• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.206-213
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• 2011

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical value of Osstem$^{(R)}$ USII plus system implants. Clinical and radiographic data were analyzed for 88 implants placed and functionally loaded for a 12 month period at the Yonsei University Dental Hospital. Materials and Method: Based on the patient's medical records, clinical factors and their effects on implant marginal bone resorption, distribution and survival rate were analyzed. The marginal bone loss was evaluated at implant placement and during a 6 to 12 months functional loading period. The independent sample t-test was used to evaluate the interrelationship between the factors (${\alpha}$=0.05), and one way repeated measures ANOVA was used to compare the amount of marginal bone resorption. Results: The cumulative survival rate for 88 implants was 100%. The marginal bone resorption from implant placement to prosthetic delivery was 0.24 mm and the average marginal bone resorption from prosthetic delivery to 12 months of functional loading was 0.19 mm. The total average bone resorption from implant placement to 12 months of functional loading was 0.43 mm. There were no statistically differences in the amount of marginal bone resorption when implants were placed in the maxilla or the mandible (P>.05), however, implants placed in the posterior areas showed significantly more marginal bone loss than those placed in the anterior areas (P<.05). Conclusion: Based on these results, the short term clinical success rate of RBM surface treated external connection domestic implants showed satisfactory results and the marginal bone loss was in accord with the success criteria of dental implants.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.50-70
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• 1993

Clinical observation was done on 92 cases of Occlusive CVD, Cerebral hemorrhage (Subarachnoid hemorrhage) which were confirmed by Brain CT scan and observed for over 4 weeks, among the 121 cases which were more than 65 years of age. they admitted to the Dept. of Internal Medicine, Oriental Medical Hospital in Dong Guk Univ. from July 1992 to June 1993. The result were as follows; 1. In this study, Occlusive CVD was 74 cases, Cerebral hemorrhage (Subarachnoid hemorrhage was 2 cases) was 18 cases. 2. The ratio of male to female was 1.09:1. The age distribution showed the large number in the 65-69 year group(52.2%), 7th decade was 44.5% over 8th decade was 3.3% in ratio. 3. The site of Occlusive CVD was most common at MCA. the site of Cb-hemorrhage was most common at Basal ganglia. 4. The most common preceding disease was hypertension(47.8%) and the next were diabetes mellitus(14.1%), heart desease(14.1%). 5. Recurrence rate was 33.7% and 2nd attack was 20.7%, 3rd attack was 8.7%, 4th attack was 4.3% 6. Predisposing factors in Occlusive CVD were initiated usually during resting and sleeping, and that in Cb-hemorrhage were represented chiefly exercising(66.6%). 7. The smoker was 52.2%, the drinker was 32.6% in whole group. the drinker was 61.1% by the Cb-hemorrhage. 8. The ratio of the season distribution was as follow, fall 35.8%, winter 29.3%, spring 19.6%, summer 15.3%, that of the month distribution was november 15.2%. 9. Duration from on set in Occlusive CVD, 60.8% was within 5 days, that in Cb-hemorrhage, 77.8% was within 5 days. 10. Level of consciousness on attack was clear 42.2%, lethargy and mental change(dull, stupid etc.) 41.3%. The common symptoms were motor disturbance(90.2%), verbal disturbance(65.2%), headache(43.5%). 11. The physical theraphy of Occlusive CVD has been performed 75.7% in whole group and the average beginning time was 6.4 days, and that of Cb-hemorrhage has been performed 61.1% in whole group and the average beginning time was 13 days. 12. Duration of hospitalization was noted 11-20 days was 31.5%, over 21 days was 46.8%, and the average admission was 22.7 day(Occlusive CVD), 32days (Cb-hemorrhage). 13. The main complication were observed in the studies; urinary tract infection and pneumonia were noted in 6.5%, bed sore in 5.4%. 14. The ratio of systolic blood pressures in admission and discharge decreased from 58.7% to 28.3% in over 160 mmHg, that of diastolic blood pressures in admission and discharge decreased from 72.8% to 51.1% in over 90 mmHg. In 31(33.7%) of the 92 cases it showed the glucose levels of more than normal. 15. The patients have done family history of hypertension and C.V.A were 32.6% of all 16. Occlusive CVD In 83.8% and Cb-hernorrhage in 72.2% were improved 17. The herb medications were various Sunghyanggeonggisan, Sopungtang, CHunmagudeungeum were used most frequently and Gamidaebotang, Boyangwhanotang, Gagamyunjotang, Mangeumtang etc. were used as discharge.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.149-158
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• 2005

Purpose : To determine the histological findings and treatment outcome in cases of child hood nephrotic syndrome which required renal biopsy. Methods : We retrospectively reviewed the clinical, laboratory, pathologic findings and therapeutic outcomes of 159 nephrotic children who received a renal biopsy at the Department of Pediatrics, Kyunghee Medical University Hospital, Seoul from 1984 to 2004 over a period of 21 years. The renal biopsy was performed in nephrotic children who showed atypical features at presentation, or needed cytotoxic therapy because of frequent-relapsing, steroid-dependent, or steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome(SRNS). Results : Minimal change disease(MCD) was found in 52.1$\%$ of the patients, followed by diffuse mesangial proliferation(33.1$\%$), focal segmental gomerulosclerosis(5.3$\%$), membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis(2.4$\%$), membranous nephropathy(2.4$\%$), and IgA nephropathy(1.8$\%$). In MCD children, 14.8$\%$ had hematuria, 22.7$\%$ had hypertension, 5.7$\%$ showed decreased renal function, and no patient was found to have an abnormal complement level. Among patients diagnosed with diseases other than MCD, 43.2$\%$ had hematuria, 21.0$\%$ was found to be hypertensive, 7.4$\%$ of children showed decreased renal function and only 3(3.7$\%$) had decreased complement level; the rates of hematuria and SRNS were found to be significantly higher than MCD patients. Among 37 SRNS patients, 30(81.0$\%$) showed a final remission state with long-term steroid therapy, including methylprednisolone pulse therapy, over 4 months, with or without cytotoxic therapy. Conclusion : Almost half of the cases of childhood nephrotic syndrome requiring renal biopsy were not diagnosed with MCD. Among atypical features, hematuria and steroid-resistance would be the most probable indicators for a diagnosis other than MCD. Even in patients with SRNS, long-term methylprednisolone pulse therapy may result in a good remission rate. (J Korean Soc Pediatr Nephrol 2005;9:149-158)

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.159-166
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• 2005

Purpose : Recently the merits of 6 weeks of initial prednisolone treatment for pediatric primary nephrotic syndrome have been reported, and the use of the 6 week regimen is increasing. We compared our experiences with the 6 week treatment versus the 4 week treatment for Korean patients. Methods : We conducted a retrospective analysis of 69 children who had primary nephrotic syndrome and who were followed up for at least 12 months in the 4 major medical centers in Daegu. The remission rate, the relapse rate, the frequency of relapse and complication of steroid treatment were compared between the 4 weeks and 6 weeks treatment group. Results : Of the 69 children, 42 were in the 4 week treatment group and 27 were in the 6 week group. The median age, blood pressure, serum total protein, serum albumin, cholesterol, creatinine, estimated creatinine clearance, 24 hour urine protein and 12 month cumulative dose did not differ between the two groups. Among the children who relapsed after steroid treatment, the relapse time was significantly later for the 6 week treatment group. The relapse rate after 1 year of treatment was 62$\%$ in the 4 week treatment group and 52$\%$ in the 6 week treatment group; however, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups. The frequency of relapse at 12 months was $1.5{\pm}1.2$ times in the 4 week treatment group and $1.1{\pm}1.2$ times in the 6 week treatment group, and there was not different between the two groups. The most common side effects of steroid treatment were an increase of appetite and a cushingoid appearance, and there was no statistical difference between the two groups. Among the 27 children who had kidney biopsies performed, 21 suffered from minimal change nephrotic syndrome. Conclusion : The first relapse time after steroid treatment was significantly later in the 6 week steroid treatment group. The frequency of relapse and the 12 month cumulative dose of steroid were lower in the 6 week treatment group, but there was no statistical significance between the two groups. The side effects of steroid treatment did not differ between the two groups. We need to study the long term side effects and the advanced regimens of steroid treatment in the future.(J Korea Soc Pediatr Nephrol 2005;9:159-166)

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.51-58
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• 2018

Objectives : We aimed to investigate the discontinuation rate and reasons of doxepin base prescription pattern in insomnia outpatients of psychiatry department of a university hospital. Methods : 534 patients prescribed doxepin were screened. 201 patients were included and reviewed for their medical records retrospectively. The discontinuation rate and reasons of doxepin after 2 months of prescription were investigated. Patients were divided into three groups according to the prescription patterns. The initial group, prescribed doxepin as the first hypnotic, the add-on group, prescribed doxepin while maintaining existing hypnotics, and the switching group, prescribed doxepin after discontinuation of existing hypnotics. Results : The discontinuation rate after 2 months of prescription of doxepin was 56.2%. There were significant differences in the discontinuation rate among three groups. The initial group had the highest while the add-on group had the lowest (p=0.018). In reasons for discontinuation of doxepin among three groups, lack of efficacy (p<0.001) and adverse events (p<0.001) were significantly higher in the add-on group. In the initial group, patient's refusal (p=0.022) and unknown or loss to follow up (p<0.001) were significantly higher. Conclusions : The results of this study suggested that add-on is superior than switching method and gradual reduction of existing hypnotics is necessary to maintain doxepin treatment and prevent adverse events. Additional large scale prospective studies are needed to evaluate various factors and risks of discontinuation of doxepin.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.394-400
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• 2016

The b-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) values and increase on functional disorder in the ventricle, and are used as an index to diagnose heart failure and predict the prognosis. BNP values is known to be relevant to dyssystole in congestive heart failure. This study aimed to identify correlation between the BNP values and the items that indicate the diastolic function in echocardiography. The research divided 188 patients who went through the BNP test and echocardiography in the hospital into the groups with the BNP values; <100, 100-300, 301-600, 601-900, and >901 pg/mL. As the BNP values increase, there was relevance with the echocardiography items of ejection fraction, size of left atrium, E velocity, A velocity, Deceleration time, E/A ratio, E', A', S' and E/E'. In comparison on the groups divided based on the BNP values, E/E' had the highest relevance. The research also categorized 67 patients who diagnosed with heart failure. In comparison on the groups of the heart failure patients, the BNP values of the three groups of Grade I: $623.0{\pm}459.7pg/mL$, Grade II: $1013.2{\pm}1155.1pg/mL$ and Grade III: $1693.4{\pm}1544.0pg/mL$, respectively (p<0.01). As the grade was higher, there was a higher relevance with the echocardiography items of ejection fraction, size of left atrium, E velocity, A velocity, Deceleration time, E/A ratio, E', A', S' and E/E' (p<0.001). Higher BNP values had a higher relevance with the items that indicate the diastolic function in echocardiography and the BNP values of the Restrictive physiology group were the highest in echocardiography. So the BNP values was thought to be valuable to predict diastolic function of heart.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.78-91
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• 2002

Objective : The purpose of this study was to develop the somatization rating scale (SRS), and then to use the scale in clinical pracitice. Methods: First, a preliminary survey was conducted for 109 healthy adults to obtain 40 response items. Second, a preliminary questionnaire was completed by 215 healthy subjects. Third, a comparison was made regarding somatization responses among 242 patients (71 with anxiety disorder. 73 with depressive disorder, 47 with somatoform disorder, and 51 with psychosomatic disorder) and 215 healthy subjects. Results : Factor analysis yielded 5 subscales : cardiorespiratory and nervous responses, somatic sensitivity, gastrointestinal responses, general somatic responses, genitourinary, eye and muscular responses. Reliability was computed by administering the SRS to 62 healthy subjects during a 2-week interval. Test-retest reliability for 5 subscales and the total score was significantly high, ranging between .86-.94. Internal consistency was computed, and Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ for 5 subscales ranged between .72-.92, and .95 for the total score. Convergent validity was computed by correlating the 5 subscales and the total score with the total score of the global assessment of recent stress (GARS) scale, the perceived stress questionnaire (PSQ), and the symptom checklist-90-revised (SCL-90-R). The correlations were all at significant levels. Discriminant validity was computed by comparing the total score and the 5 subscale scores of the patient and control groups. Significant differences were found for 5 subscales and the total score. Only the depressive disorder group was siginificantly higher than control group in all the subscale scores and total scores of SRS among 4 patient groups. In somatic sensitivity, only depressive disorder patients were significantly higher than the normal controls, whereas in general somatic subscale, depressive disorder and somatoform disorder groups were significantly higher than the normal controls. In total scores of the SRS, female subjects were significantly higher than males. Conclusion : These results indicate that the SRS is highly reliable and valid, and that it can be utilized as an effective measure for research in stress- and somatization-related fields. The depressive disorder and somatoform disorder groups showed more widespread somatization than the anxiety and psychosomatic disorder groups.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.62-66
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• 2006

Introduction: Unexpected serious and lethal drug interactions can be occurred by polypharmacy for treatment-resistant psychiatric disorders. We report a case who has suspected upper gastrointestinal bleeding after the combination of clozapine and buspirone. Case : A 69-year-old woman with DSM-IV schizophrenia who was admitted to our hospital had no previous medical problems. Findings on physical exam, laboratory values, EEG, and a magnetic reso-nance imaging scans were no abnormality, except for slightly low level of hemoglobin at admission. Because of aggravating anxiety symptom, a trial of buspirone was begun from 15mg, in addition to olanzapine 30mg. And then olanzapine was switched to clozapine due to her treatment-refractory his-tory and poor response on this admission. Moreover, At the admission 11 weeks later, after 4 weeks of starting buspirone and clozapine, she was placed on a regimen of clozapine 300mg and buspirone 60mg. At this point, she started to complaint nonspecific abdominal pain for 4 days and then hematemesis, melena and hypotension were developed suddenly with negative findings in gastroduodenoscopy. After stopping all medication, the suspected upper gastrointestinal bleeding was subsided. After the regimen was switched back to clozapine only, psychotic symptoms were improved without the recurrence of the adverse events. Conclusion : We concluded that the upper gastrointestinal bleeding in this case was attributed to the drug interaction with clozapine and buspirone, although the definite mechanism is not clear. The clini-cians should be very cautious to prescribe the combination of clozapine and buspirone due to a possible lethal adverse effect.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.25-29
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• 2015

Objectives: The pathophysiology of restless legs syndrome (RLS) has not been fully elucidated. Oxidative stress might play a role in the development of RLS and other antipsychotic-induced side effects such as tardive dyskinesia. In the present study, we investigated whether the glutathione S-transferase (GST) gene polymorphisms are associated with antipsychotic-induced RLS in schizophrenia. Methods: We assessed antipsychotic-induced RLS symptoms in 190 Korean schizophrenic patients using the diagnostic criteria of the International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group. The GST-M1, GST-T1 and GST-P1 loci were analyzed using PCR-based methods. Results: We divided the subjects into 2 groups: those with RLS symptoms (n = 96) and those without RLS symptoms (n = 94). There were no significant differences in the distributions of the GST-M1 genotypes (${\chi}^2=3.56$, p = 0.059), GST-T1 (${\chi}^2=0.51$, p = 0.476) and GST-P1 (${\chi}^2=0.57$, p = 0.821) between the 2 groups. Comparison of the RLS score among genotypes of the GST-M1 (t = -1.54, p = 0.125), GST-T1 (t = -0.02, p = 0.985) and GST-P1 (F = 0.58, p = 0.560) revealed no significant difference. Conclusion: These data suggest that GST gene polymorphisms do not confer increased susceptibility to RLS symptoms in schizophrenic patients. Future studies are necessary to evaluate the possible influences of other candidate genes involved in the reactive oxygen species system.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.67 no.2
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• pp.88-94
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• 2009

Background: From November 2006, The national health insurance system in the Republic of Korea began to cover prescribed long-term oxygen therapy (LTOT) in patients with chronic respiratory insufficiency. This study examined the current status of LTOT after national health insurance coverage. Methods: Between November 1, 2006 and June 30, 2008, the medical records of patients who were prescribed LTOT by chest physicians were reviewed. The data was collected from 13 university hospitals. Results: 197 patients (131 male and 66 female) were prescribed LTOT. The mean age was 64.3${\pm}$13.0 years. The most common underlying disease was chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (n=103, 52.3%). Chest physicians prescribed LTOT using arterial blood gas analysis or a pulse oxymeter (74.6%), symptoms (14%), or a pulmonary function test (11.2%). The mean oxygen flow rate was 1.56${\pm}$0.68 L/min at rest, 2.08${\pm}$0.91 L/min during exercise or 1.51${\pm}$0.75 L/min during sleep. Most patients (98.3%) used oxygen concentrators. Only 19% of patients used ambulatory oxygen supplies. The oxygen saturation before and after LTOT was 83.18${\pm}$10.48% and 91.64${\pm}$7.1%, respectively. After LTOT, dyspnea improved in 81.2% of patients. The mean duration of LTOT was 16.85${\pm}$6.71 hours/day. The rental cost for the oxygen concentrator and related electricity charges were 48,414${\pm}$15,618 won/month and 40,352${\pm}$36,815 won/month, respectively. Approximately 75% of patients had a regular visit by the company. 5.8% of patients had personal pulse oxymetry. 54.9% of patients had their oxygen saturation checked on each visit hospital. 8% of patients were current smokers. The most common complaint with LTOT was the limitation of daily activity (53%). The most common complaint with oxygen concentrators was noise (41%). Conclusion: The patients showed good compliance with LTOT. However, only a few patients used an ambulatory oxygen device or had their oxygen saturation measured.