• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.165-165
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• 1982

In order to improve decaying properties of the plywood, the effectiveness of the Malenit treatment on the shear strength and decaying properties of the plywood has been investigated. The results are as follows. 1. No decrease of the shear strength of the plywood has shown despite of plywood treatment with Malenit right after plywood made or veneer treated with the same preservative prior to plywood manu. factured. 2. The effectiveness of Malenit treatment on decaying property of the plywood has shown much greater than that of the untreated plywood and red pine sapwood. 3. Weight decreases of the test specimens due to the infection of the different fungi have seen in different ways. If fungi infected weight decreases of the specimens are different in it's degree due to the fungi.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.3-7
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• 1990

The chemical Composition of Chinese red pine (Pinus massoniana) submerged in the Yellow Sea for more than 700 years has been examined. When compared to the recent wood, the marked chemical changes in the waterlogged wood is the higher amount of lignin with lesser amount of holocellulose and abnormally high ash content. In the heavily degraded samples, the degradation of cellulose is more severe than that of hemicellulose. However, hemicellulose is much more attacked than the cellulose at the initial stage of deterioration in the sea water. Chemical analysis suggests that the cellulolytic marine microorganisms, whether they are fungi or bacteria. can be regarded as the primary agents for the destruction of the archaeological woods submerged in the sea water.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.93-99
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• 1996

In order to investigate the extent of fixation of new water-borne preservatives in blocks of pinus densiflora sapwoods the streaming potential through the column with preservative treated wood was measured at various conditions. The rates of leachability of ingredients in the treated wood were estimated by the measurement of electric conductivity of the solution with the leached components. The solution was also analyzed by Atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AA). As a results, the experimental data indicated that the fixation of CCB, CCFZ and ACQ in wood were relatively unstable. The fixation rates of CCB, CCFZ were improved by increasing heat and drying time. The amounts of the leached ingredients were apparently higher in CCB and CCFZ than in CCA, while the rate of leaching of ACQ was not changed at various drying temperature.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.5-14
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• 1992

Experimental external collector type solar lumber dryer of $1m^3$ of maximum capacity with $1.6m^3$ of collector area was designed and constructed. The seasonal performance of solar dryer, including air-conditions, energy efficiency, and drying characteristics of 3cm-thick red pine and douglas-fir lumber was investigated. Also, the economic analysis was carried out. Annual average solar drying rate was about 2 times faster than air-drying rate with no significant difference in the amount of drying defects. But in initial drying stage air-drying rate in winter was much faster and those in spring and autumn were slightly slower than solar drying rate in each season. Annual average energy efficiency of solar-dryer and-collector was 25% and 57%, respectively. Fuel savings were over 50% at 15% of energy inflation rate and the payback period was estimated as 6.10 years at 30% of energy inflation rate.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.248-262
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• 2009

This study is on the feasibility of use of glycoprotein in various areas such as cosmetics and food etc. by extracting, isolating and refining glycoprotein from carrots, red ginseng extract residue, sesame and pine needles using protease(pepsin) and by analyzing general characteristics and measuring various bioactivities. The results of analysis of nutritional composition showed protein contents of glycoprotein. In the analysis of constitutive amino acids, the ratio of contents of hydroxy proline and glycine, the characteristics of glycoproteins appeared similar and the contents of glutamic acid and aspartic acid appeared higher. As a result of measurement contents of total polyphenol and flavonoid, it showed that glycoprotein had more contents generally, and the effect of bioactivity of glycoprotein appeared higher although different kinds of glycoprotein showed a little DPPH radical and nitrite scavenging ability, total antioxidant capacity by ABTS, ACE inhibitory.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.429-434
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• 2009

Environmental specimen bank (ESB) is a new tool to assess ecosystem in environmental impact assessment (EIA). ESB looks at changes in the concentration of pollutants in human and environmental specimens over long periods of time through retrospective analysis of archived samples. Korea started to design its National Environmental Specimen Bank (NESB) in 2007 and planned to launch an operational pilot project by 2010. NESB prepares five Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) of shoots of Red and Korean pine, leaves of Mongolian oak, Pigeon's egg, and Common carp's muscle out of 14 planned specimens in 2009. ESB contributes to monitoring the effectiveness of EIA projects and policies by providing a time capsule through ecosystem assessment of representative species. This study reviews ecosystem assessment in EIA and the ESB establishment in Korea and probes NESB applications in ecosystem assessment.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.130-133
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• 2009

The endophytic fungi were isolated from red pine trees (Pinus densiflora) that were distributed in three sites of Chungbuk, Korea. Twenty fungal isolates were isolated from 16 trees and divided into 8 groups by morphological characters. The fungal isolates were identified using the sequences of ITS region of rDNA; Lophodermium complex, Sydowia polyspora, Hymenula sp., Sistotrema brinkmannii, Septoria pini-thunbergii, Earliella sp. Lophodermium spp. were the most frequently found fungal species the across sites and firstly detected from Pinus species in Korea by molecular work.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제41권5호
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• pp.406-414
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• 2013

This study aims to date wooden coffins excavated from graves in Shinnae-dong, Seoul, South Korea, using dendrochronology. The species of woods used to make the coffins were identified as Pinus densiflora S. et Z., one of the major conifers in Korea. Of 12 graves, 10 were successfully dated using various red-pine chronologies of South Korea. Due to the absence of the last-formed tree ring before felling, the number of sapwood rings, used to obtain likely cutting dates, had to be estimated. The terminus post quem for two coffins without plaster frames were AD 1548 and AD 1571, respectively. Eight coffins with plaster frames yielded estimated dates from AD 1664 to AD 1799. The tree-ring dates indicated that the coffins with plaster frames in Shinnae-dong were constructed approximately 100 years later than those without plaster frames.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.13-21
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• 2004

The usefulness of the multi-temporal satellite image to monitoring the vegetation recovery process after forest fire was tested. Using multi-temporal Landsat TM and ETM＋data, NDVI and NBR changes over times were analyzed. Both NDVI and NBR values were rapidly decreased after the fire and gradually increased for all forest type and damage class. However, NBR curve showed much clearer tendency of vegetation recovery than NDVI. Both indices yielded the lowest values in severely damaged red pine forest. The results show the vegetation recovery process after forest fire can detect and monitor using multi-temporal Landsat image. NBR was proved to be useful to examine the recovering and development process of the vegetation after fire. In the not damaged forest, however the NDVI shows more potential capability to discriminate the forest types than NBR..

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제45권6호
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• pp.797-808
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• 2017

Automatic wood species identification systems have enabled fast and accurate identification of wood species outside of specialized laboratories with well-trained experts on wood species identification. Conventional automatic wood species identification systems consist of two major parts: a feature extractor and a classifier. Feature extractors require hand-engineering to obtain optimal features to quantify the content of an image. A Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), which is one of the Deep Learning methods, trained for wood species can extract intrinsic feature representations and classify them correctly. It usually outperforms classifiers built on top of extracted features with a hand-tuning process. We developed an automatic wood species identification system utilizing CNN models such as LeNet, MiniVGGNet, and their variants. A smartphone camera was used for obtaining macroscopic images of rough sawn surfaces from cross sections of woods. Five Korean softwood species (cedar, cypress, Korean pine, Korean red pine, and larch) were under classification by the CNN models. The highest and most stable CNN model was LeNet3 that is two additional layers added to the original LeNet architecture. The accuracy of species identification by LeNet3 architecture for the five Korean softwood species was 99.3%. The result showed the automatic wood species identification system is sufficiently fast and accurate as well as small to be deployed to a mobile device such as a smartphone.