• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.314-319
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• 1997

한국산 대추를 4$^{\circ}C$에서 24시간 침지하여 마쇄하고, 30분 동안 끓인 다음 여과 sd축하여 당을 분석하였다. 대추는 씨뺀 무수건조 과육을 기준으로 수크로오스 25%, 프룩토오스 21.2%, 글루코오스 20.7%, 합계 66.9%, H사는 수크로오스 6.9%, 프룩토오스 2.1%, 글루코오스 2.4%, 합계 11.4%, V사는 수크로오스 5.9%, 프룩토오스 2.2%, 글루코오스 2.4%, 합계 10.5%의 당이 분석되었다. Invertase 처리로 수크로오스는 프룩토오스와 글루코오스로 완전히 가수분해되었다. 기타 다른 소당은 함유하지 않았다. 에탄올 침전으로 분리한 겔상의 다당은 대추의 경우 0.063%, V사 대추음료의 경우 0.0045% H사 대추음료의 경우 0.01%를 함유하였고, 1H-NMR 분석 및 카르바졸 분석 결과 펙틴으로 확인되었다. 대추펙틴에 함유된 갈락투론산은 61%, V사 음료의 펙틴은 58%, H사 음료의 펙틴은 55%였다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.827-830
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• 1997

Sensory evaluation method was used to develop a type jujube tea the organoleptic properties were evaluated with regard to the optimum sugar content, clarity, drinking temperature and fruit pulp content of the jujube tea. Clarified jujube tea extracted from 25% by weight of dry jujube fruits and 75% water was preferred to those from 15%, 20% and 30% jujube fruites although those from 20% and 30% were not significantly different at 5%level. In spite of the average acceptability score of cloudy jujube tea with 5% of added fruit pulp was not significantly different from that of clarified one, the more fruit pulp in the tea products the worse its acceptability. Cold jujube tea was preferred to warm and hot ones, but these were not significantly different.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.477-481
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• 2018

Background: Recently, jujube (Zizyphus jujuba Mill.) has been attracting attention as a fruit, and its cultivation in rain shelter house is increasing to produce the high quality fresh jujube. This study was carried out to investigate the growth and fruit characteristics of jujube according to the types of rain shelter house. Methods and Results: The characteristics of 5-year-old Bokjo cultivar cultivated in 3 types of rain shelter house, multi span rain shelter house with roof vent (Type I), single span house with a column in the center and roof vent (Type II) and single span house with a column in the center and without roof vent (Type III), and open field were examined. The sprouting and blooming period were different among the types of rain shelter house. The diameter of main stem was higher in rain shelter houses than in the open field. There was no a significant difference in fruit number per leaf stem among the types of cultivation. The incidence of fruit cracking in open field cultivation which was 51.2% was much higher than that in Type I 21.6%, Type II 19.3%, and Type III 25.5%. The fruit size and weight in rain shelter houses, especially in Type III rain shelter house were higher than those in the open field and the soluble solids content of fruit in Type I and Type II was higher than in Type III rain shelter house and the open field. Conclusions: The results show that the growth and fruit quality of jujube were improved by cultivation in rain shelter house, and affected by the types of rain shelter house.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.42-49
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• 2010

본 연구는 대추의 과실 모양을 그대로 유지하면서 기호성이 우수한 제품을 만들기 위하여 우리나라 전통식품의 한 종류인 정과를 접목하고 여러 가지의 전처리 과정을 달리한 대추정과를 제조하고 대추정과의 제조과정 및 최종 제품의 품질특성에 대하여 연구하고자 하였다. 대추정과 제조시 중량의 변화는 당조림공정에서 증가를 보였고, 색도는 당조림공정 후 외부의 명도 L 값은 크게 변화를 보이지 않았지만 적색도(a)과 황색도(b)는 크게 낮아졌다. 수분함량은 건대추(DJF)가 35.06%, 추가건조한 대추(DDJF)가 35.93%였으며, 삼투건조대추(ODJF)가 가장 높은 40.42%를 나타내었다. 20분간 당조림공정을 거친 시료는 예비건조 공정에 비해 2~10% 정도의 수분함량이 증가하였다. 재흡수율은 일반건조대추인 DJF가 119.66%로 가장 낮았으며, 삼투건조 처리한 대추(ODJF)가 가장 높은 124.81%로 나타났다. 물성은 건조방법을 달리한 첫 번째 공정 후에 추가건조대추(DDJF)는 건대추(DJF)에 비해 강도는 3배 이상, 경도는 2배 이상 높게 나타났다. 당조림 공정 후의 물성은 시료간 큰 차이는 없었다. 최종 완성된 정과의 물성도 큰 차이는 없었으나, 색, 외관윤기, 외관기호도, 향, 전체적인 기호도는 삼투건조대추(ODJF)에서 높은 기호도를 보였다. 완성된 정과에 대한 관능검사는 외관기호도, 향, 씹힘성, 뒷맛 및 전체적인기호도는 추가건조한 대추(DDJF)에서 높은 기호도를 보였다. 따라서 전처리를 달리하여 제조한 정과 즉, 추가건조한대추(DDJF)와 삼투건조대추(ODJF)도 대추정과로서의 관능적인 면에서 우수함을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 추가건조한대추(DDJF)와 삼투건조대추(ODJF)도 대추정과로서의 높은 기호성을 보여 좋은 식품이 될 수 있을 것으로 판단되며, 훌륭한 전통식품의 한 종류가 될 수 있을 것으로 생각한다.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.160-164
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• 2017

Background: This study were performed to determine the effect of root pruning of Zizyphus jujuba var. inermis (Bunge) Rehder. Root cutting inhibit vegetative growth and promote reproductive growth as temporarily reducing growth, net assimilation, water potential of leaf and cytokinin level. Methods and Results: The root pruning was treated of the root cutting widths 50, and 80 ㎝ and the root cutting depths 10, and 20 cm. The amount of root pruning and the number of suckers were the highest in the root-pruning treatment at a width of 50 cm and a depth of 20 cm. The blooming time was from June 18 to 20, and no difference was observed in the blooming time among the root-pruning treatments. The number of flowers was rather higher in the root-pruning treatment at a width of 50 cm and a depth of 20 cm and at a width of 80 cm and a depth of 20 cm. The percentage of fruit setting was higher in the plants whose roots were pruned at a depth of 20 cm than in the untreated plants. The fruit size, fruit weight, and sugar content showed no difference among the root-pruning treatments. Conclusions: The results showed that percentage of fruit setting increased with root pruning, while no difference was observed in the growth and fruit quality of plants.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.455-462
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• 2020

Background: The purpose of this study was to analyze the applicability of dried jujube (Zizypui Fructus) distributed by size as a functional food material and herbal medicine by evaluating its physicochemical characteristics and betulinic acid content. Methods and Results: It was shown that the carbohydrate content of in jujube fruit significantly increased with fruit size; 81.42% for large, 79.83% for medium, and 76.39% for small. Similarly, the dilute ethanol extract content of each group was 72.48% (large), 69.56% (medium), and 64.16% (small). A free sugar analysis indicated that glucose, fructose and sucrose were found in quantitieds proportional to jujube fruit size, the total free sugar values were 68.85%, 63.93%, and 57.37% for large, medium, and small fruit sizes respectively. The betulinic acid content for large, medium, and small fruit was 0.50 mg/g, 0.54 mg/g, and 0.58 mg/g respectively, indicating that smaller jujube contained a higher amount of betulinic acid. Conclusions: It is considered that betulinic acid content could be used as a criteria for jujube fruit quality control.

• 식물병연구
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.41-44
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• 2002

＇97∼＇98년에 경북지역의 대구와 경산, 군위, 영천, 청도등 대추과원에서 과실에 역병이 발생되었다. 병징은 과실이 적갈색의 반점이 생기며 심하면 미이라가 되고, 말라서 조기낙과되며 엽병과 신초에도 마름증상을 나타내기도 했다. 이병과에서 2종의 역병균이 검출되었는데 총 18개 역병균중 6균주는 P. nicotiamae로 동정되었고, 나머지 12균주는 P. palmivora로 동정되었다. P. nicotianae는 유두돌기가 뚜렷하고 비탈락성인 구형 혹은 난형의 유주자낭과 다량의 후막포자를 형성하였으며 유성생식형은 자웅이주로 A1 mating type이 조사되었다. P. palmivora는 유주자낭이 유두돌기가 뚜렷하고 탈락성이며 장타원형 혹은 난형, 구형 등이었고, 다량의 후막포자를 형성하였으며 유성생식형은 자웅이주로 A1 mating type이 조사되었다. 2종의 역병균 모두 대추와 배에 강한 병원성을 나타내었으나. 사과에는 병원성이 없었다. P. nicotiamae 와 P. palmivora에 의한 대추 역병은 국내에서 최초로 보고되는 것이다.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제40권5호
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• pp.433-437
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• 1997

대추 첨가량을 달리하여 대추술을 제조하고 경시적인 발효 특성을 분석하였다. 품온은 모든 처리구가 담금 2일에 $24{\sim}26^{\circ}C$로 가장 높았고, 총산은 발효 경과기간과 대추의 첨가량이 증가함에 따라 서서히 증가하였다. 환원당과 전당은 모두 2단 담금에서 대추액을 첨가한 후에 각각 $13{\sim}53%$ 및 $43{\sim}51%$로 최대가 되었다가 계속 감소하였고 대추의 첨가량이 많을 수록 높았다. 알코올은 발효가 진행됨에 따라 증가하였는데, 특히 발효 1-3일째에 급격한 증가를 보였고 대체로 대추첨가량이 많을수록 증가율이 높게 나타났다. Amylase활성은 2-2.5일에 최대 활성을 보인 후 계속 감소하였다. 대추술의 전체적인 품질은 2그룹으로 구분되었으며 E가 가장 높게 나타났고 A와 F가 가장 낮았다.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.283-292
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• 2002

Mechanical and physical properties of various parts of jujube (Zizyphus jojoba Miller) such as fruits, leaves, secondary branches, and leafy stems were measured and analyzed. The physical dimensions of the fruits were measured using a digital caliper, and the detachment force of the fruit and leafy stems was measured using a force gauge. The physical characteristics of the secondary branches such as the modulus of elasticity and the torsional rigidity were tested using a universal testing machine (UTM). The physical characteristics of leafy stems such as length and weight were also measured using a digital caliper and a digital scale, respectively. The detachment force of leafy stems and the area of the leaf also measured. The terminal velocities of the jujube fruits, leaves, and leafy stems were measured using a custom made terminal velocity experiment system. Diameter of the major and minor axis of the jujube fruit, weight of the fruit, and detachment force of the fruit stem was average of 32.02 mm, 23.92 mm. 10.0 ${\times}$ 10$\^$6/ ㎥, 8.99 g, and 5.43 N. respectively. The detachment forces of the jujube fruits increased and the force-to-weight ratio of the jujube fruits decreased as the weight of the jujube fruits increased. The modulus of elasticity of the secondary branches of the jujube was average of 7.01 ${\times}$ 10$\^$8/ N/㎡ and decreased as diameter of the secondary branches increased. The average torsional rigidity of the secondary jujube branches was 5.2 ${\times}$ 10$\^$-/ N/㎡, and the torsional rigidity decreased as the secondary branch diameter increased. The distribution of the torsional rigidity data associated with the diameter of the branches, however. widely scattered and it was difficult to find any relationship between the diameter of the branches and the torsional rigidity of tile branches. The weight of the leafy stems, number of loaves attached to the leafy stems, diameter of the stem side of the leafy stems, diameter of the leafy stem end was average or 0.7 g, 6.6 ea, 12.2 cm, 4.5 mm, and 2.7 mm, respectively. The major and minor axis of the .jujube loaves, area of leaves, weight of the leaves. and detachment force of the leaves was average of 5.7 cm, 3.3 cm, 12.98 cm$^2$, 0.20 g, and 4.39 N, respectively. The terminal velocity of the .jujube fruits increased as the weight of the fruits increased. The terminal velocity of the leafy stems, however, did not show a relationship with the weight of the leafy stems and the number of leaves attached to the leafy stem. The terminal velocity, however, slightly increased as the length of the leafy stems increased.

• 한국식물병리학회지
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.402-407
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• 1998

Phytophthora rot on jujube fruit has occurred at several cultivation areas in Kyung-buk and Kyung-nam provinces. Symptoms consisted of brownish to reddish rot on fruits resulting in early drop or mummification. The causal fungus isolated from infected fruits and adjacent leaf stalks was identified as Phytophthora citricola, which has never been reported in Korea. Sporangia were semi-papillate, noncaducous and highly variable in shapes. Plerotic oospores with paragynous antheridia were abundant is single cultures. Sporangia of two isolates were measured as 38-76$\times$20-40 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ and averaged 51.4$\times$27.0 and 55.6$\times$36.0 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$. Oogonia were ranged from 26 to 36 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ and averaged 31.3 and 32.0 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$. Colony pattern was slightly radiated with sparse aerial mycelia on common media. Minium, optimum and maximum temperatures for mycelial growth were recorded at 7, 25, and 32$^{\circ}C$, respectively. Among tested media, 10% V8A was the best and $25^{\circ}C$ was better than 15$^{\circ}C$ for oospore formation of the fungus. The jujube isolates of P. citricola were readily differentiated from other closely related species in the genus, namely; P. nicotianae, P. citrophthora, P. cactorum, P. capsici, and P. plalmivora on the basis of PCR-RFLP of r-DNA. The fungus showed strong pathogenicty to jujube, apple, pear, orange, persimmon and eggplant, and relatively weak to citron, tomato, pepper and cucumber. In this study, P. citrocola is firstly identified and jujube fruit rot caused by the fungus is recorded as a new disease in Korea.