• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.249-257
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• 1999

Jeung-Pyun is a traditional fermented Korean food with rice flour, water, sugar, salt and unrefined rice wine(Takju). In order to investigate how the addition of soybean has an influence on Jeung-Pyun fermentation, changing to adding amount of soybean 0%, 5%, l0%. 15%, 20% based on rice weight, we carried out sensory evaluation and measured the physicochemical properties, instrumental characteristics and degree of gelatinization. The specific volume of Jeung-Pyun was increased as the more soybean was added. The pH of Jeung-Pyun batter was decreased as the fermentation time was longer, but it was increased as more soybean was added. The degree of gelatinization of Jeung-Pyun was decreased as storage day was longer, but it was high as more soybean was added compared to control(0%). In sensory evaluation, Jeung-Pyun added 5∼10% of soybean was good generally. Correlation coefficient between hardness and degree of gelatinization was high. In instrumental characteristics, hardness was increased only in control for room temperature storage(20$^{\circ}C$), but at 4$^{\circ}C$ it was less increased than control(0%) as more soybean was added. Cohesiveness was decreased generally as storage day was longer at 4$^{\circ}C$, but it was less decreased as more soybean was added. In brittleness at 4$^{\circ}C$, Jeung-Pyun of adding soybean was higher compared to control. In surface structure of Jeung-Pyun observerd by SEM. air pore size was small and distributed regularly as more soybean added. In conclusion. it can be suggested that the addition of soybean improve the quality of Jeung-Pyun.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.1-19
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• 1994

In this paper, twenty-five kinds of food presented in Sooljip(戌集) 5 and 6 of Food collections of 'Kosa-sibi Jip(攷事十二集)' have been classified into four : Staple food, subsidiary food, Tuck(rice cake) and Han-gwa(Korean confectionery), and Tang-jng and tea. Cooking processes have been examined and scientifically analyzed in terms of cooking, Fourteen kinds of Jook (thick gruel with cereal) as well as Urak-Jook were presented among the methods of making Jook, one of staple foods. Milk and ground rice were boiled together into Urak-Jook, which was nutritious because of carbohydrate, added to milk. Hong-sa Myun was mode of ground shrimps, ground bean, ground rice and flour which were kneaded together. It was a nutritiously balanced food. Nineteen kinds of Kimchi presented in this book were classified by the recipes. The five of Jook-soon Ja, U-so Ja, Tam-bok Ja and Jo-gang were made by adding red malt and cereals(boiled rice or candies). Jo-gang, Jo-ga and Jo-gwa-chae were made by adding salt and rice wine. With salt and fermenters added, eight were made. Chim-jup-jeo-ga was made by adding Jang(soy-bean sauce) and the inner chaff of wheat instead of salt. The four of Ka-za-san, Hwang-gwa-san, Tong-gwa-san and Jo-gang were made by adding salt and vinegar. Jo-gang was made by adding salt, rice wine, residue of rice wine and candies. The four of Kae-mal-ga, Ku-cho-chim-chae, Un-gu-hwa and Suk-hwa-chim-chim-chae were made by adding salt and spices. San-got-Kimchi was made without salt. San-got-Kimchi and Suk-hwa-chim-chae were made originally in Korea. Suk-hwa-chim-chae, in particular, was first classified as a kind of Kimchi in this book and oysters were added, which is notable. Pork could be preserved longer when smoked oven the weak fire of thatch ten days and nights. Dog meat was sauced and placed on the bones in a pot. A porcelain was put on the top of the pot. Flour paste sealed the gap between the porcelain and the pot. Some water was poured into the porcelain, and the meat was steamed, with two or three thatched sacks burned, which was a distilled dry steaming. This process has been in use up to now. Various cooking methods of chicken were presented from in Umsik-dimi-bang to in Chosun Musang Sinsik Yori Jebup. These methods were ever present regardless of ages. Such measuring units as Guin(斤) and Nyang(兩) were most frequently used in cooking processes of this book, except in case of Jang(soy bean sauce), vinegar and liquor. Twenty eight kinds of kitchenware and cookers were used, of which porcelains wee most used and pans and sieves followed. The scientific eight cooking methods were as follows. First, salt was refined through saturated solution. Next, it was recommended Hong-sa Myun containing shrimps should not be taken along with pork, which is thought to be a proper diet in terms of cholesterol contained by shrimps and pork. Third, meat was coated with thin gruel and quickly roasted and cleared of the dried gruel membrane, which prevented nutrients from exuding and helped to make the meat well-done. Fourth, The fruit of paper mulberry trees has the protease which can soften meat. Therefore when meat was boiled with th fruit of paper mulberry trees, it can be softened easily. Fifth, pork was smoked over the weak fire of thatch. Sixth, in cooking dog meat, distilled dry steaming raised the boiling point and made it possible to preserve meat longer. Seventh, in boiling the sole of a bear, lime was added, which made meat tender by making the pH lower or higher than that of raw meat. Finally, in boiling down rice gluten, a porcelain in the pot prevented boiling over the brim, which is applied to pots in which to boil medical herbs.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.801-810
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• 2008

The principal objective of this study was to assess Korea's traditional ritual food culture, and to compare two types of ancestral rites the Hyang-Sa and Bool-cheon-wi rites which were held in the Daegu and Andong regions of Korea. In this study, we describe the performance of the Bool-cheon-wi rites held by two head families located near the Andong area namely, the head family of Seoae Ryu Seong-Ryong(1542-1607)(Seoae) who was well-respected for his writings and personality, and the head family of Dangye Ha Wee-Ji(1412-1456)(Dangye) who was well-known and famous as one of the members of the Sa-ryuk-sin. This research was conducted via diredt engagement in these memorial services and several interviews with the families. The results were summarized as follows; Foods used in the Hyang-sa rites including Mae(bap), Kook, Jaban(Jogee), Po(dried fish), Juck, boiled and seasoned vegetables, fruits, confections, and liquor. Jobap and Ssalbap were used as Mae at SD(Seo Dalsung), and PMPH(Pahoi Myogul Habin Park) used Jo, Hyunmy, Pi and Susu in the raw. The dishes on the table were arranged as follows. A wine cup was placed in the first row, Po(a dried pollack), and jujube and nuts in the second row, Ryukpo(slices of dried beef), Sangeogogi were set at the third row, and Soegogi, pork, Mu, and Minary were placed in the fourth row, and the head of the pig was placed in the center of the table at SD. A wine cup, Soegogi, and pork were positioned in the first row, Mu, Minary, Pi and Susu were placed in the second row, and Jogee, Jo, and Hyunmy were placed in the third row at PMPH. The sacrificial foods offered for Bool-cheon-wi rites were as follows; Mae(bap) Kook noodle Jogee Tang(stew) Po Juck Tucks boiled, seasoned and salted vegetables Jeon fruit confectioneries liquor(chungju). The head family of Seoae Yu Seong-Ryong utilized 5 types of Tang(meat stew, fish stew, chicken stew, vegetable stew, seafood stew), whereas the head family of Dangye Ha Wee-Ji utilized 3 kinds of Tang(meat stew, fish stew, vegetable stew). As a basic Tuck, Shi-roo-tuck(a steamed rice cake), piled up to 25 layers, was primarily utilized. In particular, Jung-Gae(Seoae's favorite food) was placed on the table. For grilled-meat food(Juck), Yu's family used raw meat and Ha's family the half-cooked meat. The main types of Jucks used were meat-Juck, fish-Juck, chicken-Juck, and these were not served one by one. Hyang-sa and Bool-cheon-wi rites have an the educational function, in that they allow for the carrying out of filial duties by a heartfelt performance of performing the ceremony, by taking great care from the pre-rite preparations to the post-rite period. In addition, these rites have various meanings, as events that strengthen the ties of blood relations of ancestors and themselves, and to promote and harmonize family friendships, they may also have religious meaning in the culture, as prayers are offered that all the family's descendants may be blessed, live long and enjoy abundance whlie respecting their ancestors. As for the role of Hyang-sa and Bool-cheon-wi rites in today's nuclear family society, it can be said that these rites remain especially important as a method to strengthen community consciousness by fostering an understanding of the meaning of existence itself, and thus inspiring the roots of consciousness.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.484-491
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• 1997

증편 반죽에서 일어나는 일련의 이화학적 성질의 변화간의 연관성과 발효시 증편 반죽의 이화학직 성질의 차이가 증편 제조 후 저장 중의 품질 변화에 미치는 영향을 연구한 결과는 요약하면 다음과 같다. 증편 반죽의 pH는 발효가 진행되면서 PH 5.96∼4:36 사이에서 계속 감소하였다. 설탕첨가군의 경우 그렇지 않은 군보다 pH 변화가 완만했으나 유의적인 차이는 없었다. 증편 반죽의 부피는 발효시간에 따라 증가했으며 발효가 반복될수록 최대 부피에 도달하는 시간이 짧아졌으며 최대 부피는 커졌다. 평균 부피는 콩물을 첨가한 군이 대조군에 비해 유의적으로 컷다(p<.05). 반죽의 점도는 발효초기에 감소하였다가 콩물 첨가군의 경우 발효 2시간 이후 급격히 증가하였으며 대조군의 경우 1차 발효 후부터 급격히 증가하였다. 반죽내의 환원당량은 설탕 총 첨가량의 1/2만 처음부터 넣은 군의 경우, 완만한 증가를 보이다가 감소하였고, 2차 발효후 다시 증가하였다. 대조군의 경우, 1차 발효시까지는 증가하였고 1차 발효 후 다시 감소하였다. 환원당량의 변화양상은 설탕 총 첨가량의 1/2만 처음부터 넣은 군과 대조군 사이에서 유의한 차이를 보였다(p < .05). 관능검사를 통한 증편의 저장시 품질의 변화를 연구한 결과 저장기간에 따라 모든 군의 경도는 증가하였고 부드러운 정도, 탄력성, 촉촉한 정도, 전체적인 수응도 등은 감소하였다. 그러나 콩물을 첨가한 군은 그렇지 않은 군보다, 또한 설탕 총 첨가량의 1/2만 처음에 첨가한 군은 그렇지 않은 군보다 이러한 변화가 서서히 일어났다. QTS로 texture를 측정한 결과 저장기간에 따라 경도, 검성, 씹힘성은 증가했으며 부착성은 감소하였다. 이러한 변화는 콩물을 첨가한 군에서그렇지 않은 군보다 서서히 일어났다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제17권11호
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• pp.1562-1570
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• 2007

본인들은 주류생산 부산물인 주박을 이용한 친환경적인 비료를 개발하고자 한다. 본 시험에 사용된 주박에는 잔존 알코올함량이 평균 5-8%이며, 주요성분으로 6.04% 총질소량, 42.59% 총탄수화물량, 1.01% 유용 인산량, 73.42% 유기물량, 7.72% $K_2O$, 1.35% CaO와 0.53% MgO을 함유하고 있었다. 주박은 980 units/g의 ${\alpha}-amylase$, 300 units/g의 glucoamylase와 1,800 units/g의 산성 protease활성을 나타내어 비교적 높은 수준의 효소 활성을 나타내었다. 토양으로부터 분리한 미생물 중 항 진균활성이 우수한 근권세균인 Bacillus subtilis KMU-13을 분리, 생화학적 특성과 16s rDNA 분석에 의하여 Bacillus subtilis KMU-13으로 동정했다. 식물병원성 진균인 Botrytis cinerea KACC 40573, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum KACC 41065, Fusairum of oxysporum KACC 40052, Pythium aphanidermatum KACC 40156, Phytophthora capsici KACC 40476와 Glomerella cingulata KACC 40299에 대하여 높은 항 진균활성을 나타내었다. 시제품은 동결건조 주박을 직접 시제품으로 사용하는 시제품 1과 동결건조 주박 20%, 담체 70%, B. subtilis KMU-13의 배양액 9.7%, 미량원소 0.3%를 혼합하여 시제품 2를 제작했다. 시제품 1과 시제품 2의 상추를 이용한 포장 재배시험에 대한 비료효과 및 토양이화학성 변화를 조사한 결과, 3요소비료, 퇴비 및 석회를 시용한 관행구에 비해 수확기의 엽장, 엽폭, 엽수 및 생체중량 등이 증가하였으며, 토양 이화학성의 변화는 거의 없었다.