per plant were the same response with plant height. Fresh forage, dry matter, crude protein, and TDN(total digestible nutrient) yield at the control were 23.8MT/ha, 3MT/ha, 0.5MT/ha and 1.8MT/ha, respectively, at the 200kg/ha plot were 47.3MT/ha, 7.2MT/ha, 1.3MT/ha, and 4.7MT/ha, respectively, as phosphate rate was increased. As phosphate rate increased from 0kg/ha to 200kg/ha, the content of crude protein, crude fat NFE(nitrogen free extract) and TDN increased 15.2%~18.6%, 3.4%~4.5%, 41.4%~45.5% and 58.3%~65.5%, respectively, whereas the content of crude fiber and crude ash were decreased 31.5%~24.8% and 8.1%~6.6%, respectively.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.37-42
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• 2003

This study was conducted at a volcanic ash soil in the Experimental Farm of Cheju national university from May 1, 2000 to August 25, 2000 to determine the optimum frequency of split N application for. forage production of Jeju Italian millet(Setaria italica Beauvis). N .rate was applied with 200kg N/ha, and frequencies of the split application were 1. 2, 3, 4 and f times. Days to heading was 87 days in the N applied plot all at once, was delayed to 93 days at the five times split-applied plot. Plant height was the greatest (143cm) at the four times split-applied plot, but above o. below that was short. Leaf length, number of leaves and nodes were a similar tendency to plant height. SPAD(Soil Plant Analysis Development) reading values rose 34.3∼36.2 as N was split-applied from one to five times. Fresh forage, dry matter, crude Protein and TDN yield at the H split-applied to four times increased 33.08∼5l.50MT/ha, 9.94∼13.36MT/ha, 0.93∼1.70MT/ha and 5.06∼7.28MT/ha, respectively, but at the five tines split-applied plot decreased to 49.33MT/ha, 12.69MT/ha, 1.65MT/ha and 6.98 MT/ha, respectively. As the increasing of N split-applied. crude protein, crude fat NFE and TDN content increased 9.4∼13.0％, 1.5∼l.9％, 44.5∼45.5% and 50.9∼55.0％, respectively, whereas crude fiber and crude ash content decreased 35.3∼31.6% and 9.3∼8.3, respectively.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.7-12
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• 2003

This study was conducted to determine the influence of seeding date (May 3, 13, 23, June 2, 12) on the growth characteristics yield and feed value Azuki bean(Vigna angularis W.F. Wight) from May 3, 2002 to August 3, 2002 in Jeju province. Plant height was the longest (84cm) when seeded on 13 May and was the shortest (48.4cm) when seeded on 12 June. Numbers of branches and leaves per plant, stem diameter and weight of leaves and stems per plant were the same trend with plant height. Fresh forage, fry matter, crude protein and TDN(total digestible nutrient) yield per ha at were increased to 54.6MT, 7.7MT, 1.4MT and 4.5MT, respectively, whereas decreased as seeding date was delayed and then at seeding on 12 June were decreased to 11.5MT/ha 2.12MT/ha 0.4MT/ha and 1.3MT/ha, respectively The content of crude protein, crude fat, NFE(nitrogen free extract) and TDN were incresed 17.6%∼21.3%, 3.3%∼4.5%, 34.3%∼41.4% and 56%∼64.8%, respectively, as seeding was delayed from 3 May to 13 June. Whereas the content of crude fiber and crede ash were decreased 33.8%∼23.5% and 11%∼9.3％, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.237-245
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• 2007

We tested for residual pesticide levels in agricultural products purchased from 5 provinces within the middle region of Korea during 2006. A Total of 488 samples of 23 different types of agricultural products were analyzed by GC/MS, GC-NPD, and LC/MS/MS. We used multi-analysis methods to analyze for 231 different pesticide types; a single residual pesticides were detected in 92 samples (18.9%), of which 9 samples (1.9%) exceeded the Korea Maximum Residue Limits (MRLs). we detected pesticide residue in more than 50% of the pepper leaf and welsh onion samples. For the welsh onions, 16 among the 30 analyzed samples contained pesticide residue, and 4 samples exceeded the Korea MRLs. Among the 234 kinds of pesticides we tested for, 42 were detected, and 21 of them were detected more than twice. Six pesticide residue types, including cypermethrin, iprodione, fludioxonil, ethoprophos, flutolanil, and lufenuron, exceeded the MRLs. No residual pesticides were detected in 396 of the samples (81.1%), and the residual pesticide levels in 83 samples (17.0%) were lower than the Korea MRLs, indicating that 98.1% of the samples were relatively safe.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.618-623
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• 2011

Escherichia coli O157:H7 has been considered as a significant food-borne pathogen since its role in causing hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic uremic syndrome in humans was recognized. In this study, we developed an immunochromatography (ICG) assay for the detection of E. coli O157:H7. E. coli O157:H7 monoclonal antibody (EC MAb) and colloidal gold were conjugated and its specificity was determined by the ICG treated with EC MAb and antimouse IgG at test and control lines, respectively. The detection limit of the ICG was $1{\times}10^5$ CFU/mL, and no crossreactivity was observed to other E. coli strains and major food-borne pathogens. To determine the minimum enrichment time for the ICG, meats and sprouts were inoculated with $1{\times}10$ CFU/100 ${\mu}L$ of E. coli O157:H7. After enrichment time of 10 and 2 h for meats and sprouts, respectively, up to $1{\times}10$ CFU/100 ${\mu}L$ of E. coli O157:H7 could be detected by ICG.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2010

Purpose: To plan and improve consumers' satisfaction by analyzing consumers' purchasing behavior of spectacles. Also this will show the need of improvement in reliance of an optician. Methods: A total of 307 people (10 to 60 years) participated in individual questionnaires. Questionnaires comprised of general characteristic of surveyed people, purchasing spectacles behavior, satisfaction after purchasing spectacles, reliability of optician, and improvement points of optician. Results: Most important points in selecting the product were the design and the price of the spectacles. 142 people (46.3%) replied "average" and 140 people (45.6%) replied "satisfying" out of maximum point of satisfaction level which was 5 points. 72.3% of people have regularly visiting optical shop due to the high accessibility, after-sales care, and courteous optician. On the contrary, 27.7% replied "never visit same optician shop again" because of the low accessibility, minimal range of products, and high price. Data showed that people had high re liability about the opticians' knowledge of product, and their technique of eye refraction. Data revealed that people did not show high satisfaction about opticians' knowledge of ophthalmology, and price of products. Most important improvement points were accurate spectacle prescription by Opticians rating 42% of reply. Factors most considered during spectacle selection among the 10 to 20 age group were design by 34.8% and price by 10.1%. Among the 40 to 50 age group, most considered factors were design by 14% and spectacle frame material by 10.1%. Conclusions: Satisfaction rate of purchasing spectacles for the total participant group was 4.2 average grades. Reliability of opticians' eye refraction result and prescription was 50.5%. However consumers wanted to obtain more accurate eye refraction result and prescription with more comprehensive explanations. Also, consumers wanted opticians to be sensitive and have appreciative eye in select spectacles for customers, and to offer precise spectacle dispensing services and courteous after-sales care.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.421-435
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• 2017

Recently, due to the saturation of ground structures and the overpopulation of pipeline facilities requires to development of underground structures as an alternative to ground structures. Thus, mechanized tunnel construction of the shield TBM method has been increasing in order to prevent vibration and noise problems in construction of the NATM tunnel for the urban infrastructure construction. Tunnel construction plan for the tunnel line should be formed in a sharp curve to avoid building foundation and underground structures and it is inevitable to develop a shield TBM technology that suits the sharp curve tunnel construction. Therefore, this study is about the structural stability technology of the articulation jack, shield jack and skin plate for the shield TBM thrust in case of the mechanized tunnel construction that is a straight and sharp curve line. The construction case study and shield TBM operation principle are examined and analyzed by the theoretical approach. The torque of the cutter head, the thrust of the articulation jack and the shield jack, the amount of over cutting for curve is important respectively in shield TBM construction of straight and sharp curve line. In addition, it is very important to secure the stability of the skin plate structure to ensure the safety of the inside worker. This study examines the general structure and construction of the equipment, experimental simulation was carried out through numerical analysis to examine the main factors and structural stability of the skin plate structure. The structural stability of the skin plate was evaluated and optimizes the shape by comparing the loads of the articulation jack by selecting the virtual soil to be applied in a straight and sharp curve line construction. Since the present structure and operation method of the shield TBM type in domestic constructions are very similar, this study will help to develop the localized shield TBM technology for the new equipment and the vulnerability and stability review.