• 대한한의정보학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.77-91
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• 2009

Flowery Knotweed Root is the dried tuberous root of the knotweed family wheres Auriculate Swallowwort Root is the dried tuberous root of the swallowort family. Flowery Knotweed Root is also called Red Flowery Knotweed Root in China, which is dried root of Polygonum multiflorum THUMB. Chinese Flowery Knotweed Root is better known as the dried tuberous root belonging to the family Apocynaceae whereas White Flowery Knotweed Root in Korea is the dried tuberous root of Cynanchum wilfordii(Maxim) Hemsl. Up to now, while the dried root named Red Flowery Knotweed Root has been widely used in China, Auriculate Swallowwort Root has been widely used in Korea. Both the roots contrast in a striking way with the origin, shape, botanical names, other names, and chemical constituents, so administration and dosage without discrimination of both sides can be open to question. According to the literature, it is recorded that Flowery Knotweed Root and Auriculate Swallowwort Root are similar to the characteristics, properties, and actions. From this study, the result is as follows: 1. Flowery Knotweed Root and Auriculate Swallowwort Root are divided into the family Apocynaceae and the family Polygonaceae, respectively. Accordingly 2. Flowery Knotweed Root is in shape of an irregular spindle and looks reddish- brown or deep reddish-brown and the section is light yellowish-brown, while Auriculate Swallowwort Root looks yellowish-brown and the section is white or yellow. 3. Flowery Knotweed Root is reported by the Journal of the Crude Drug that the medicinals have not the same therapeutic action as Auriculate Swallowwort Root. It is recorded that the properties, channel entry, functions of Flowery Knotweed Root and Auriculate Swallowwort Root in literature have much in common. Many works on the roots of this plant has been used traditionally as a tonic are required of. In view of the results, Flowery Knotweed Root and Auriculate Swallowwort Root varies both in nature and in shape, so that the administration and dosage of the medicinals must be taken a prudent attitude.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.10-10
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• 2001

The Purpose of this study was to investigate spectrophotometric characteristics of Korean knotweed extracts. The properties were evaluated by it′s extracting solvent, effect of metallic ion, variations of pH values and effect of light exposure. The results were as following; The highest absorbance was found in methanol extract of Korean knotweed, while the lowest absorbance was carbon tetrachloride extract. The UV-vis. spectra of Korean knotweed colors in several solvents showed hypsochromic shift of n-π/sup ＊/ transition with the polarity of solvent. Absorbance and peak of UV-vis. spectra of Korean knotweed colors became lower and broader by addition of metallic ion. The light stability in irradiation with xenon ]amp of the color solution with Cu were higher than those of Al and Fe. The UV-vis. spectra of Korean knotweed extracts in various pH values showed bathochromic shift under alkaline condition, and their peaks disappeared after 5 hours exposure.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.298-305
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• 2001

The Purpose of this study was to investigate spectrophotometric characteristics of Korean knotweed extracts. The properties were evaluated by it's extracting solvent, effect of metallic ion, variations of pH values and effect of light exposure. The results were as following; The highest absorbance was found in methanol extract of Korean knotweed, while the lowest absorbance was carbon tetrachloride extract. The UV-vis. spectra of Korean knotweed colors in several solvents showed hypsochromic shift of $n->\pi^*$ transition with the polarity of solvent. Absorbance and peak of UV-vis. spectra of Korean knotweed colors became lower and broader by addition of metallic ion. The light stability in irradiation with xenon ]amp of the color solution with Cu were higher than those of Al and Fe. The UV-vis. spectra of Korean knotweed extracts in various pH values showed bathochromic shift under alkaline condition, and their Peaks disappeared after 5 hours exposure.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.34-42
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• 2002

In order to investigate the light fastness of Korean knotweed extract, the concentrate were prepared and dyed to silk fabric under the various conditions, such as kinds of mordants, methods of mordanting, and the dye concentration. After the deed fabrics were irradiated for several hours, the color differences and K/S values were measured. Additionally, the light fastness of Korean knotweed extracts and Emodin in liquid solution was compared. The light fastness of silk fabrics deed with Korean knotweed extract was improved by the Introduction of Fe-mordant, but the surface colors on the dyed fabrics shaded into reddish and dark yellow by 80hours irradiation. Color difference of fabrics were increased wish concentrations of Korean knotweed extracts. So inconsistent fading behaviour was observed. Color difference of dyed fabrics increased remarkably at the early stage of fading and became slowly down except for Fe-mordanted fabric. Absorbance of Korean knotweed extracts and Emodin in liquid solution were extremely decreased with concentrations of colorants, so inconsistent fading behaviour was observed too.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제34권12호
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• pp.1933-1946
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• 2010

This paper is a comparative analysis of the $19^{th}$ century practice of indigo dyes and dyeing in Korea and England. From over hundreds species of indigo plants in the world, it was dyer's knotweed and woad that were cultivated in Korea; however, the only indigo plant grown in England was woad. Indigo dye was produced in the form of damp indigo sediment (jeon) in Korea; however, imported indigo (as a main dye) and couched woad (as an additional dye) were indigo dyes used in England. There existed three kinds of indigo vats, the ice vat, ash-water vat, and indigo sediment (jeon) vat, in Korea. The fresh leaves of indigo were used for both the ice vat and ash-water vat. The ice vat was very convenient for preparation, but had a weakness in the inability to produce a very deep shade of blue. The ash-water vat and indigo sediment (jeon) vat were in use for producing a very deep shade of blue. The indigo sediment Goon) vat was employed presumably only by professional dyers. The indigo vat practiced in England was categorized into two types; one was woad-indigo vat, and the other was an indigo powder vat prepared by using imported indigo rock. There was a tendency to adopt different kinds of indigo vats according to the material to be dyed. The woad-indigo vat was employed for the dyeing of wool. A few of chemical vats with imported indigo were adopted, especially for the dyeing of cotton. Indigo dyers in 19th century Korea were differentiated from the rest of the dyers. They managed the growing of indigo plants as well as the production of indigo sediment (jeon). Woad dyers in 19th century England handled woolen cloth as well as worsted and woolen yarn in general. However, they sometimes dyed silk skein as well. They produced several colors such as black, blue, slates, grays, by using both woad and imported indigo.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.10-20
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• 2009

The objective of this study is to investigate the efficacy of leaf powder colorants as substitutes for traditional fresh juice extract dyeing. Three kinds of leaf powder colorants were prepared by freeze drying method with or without deep freezing as pre-treatment: one powder colorant from fresh leaf juice with deep freezing; two kinds of powder colorant from fresh leaves with and without deep freezing. Their dyeing properties and storage stabilities were studied and compared with the traditional fresh juice extract dyeing. The presence of indigo in the powder colorants was confirmed by UV/Visible absorption spectra. They showed absorption peak at 602nm which was same with indigo absorption peak. Dyeing was done at low temperature around 6$^{\circ}C$. All three powder colorants produced B colors on silk fabrics, showing similar color to the one dyed traditionally with fresh juice extract. The powder colorants from leaves gave higher color strength than the powder from leaf juice. The powder colorant prepared from leaves with deep freezing was the most stable for long term storage as its color and color strength were not changed after 360 days. So, this was used for further dyeing to study the effects of concentration and repeat dyeing on color strength and colorfastness. Fastnesses to dry cleaning and rubbing were fairly good above 4 rating. Further study is needed to improve light fastness. It was concluded that the leaf powder colorant with deep freezing could be used as a substitute for traditional juice extract dyeing at all seasons.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.23-32
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• 2009

The objective of this study is to investigate the efficacy of leaf powder colorants as substitutes for traditional indigo dyeing. Leaf powder colorants were prepared by hot air($50^{\circ}C$) and room temperanrre($25^{\circ}C$) drying methods from fresh leaves. The presence of indigo in the leaf powder colorants was confirmed by UV/Visible absorption spectra. All the powder colorants showed broad absorption at 602 nm as same as synthetic indigo. Dyeing was done by reduction method with sodium hydrosulfite and sodium hydroxide. Leaf powder colorants produced blue color on silk fabrics, showing similar color to the one dyed traditionally with fresh juice extract. The powder colorants prepared at room temperature drying were more stable for long term storage than that prepared by hot air drying. Thus, the powder colorants prepared by room temperature drying was reduced and dyed in one-step process without sodium hydroxide in the dyebath for further investigate dyeing properties. K/S value of the fabric dyed without sodium hydroxide was much higher than one dyed with sodium hydroxide. Regardless of the addition of sodium hydroxide, rubbing fastness was fairly good showing above 4 rating. Fastness to dry cleaning and light of the fabrics dyed without sodium hydroxide were mote higher than that dyed in alkaline condition.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제32권12호
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• pp.1963-1970
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• 2008

전통적인 니남쪽염료 제조법을 기준으로 굴껍질가루 대신 칼슘하이드록사이드를 사용하여 천연인디고분말염료를 만들었다. 제조한 인디고분말염료에 대한 텐셀의 염색성을 몇 가지 실험조건에서 조사하였으며 염색견뢰도를 측정하였다. 제조한 인디고분말염료는 약 15.5%의 인디고 성분과 0.757%의 인디루빈 성분을 함유하는 것으로 분석되었다. 환원과 염색을 자동염색기로 one-step으로 하였으며 환원제로 소디움하이드로설파이트를 사용하였다. 최대염착량은 $60^{\circ}C$에서 얻었으며 초기 20분 동안에 염착이 거의 이루어졌다. 본 연구의 실험조건 범위에서는 염료농도 4g/L까지는 2g/L의 환원제 농도에서, 염료농도 8g/L에서는 3g/L의 환원제 농도에서 최대염착량을 보였다. 텐셀은 염욕에 가성 소다를 넣지 않고 pH 5.75에서 염색할 때 훨씬 높은 염착량을 나타냈다. 염색견뢰도는 4/5-5등급으로 대체로 우수하였으며, 염착량이 낮을수록 더 높은 광퇴색을 보였다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.285-294
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• 1994

본 실험은 포장에서 주로 발생하는 velvetleaf등을 비롯하여 7종류의 잡초를 마른 상태와 생체상태로 각각 수확하여 지상부와 지하부로 나누어 물질을 추출 이들을 alfalfa 종자 발아와 생육정도 검정에 사용하여 지상부와 지하부의 생육억제정도를 비교하였으며 이 중 억제효과가 제일 큰 velvet-leaf의 추출물은 여러 농도로 silica sand와 혼합하여 alfalfa에 대한 타감작용을 검토하였다. 1. 7종류 잡초의 지상부와 지하부의 추출물 처리는 alfalfa의 발아율, 발아세, 유근의 길이, 무게 등을 억제시켰다. 지상부와 지하부의 억제효과를 비교하면 지상부의 추출물이 지하부의 추출물 보다 더 큰 타감작용을 보였으며, 이 중에서 velvetleaf 추출물이 가장 억제적이었고, crab-grass 추출물은 가장 낮은 억제 정도를 보였다. 또 alfalfa 발아와 유근의 생육에 대한 velvetleaf의 건조 추출물과 생체 추출물을 비교하면 건조 추출물이 더 억제적이었다. 2. 농도에 따르는 velvetleaf 추출물 처리에서는 농도가 증가할수록 alfalfa 발아율, 유근의 길이, 무게 등이 대조구와 비교하여 상대적으로 더 억제되었다. 3. 건조된 velvetleaf 잔기를 silica sand와 혼합처리에서 잔기의 비율이 증가 될수록 alfalfa의 출현율과 생존율이 더 억제되었으며 그 정도는 잔기 비율 1%에서 가장 억제적이었다. 4. 잡초의 추출물과 잔기의 처리는 alfalfa의 발아와 생육에 억제적으로 작용 하여 타감작용이 인정되었다.

• 한국잡초학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.121-130
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• 1995

본 실험은 알팔파 발아와 초기생육에 대한 canada thist1e 등 7종잡초의 allelopathic 잠재성을 평가하기 위해서 실시하였다. 1. 7종류 잡초의 지상부와 지하부 추출물의 알팔파 발아와 생육에 대한 억제효과를 비교하면 두 추출물이 공히 알팔파 발아와 생육에 억제적으로 작용하였으나, 지상부의 추출물이 지하부의 추출물보다 더 큰 억제작용을 보였으며, 이 중에서 velvetleaf 추출물이 가장 억제적이었고(b=3.69), crabgrass 추출물은 가장 낮은 억제정도를 보였다(b=2.39). 2. 농도에 따른 velvetleaf 추출물 처리에서는 농도가 증가할수록 alfalfa 발아율, 유근의 길이, 무게 등이 대조구외 비교하여 상대적으로 더 억제되었으며, 알팔파 발아와 유근의 생육에 대한 velvetleaf의 건조 추출물과 생체 추출물을 비교하면 건조 추출물이 더 억제적으로 작용하였다. 3. 건조된 velvetleaf를 silica sand와 혼합처리시 혼합비율이 증가될수록 알팔파의 초기 출현율과 생존율이 더 억제되었으며 혼합비율 1%에서는 출현율과 생존율이 44.0%, 56.7%로 가장 낮았다. 4. 잡초 잔기의 처리시간에 따른 알팔파 초기 생육에 대한 억제작용은 처리시간의 증가와 더불어 알팔파 생장이 억제되었고, 그 억제정도는 velvetleaf 72시간 처리시 가장 높았다.